Regulation of different light conditions for efficient biomass production and protein accumulation of Spirulina platensis

Light plays an important role in the photosynthesis and metabolic process of microalgae.However,how different light conditions regulate the biomass production and protein accumulation of microalgae is mostly unknown.In this study,the influence of different light conditions,including light colors,densities,and light:dark cycles on the cell growth and biochemical composition of Spirulina platensis was symmetrically characterized.Under different colored lights,S.platensis all shows an increase trend within the increased light intensity ranges;however,each showing different optimal light intensities.At the same light intensity,different colored lights show different growth rate of S.platensis following the sequence of red>white>green>yellow>blue.The maximum growth rate and protein accumulation were determined as 21.88 and 5.10 mg/(L·d)when illuminated under red LED.The energy efficiency of different light sources was calculated and ranked as red>white>blue≈green>yellow.Transcriptomic analysis suggests that red light can promote cell growth and protein accumulation by upregulating genes related to photosynthesis,carbon fixation,and C-N metabolism pathways.This study provides a conducive and efficient way to promote biomass production and protein accumulation of S.platensis by regulating light conditions.

Dynamics of Above-and Below-ground Biomass and C,N,P Accumulation in the Alpine Steppe of Northern Tibet

The temporal dynamics of the biomass, as well as the carbon （C）, nitrogen （N）, phosphorus （P） concentrations and accumulation contents, in above- and below-ground vegetation components were determined in the alpine steppe vegetation of Northern Tibet during the growing season of 2OLO. The highest levels of total biomass （311.68 g m-2）, total C （115.95 g m-2）, total N （2.60 g m-2）, and total P （0.90 g m-2） accumulation contents were obtained in August in 2010. Further, biomass and nutrient stocks in the below-ground components were higher than those of the above-ground components. The dominant species viz., Stipa purpurea and Carex moorcrofli had lower biomass and C, N, P accumulations than the companion species which including Oxytropis. spp., Artemisia capillaris Thunb., Aster tataricus L., and SO on.

Vegetation C–N–P accumulation and allocation patterns at the community level in early restored plantations in the loess hilly-gully region

Accumulation of vegetation biomass is a crucial process for carbon fixation in the early stage of afforestation and a primary driving force for subsequent ecological functions.Accurately assessing the storage and allocation of elements in plantations is essential for their management and estimating carbon sink capacity.However,current knowledge of the storage and allocation patterns of elements within plant organs at the community level is limited.To clarify the distribution patterns of elements in plant organs at the community level,we measured the biomass within plant organs of five typical plantations in the early stage of afforestation in the loess hilly-gully region.We assessed the main drivers of element accumulation and distribution by employing redundancy analysis and random forest.Results revealed significant differences in biomass storages among plantations and a significant effect of plantation type on the storages of elements within plant organs.Furthermore,the dominant factors influencing C–N–P storage and allocation at the community level were found to be inconsistent.While the storage of elements was mainly influenced by stand openness,total soil nitrogen,and plant diversity,the allocation of elements in organs was mainly influenced by stand openness and soil water content.Overall,the spatial structure of the community had an important influence on both element storage and allocation,but soil conditions played a more important role in element allocation than in storage.Random forest results showed that at the community level,factors influencing element storage and allocation within plant organs often differed.The regulation of elemental storage could be regulated by the major growth demand resources,while the allocation was regulated by other limiting class factors,which often differed from those that had a significant effect on element storage.The differences in plant organ elemental storage and allocation drivers at the community level reflect community adaptation strategies and the regulation of resources by ecosystems in combination with plants.Our study provides valuable insights for enhancing plantation C sink estimates and serves as a reference for regulating element storage and allocation at the local scale.

Nickel accumulation and its effect on biomass,protein content and antioxidative enzymes in roots and leaves of watercress(Nasturtium officinale R.Br.)

