Investigation and observation were made on bionomics and occurrence regulation of Phigalia djakonovi Moltrecht, which is a major pest of white birch, in Daxing’an Mountain forest area of lnner Mongolia during 1997 to...Investigation and observation were made on bionomics and occurrence regulation of Phigalia djakonovi Moltrecht, which is a major pest of white birch, in Daxing’an Mountain forest area of lnner Mongolia during 1997 to 1999. The pest has one generation per year and overwinters as pupae in the soil in this area.Development, bionomics and outbreak of the pest are closely related with the food and environment conditions.展开更多
The life circle and bionomics ofLymantria dispar was studied from the May to the July of 1997 in Tulihe Forestry Enterprise of Inner Mongolia. The results showed thatL. dispar has one generation in a year, larvae over...The life circle and bionomics ofLymantria dispar was studied from the May to the July of 1997 in Tulihe Forestry Enterprise of Inner Mongolia. The results showed thatL. dispar has one generation in a year, larvae overwinters in eggs, and last 50 days to grow up. From the completing of larvae period to the appearing of adults lasts 11 days. The study made a basis for the period forecasting of L.dispar in Inner Mongolia.展开更多
Observations on life cycle, habits and characteristics ofBiston betularia (L.), which is a major pest infecting birch, were made in Daxing’an Mountain forest area, Heilongjiang Province during 1997–1998. In this are...Observations on life cycle, habits and characteristics ofBiston betularia (L.), which is a major pest infecting birch, were made in Daxing’an Mountain forest area, Heilongjiang Province during 1997–1998. In this area, the pest has one generation per year and overwinters as eggs in cracks of the lower part of stem. Adults emerge from mid-July to late August, and the damage of larvae occurs mainly in May and June. Life cycle table ofBiston betularia was given and control suggestions were made in this paper.展开更多
The efficacy of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) is increasingly compromised by the prevalence of malaria vectors resistant to pyrethroids. In response to this issue, a new generation of ITNs has been developed that in...The efficacy of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) is increasingly compromised by the prevalence of malaria vectors resistant to pyrethroids. In response to this issue, a new generation of ITNs has been developed that incorporate synergistic components, such as piperonyl butoxide (PBO). The purpose of this study is to provide entomological evidence for the efficacy of a PBO-based ITN brand at the village level, serving as a basis for decision-making before large-scale net deployment. During the high