In order to understand its response towards nickel stress, watercress （Nasturtium officinale R. Br.） was exposed to nickel （1-25 mg/L） for 1, 3, 5 and 7 days. The accumulation and translocation of nickel were determined and the influence of nickel on biomass, protein content and enzymatic antioxidants was examined for both roots and leaves. It was determined that N. o fficinale could accumulate appreciable amounts of Ni in both roots and leaves. Nickel accumulated particularly in the roots of plants. Biomass increased at low nickel concentrations but certain measurable change was not found at high concentrations. Under stress conditions the antioxidant enzymes were up-regulated compared to control. An increase in protein content and enzyme activities was observed at moderate exposure conditions followed by a decline at both roots and leaves. The maximum enzyme activities were observed at different exposure conditions. Our results showed that N. officinale had the capacity to overcome nickel-induced stress especially at moderate nickel exposure. Therefore, N. officinale may be used as a phytoremediator in moderately polluted aquatic ecosystems.

Biomass Accumulation and Nutrient Uptake of Jerusalem Artichoke (<i>Helianthus tuberosus</i>L.)

The dynamics of biomass accumulation during the growing period, the yield of leafy stalks and tubers, and the nutrient concentration and nutrient uptake of the yield were investigated for two Jerusalem artichoke varieties (Tápiói Korai and Tápiói Sima) in a field experiment involving mineral fertilisation. Considerable differences were observed between the dynamics of leafy stalk and tuber development in Tápiói Korai which has a short vegetation period and Tápiói Sima where the vegetation period is long. The maximum dry matter ratio between the tuber yield and the leafy stalk yield was 1:1 for Tápiói Korai and 1:4.5 for Tápiói Sima. During the period when the maximum aboveground biomass developed in Tápiói Korai, 100 kg.ha-1 N and P fertiliser resulted in the highest leafy stalk yield (38.34 t.ha-1), while for Tápiói Sima, which developed a much greater leafy stalk mass, the highest aboveground biomass yield (78-80 t.ha-1) was given in response to 200 kg.ha-1 N supplemented by P and K fertiliser. Both artichoke varieties produced the great-est tuber yield at a N rate of 200 kg.ha-1, supplemented with P and K fertiliser. The nutrient concentration in the leafy stalks was highest on the 85th day of the vegetation period, prior to intensive dry matter accumulation in the leafy stalks and before tuber formation began. In both varieties the maximum nutrient uptake was recorded on the 155th day. Great differences were observed between the varieties in terms of specific nutrient uptake. For a tuber yield of 10 t, together with the corresponding leafy stalk yield, the specific nutrient uptake of the Tápiói Korai variety amounted to 48 kg N, 10 kg P, 83 kg K, 30 kg Ca and 10 kg Mg, while for Tápiói Sima these figures were 162 kg N, 30 kg P, 300 kg K, 84 kg Ca and 45 kg Mg.

Dynamic analysis on carbon accumulation of a plantation in Qianyanzhou based on tree ring data

The authors developed a model to estimate annual tree growth based on tree-ring data (Abbr. TGTRing model) derived from the trunk at 0.5,1.3 and 2.5 m height. This model was applied to estimate the annual biomass and carbon accumulation of a plantation in Qianyanzhou Red-Soil Hill Comprehensive Development Experimental Station of CAS in Taihe County,Jiangxi Province (Abbr. Qianyanzhou). The results showed that the inflexion points of the biomass and carbon accumulation curves occur at 17 and 18 years of age,respectively,in masson pine,whilst both inflexion points occurred at 15 years in slash pine and Chinese fir. The biomass and carbon accumulation in Chinese fir proved to be greater in the last 20 years than in the other species,with 171.697 t/hm2 and 92.29 tc/hm2,respectively. masson pine,with a biomass of 133.84 t/hm2 and a carbon accumulation of 73.92 tc/hm2 was the lowest whilst slash pine was intermediate with a biomass of 147.639 t/hm2 (unturpentined) and 135.743 t/hm2 (turpentined),and a carbon accumulation of 80.18 tc/hm2 (unturpentined) and 73.72 tc/hm2 (turpentined). In 2006,the total biomass and carbon storage of the tree stratum of masson pine in Qianyanzhou was 3324.43 t and 14,156.64 tc,respectively,whilst the values for Chinese fir were 1326.97 t and 713.27 tc. For slash pine the total biomass was 14,156.64 t (unturpentined) and 13,015.97 t (turpentined),and the total carbon storage was 7 688.21 tc (unturpentined) and 7068.78 tc (turpentined). Following the shaving of slash pine for resin,the total biomass was reduced by 1140.67 t and the total carbon storage fell by 619.43 tc.

Carbon accumulations by stock change approach in tropical highland forests of Chiapas, Mexico

Changes in forest biomass and soil organic carbon reserves have strong links to atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration.Human activities such as livestock grazing,forest fires,selective logging and firewood extraction are the common disturbances that affect the carbon dynamics of the forest ecosystems.Here,we hypothesized that such anthropogenic activities significantly reduce the carbon stocks and accumulation rates in the tropical highland forests of the Sierra Madre de Chiapas in Southern Mexico.We sampled the Pinus oocarpa Scheide dominated forests within the elevation range of 900 to 1100 m above sea level in 2010,2014 and 2017.We measured the stand structural properties and used the reported allometric equations to calculate the tree carbon stocks.Stock change approach was used to calculate carbon accumulation rates.The results showed a gradual increase in carbon storage over the 7-year period from 2010 to 2017,but the rate of increase varied significantly between the study sites.The aboveground carbon stock was 107.25±11.77 Mg ha-1 for the site with lower anthropogenic intensity,compared to 74.29±16.85 Mg ha-1 for the site with higher intensity.The current annual increment for the forest with lower anthropogenic intensity was 7.81±0.65 Mg ha-1 a-1,compared to 3.87±1.03 Mg ha-1 a-1 in the site with high anthropogenic intensity.Although at varying rates,these forests are functioning as important carbon sinks.The results on carbon accumulation rates have important implications in greenhouse gas mitigations and forest change modelling in the context of changing global climate.

Biomass Fraction of Phosphate-Accumulating Organisms Grown in Anoxic and Aerobic Stages under Optimum Nitrate Concentration

The effects of nitrate concentration on the capability of phosphorus uptake in the main anoxic stage were investigated.Meanwhile, the biomass fractions — heterotrophs, phosphateaccumulating organisms( PAOs),and nitrifying organisms in a pilot-scale enhanced biological phosphorus removal( EBPR) system— were both experimentally and theoretically evaluated( from the mass balance calculations of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus),under optimum nitrate concentration in the main anoxic stage,in which the influent chemical oxygen demand( COD)concentration was stabilized at( 290 ± 10) mg·L- 1and the influent total phosphorus( TP) concentration was stabilized at( 7. 0 ± 0. 5)mg · L- 1. In long term operations,the process exhibited high performance in removing organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Approximately 46. 41% of organic matter,57. 21% of nitrogen,and 48. 14% of phosphorus were removed from the influent in the form of carbon dioxide,nitrogen gas,and polyphosphate,respectively. XH( heterotrophs),XPAO( PAOs),and XAUT( autotrophs) were regarded as the major organisms responsible for biomass production. The yield fractions of XHgrowth in the first anoxic,the second anoxic,and the aerobic stages were 10. 24%,19. 11%,and 19. 71%,respectively; the yield fractions of XPAO growth in the second anoxic and the aerobic stages were 24. 34% and19. 86%,respectively; the yield fraction of XAUTgrowth in the aerobic stage was 6. 74%. These results showed that XHand XPAOformed the major community. Moreover,a higher amount of XPAOgrowth on stored poly-hydroxyalkanoates( PHAs) under the anoxic condition was seen in this EBPR system for municipal wastewater treatment.

施氮量对优质稻G优325氮肥利用率和产量的影响

【目的】探明优质杂交籼稻新品种G优325的适宜施氮量。【方法】设5个施氮量处理(0、60、120、180和240 kg/hm^(2),分别记为N0、N60、N120、N180和N240)进行田间试验,研究不同施氮量对G优325主要生育时期茎糵数、干物质积累与转运能力、氮肥吸收利用率和产量及其构成因素的影响。【结果】适当增加施氮量能显著提高G优325的产量,且在N180处理下产量最高。施氮量对产量构成因素、茎蘖数和干物质积累总量影响显著,随着施氮量增加,G优325成熟期的有效穗数、每穗总粒数和干物质积累总量均表现为先增加后降低的趋势,且有效穗数和干物质积累总量均在N180处理达到最高值,而每穗粒数在N120处理最多。随着施氮量增加,抽穗前后的干物质积累向籽粒的转运量均表现为处理N180>N240>N120>N60>N0;拔节期、抽穗期和成熟期的氮素积累总量均表现为先增加后降低的趋势,且均在N180处理下最高;氮素干物质生产效率、氮素稻谷生产效率、氮素收获指数、氮肥吸收利用率、氮肥农学利用率、氮肥偏生产力和氮素生理利用率均表现为处理N0>N60>N120>N180>N240。【结论】适宜提高施氮量(180 kg/hm^(2)),可协同实现优质杂交籼稻新品种G优325高产与较高氮肥利用效率。

广西不同绿肥油菜品种的养分累积差异及富硒品种筛选

【目的】探明不同绿肥油菜品种的养分差异及对土壤硒富集效应,为丰富绿肥油菜品种及广西富硒土壤资源应用提供理论依据。【方法】以川油36(CY36)、丰油823(FY823)和沣油919(FY919)等19个绿肥油菜品种为研究对象,采用盆栽试验,研究不同品种生物量,氮、磷、钾和钙养分累积差异及对土壤硒吸收、富集的响应。【结果】不同绿肥油菜品种之间的地上部生物量、地下部生物量和总生物量均存在一定差异。地上部干生物量为4.49~6.62 g/盆,地下部为0.14~0.84 g/盆;总干生物量为4.82~7.14 g/盆。总生物量前3位的中双9号、沣油958和南油12显著高于生物量最低的3个品种(花油8号、川油36和华湘油12号);地上部氮、磷、钾和钙养分含量分别为8.86~19.64 g/kg、 0.69~2.24 g/kg、 13.07~37.68 g/kg和11.82~34.23 g/kg。浙油51号和花油6号地上部和地下部的养分含量均较高。氮、磷、钾和钙含量综合评分排序前3位的油菜品种为浙油51、中双10号和花油6号。硒含量地上部为0.095~0.369 mg/kg,地下部为0.160~0.579 mg/kg;全株硒含量为0.111~0.382 mg/kg;沣油919、绵油88和圣光86的地上部、地下部和全株硒含量较高,均显著高于其他油菜品种;硒总累积量在0.552~2.286μg/盆,沣油919和绵油88显著高于其他油菜品种。【结论】综合各品种的养分累积量和硒素吸收特性,沣油919、绵油88和圣光86的富硒能力较强,可作为广西富硒土壤资源高效利用的绿肥油菜品种。

大气NH_(3)浓度升高和施氮对冬小麦生物量和氮素利用的影响

为揭示大气NH_(3)浓度升高和施氮对冬小麦生物量和氮素利用的影响,通过开顶式气室,以小偃22为试验材料,于2020-2022两年进行田间微区试验,设置3个施氮水平(0、180和240 kg·hm^(-2))和两种大气NH_(3)浓度(空气背景NH_(3)浓度:0.01~0.03 mg·m^(-3);高NH_(3)浓度:0.30~0.60 mg·m^(-3)),对不同处理下小麦地上部和根系干物质、氮素积累量及氮素利用效率进行分析。结果表明,大气NH_(3)浓度升高能显著提升小麦地上部生物量、根系生物量、地上部氮素积累量和根系氮素积累量,2年内平均增幅分别为5.77%、6.74%、8.94%和9.98%。在空气背景NH_(3)浓度下,施氮后小麦显著增产,180和240 kg·hm^(-2)施氮水平下产量较0 kg·hm^(-2)施氮水平分别提高了45.26%和50.67%。在大气NH_(3)浓度升高环境中,随着施氮量的增加,小麦产量出现先升后降趋势,180 kg·hm^(-2)施氮水平下产量最高,240 kg·hm^(-2)施氮水平下小麦产量较0 kg·hm^(-2)施氮水平降低17.97%,小麦氮肥农学效率和氮素利用率也随之降低。这说明,大气NH3浓度升高的环境中适当减少氮肥施用量能有效提升冬小麦的氮素利用率,稳定小麦产量。

带宽和株距对带状间作大豆物质积累分配及产量形成的影响

间套作系统中合理的田间配置能改善作物生长环境,增加系统产量。为进一步完善西南地区大豆-玉米带状间作系统高产高效的田间配置技术,本研究以大豆-玉米带状间作为研究对象,采用二因素裂区试验设计,综合分析2.0 m(B1)和2.4 m(B2)2个带宽与9 cm(P1)、11 cm(P2)、14 cm(P3)、18 cm(P4)4个株距对大豆物质积累分配、籽粒灌浆和产量的影响。结果表明,B2带宽下各株距处理的净光合速率均高于B1,其2年平均值在B2下较B1增加14.26%;相同带宽下净光合速率在B1P4和B2P4达到最大,开花期较B1P1和B2P1增加13.57%和25.21%。2个带宽下大豆群体物质积累均随株距增加呈先增后减的趋势且分别在B1P3和B2P2下达到最大,完熟期B2较B1增加9.82%~22.08%。同时,带宽与株距的增加促进了大豆花后物质的积累与向籽粒的转移,与B1相比,B2处理使大豆花后干物质积累量与干物质转移量分别增加13.82%~28.01%和13.38%~37.76%,籽粒物质积累占比增加到41.80%~44.26%。物质积累的增加改善籽粒灌浆过程,B2带宽下籽粒灌浆活跃期(D)较B1延长2~3 d;2种带宽下平均灌浆速率均在P4达到最大且分别较P1增加5.80%和6.58%。产量结果表明,大豆-玉米带状间作模式中,带宽和株距的增加降低了群体有效株数,增加了单株粒数和百粒重;B2带宽下的大豆产量较B1增加22.32%~36.87%,2个带宽下分别在B1P3和B2P2达到最大值,2年间较B1P1和B2P1增加17.83%~26.44%和10.71%~10.76%。综上所述,2.4m带宽下大豆株距为11 cm时能有效改善大豆花后干物质积累和分配,促进籽粒灌浆,增加单株粒数和百粒重,提高大豆群体产量,实现大豆-玉米带状间作系统的高产高效。

长江中游地区不同钾肥用量对油菜生物量、产量和养分吸收利用的影响

2021~2022年在长江中游地区湖北省武汉市江夏区开展田间试验,研究不同氯化钾施用量对油菜苗期及成熟期生物量、产量和养分吸收分配的影响。试验设置6个氯化钾施用量处理,分别为K_(0)(K_(2)O 0 kg/hm^(2))、K_(30)(K_(2)O30 kg/hm^(2))、K_(60)(K_(2)O 60 kg/hm^(2))、K_(90)(K_(2)O 90 kg/hm^(2))、K_(120)(K_(2)O 120 kg/hm^(2))和K_(150)(K_(2)O 150 kg/hm^(2))。结果表明,在一定范围内,随着钾肥用量的提高,油菜苗期以及成熟期各部位生物量和产量显著增加,其中最高增产量和增产率分别为1199.6 kg/hm^(2)和57.2%。当施钾量超过120 kg/hm^(2)后油菜生物量和产量均不再显著增加。油菜苗期以及成熟期各部位钾含量随着钾肥用量的增加而显著提高,氮含量均无显著变化,但成熟期籽粒中的磷含量随着施钾量的提高而显著增加。钾肥偏生产力随着钾肥用量的提高而显著降低,但钾肥农学利用率、生理利用率、表观利用率以及收获指数均在施钾量为90 kg/hm^(2)时达到最大,随后逐渐减小。经济效益分析表明施钾量为120 kg/hm^(2)时产投比和净收入达到最大,再继续增加钾肥用量经济效益反而会降低,结合线性加平台方程拟合结果该地区实现经济效益最大化的推荐施钾量为114.6 kg/hm^(2)。综上,合理施用钾肥能够显著提升油菜生物量、氮、磷和钾等养分积累量,提升株高、一级分枝数和角果数,实现增产和最大经济效益。

基于无人机多光谱影像的花生氮高效种质资源筛选

氮素利用效率是影响作物产量建成的重要因素,筛选氮高效花生种质资源对于氮高效花生品种选育和机理研究至关重要。利用无人机多光谱影像快速获取花生生物量、氮素累积量,可为氮高效花生种质资源快速、精确鉴定带来新的契机。以22个大田种植的花生品种作为训练群体,利用多光谱无人机采集花生苗期多光谱影像,提取冠层反射率,然后通过构建11个植被指数对训练群体花生的生物量和氮素累积量进行准确测定;以与生物量、氮素累积量显著相关的植被指数为基础,采用逐步回归、K-邻近等算法构建了花生苗期氮效率相关反演模型,利用最优模型预测97个花生品种的生物量和氮累积量,并分析生物量、氮素累积量分别与花生产量的关系;此外,基于预测的苗期生物量、氮累积量分别对97个花生品种进行氮高效初步评价。结果表明,11个植被指数均与生物量、氮累积量显著相关。逐步回归模型估算生物量效果最好,模型验证的决定系数、均方根误差分别为0.63、2.76,为生物量反演最优模型;随机森林模型估算氮累积量效果最好,模型验证的决定系数、均方根误差分别为0.82、0.06,为氮累积量反演最优模型。利用模型预测的花生生物量、氮累积量,将97个花生品种分为氮高效、氮中效、氮低效3类。基于预测的花生生物量,筛选出GN001、GN007等15个氮高效品种;基于预测的花生氮累积量,筛选出GN018、GN037等18个氮高效品种。

磷肥施用量对紫花苜蓿建植当年生物量累积和磷素吸收规律的影响

为探究磷肥施用量对科尔沁沙地紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)生物量累积和磷素吸收规律的影响,选取‘骑士T’苜蓿为供试材料,设置4个施磷梯度,磷肥用量分别为0 kg/hm^(2)(P0)、81 kg/hm^(2)(P1)、162 kg/hm^(2)(P2)和243 kg/hm^(2)(P3),测定苜蓿全生育时期株高、地上生物量和磷素浓度,并计算磷素吸收量,进行综合分析。结果表明:1)苜蓿初花期到盛花期,与不施磷相比,P2和P3处理下株高显著增高(P<0.05),增幅为13.03%~18.64%。2)苜蓿现蕾期到盛花期,P2处理较P0生物量显著增加(P<0.05),分别增加了34.08%、50.21%和63.25%;苜蓿盛花期,与不施磷相比,P2和P3处理下生物量均显著增加(P<0.05),增幅为63.25%和54.21%,且两处理间差异不显著;各施磷处理下生物量的磷肥有效性均在盛花期时最高。3)苜蓿分枝前期到孕蕾期,磷素浓度和磷素吸收量均随磷肥施用量的增加不断增大,且各磷肥处理下苜蓿磷素吸收量的磷肥有效性均在孕蕾期时最高;苜蓿盛花期磷素吸收量随施磷量增加呈先升高后降低趋势,P2处理是拐点。4)随施磷量增加,苜蓿各生育时期磷素利用率和磷素偏生产力均降低。综上所述,在科尔沁沙地,与施磷量81 kg/hm^(2)和243 kg/hm^(2)相比,162 kg/hm^(2)是该地区苜蓿建植适宜施磷量,且孕蕾期和盛花期是磷肥施用关键时期。该研究可为苜蓿生产力提升及磷素营养高效利用提供参考。

不同类型甘蓝型油菜耐迟播生长能力差异分析

利用双季稻、再生稻和迟熟粳稻茬口种植油菜,会遇到播期推迟后营养生长期气温较低,秋冬季发育缓慢的问题,产量因此偏低。为选育耐迟播油菜品种,选择不同熟期类型的48份甘蓝型油菜资源,设计迟播(11月11日)条件下的室外营养液水培和田间直播试验,测定秋冬季的生物量及田间产量等指标,比较其迟播条件下的生长能力。室外营养液水培结果表明:它们的低温生长量存在丰富的遗传变异,移植后30 d、60 d、90 d的生物量积累均与成熟期单株产量显著正相关。早熟、中熟型30 d、90 d生物量显著少于晚熟型;早熟型60 d生物量显著少于晚熟型;晚熟型30 d叶片SPAD值显著大于早熟、中熟型。为选育耐迟播油菜品种,油菜育种上可以在移植后30 d对植株生物量积累能力进行重点选择,以提高育种效率。田间直播结果表明:早熟型单株产量显著低于中熟型。通过比较不同生态类型油菜在迟播条件下的苗期生物量积累规律,为油菜迟播高产栽培和品种选育提供了理论指导。

两种丛枝菌根真菌和黄瓜花叶病毒复合作用对烟草生长和光合特性的影响

为研究丛枝菌根真菌(AM真菌)和黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)的复合作用对烟草生长的影响,在大棚控制试验中,通过设置4个AM真菌处理水平(接种灭菌混合AM真菌、Funneliformis mosseae、Diversispora versiformis和两者混合菌种)和2个CMV处理水平(不接种和接种),从生理生态学角度来研究其调控作用。结果表明:接种CMV显著降低了未接种AM真菌烟草植株的总干重、净光合速率(Pn)和瞬时水分利用效率(WUE);接种AM真菌显著提高烟草植株的菌根侵染率、菌丝酶活性、总干重、Pn和WUE。无论接种CMV与否,AM真菌的菌根效应均为正值且存在菌种间的差异,以D.versiformis的菌根效应最为显著。可见,接种AM真菌对烟草抗CMV能力具有一定的促进作用,增加烟草植株的光合能力可能是AM真菌增强烟草植株抗CMV能力的主要作用机理。

塑化剂对桑树幼苗生物量和氮素积累的影响

【目的】探明桑园中主要塑化剂类型对桑树幼苗生物量及氮积累的影响,为后期评估塑化剂对林木的生态毒理效应提供理论依据。【方法】采用5种外源化学生化试剂(油酸酰胺、芥酸酰胺、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、棕榈油酸甲酯和邻苯二甲酸二甲酯)替代桑园塑化剂,用蒸馏水作对照(CK)进行室内盆栽试验,分析外源添加高浓度(0.05 mol/L)塑化剂对桑树幼苗生物量及氮积累的影响。【结果】棕榈油酸甲酯对桑树地上部生长有显著抑制作用,其桑树幼苗地上部生物量仅为0.56 g/株,比CK降低0.38 g/株,芥酸酰胺会造成桑树幼苗死亡;各塑化剂处理桑树地上部、根部总氮积累量分别为5.08~7.88 mg/株和4.65~7.73 mg/株,地上部、根部铵态氮积累量分别为0.81~32.02μg/株和9.75~20.99μg/株,地上部硝态氮积累量为54.52~106.89μg/株,均显著低于CK;各塑化剂处理桑树幼苗根部硝态氮积累量为7.38~15.5μg/株,均显著高于CK。【结论】5种塑化剂对桑树生物量和氮素积累有抑制作用,其中,芥酸酰胺施用直接造成桑树幼苗死亡,而邻苯二甲酸二丁酯对桑树地上部硝态氮积累抑制性最强。

缓释肥对白枪杆幼苗生物量和养分积累的影响

为探究4种缓释肥用量对白枪杆(Fraxinus malacophylla)幼苗氮磷钾(N、P、K)化学计量比与生物量的影响,筛选适宜苗木生长最优施肥量。以1年生白枪杆幼苗为研究对象,设置4种施肥量(0、1、2、4 kg·m^(-3)),不施肥(CK)为对照,对各器官生物量、生长量及N、P、K含量进行测定,并计算N、P、K积累量;对生物量及N、P、K进行曲线拟合,分析各器官N、P、K积累量及化学计量比与生物量之间的关系。结果表明:白枪杆幼苗养分积累及生物量均在缓释肥用量为1 kg·m^(-3)下效果最佳,且显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。各器官生物量及N、P、K积累量均表现为叶>根>茎,各器官及单株养分积累量均表现为N>K>P。各器官及单株N、P、K积累量与白枪杆幼苗生物量呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),N∶P、K∶P与生物量呈负相关,而N∶K与生物量呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。白枪杆幼苗各器官N∶P值均小于14,植物生长受N元素限制,N∶K<2.10、K∶P>3.40,植物生长不受K影响。综上所述:缓释肥用量为1 kg·m^(-3)时,有利于白枪杆幼苗的生长及各器官养分含量的积累。

新疆云杉蓄积与地上生物量模型拟合分析

目的:建立新疆云杉蓄积及地上生物量模型,为在林分尺度上估算云杉碳储量及生产力提供基础数据。方法:利用收获法采集西伯利亚云杉(Picea obovata)与雪岭云杉(Picea schrenkiana)各50株,以蓄积为自变量,地上生物量为因变量,采用4种生物量模型进行回归分析构建模型,综合模型评价、参数估计值的稳定性及相对误差筛选出最优生物量模型。结果:确定W=0.515V0.926(R2=0.980)为西伯利亚云杉估测模型,W=0.541V0.953(R2=0.954)为雪岭云杉估测模型。结论:新疆云杉蓄积和地上生物量极显著相关,4种估测模型以幂函数拟合效果最优。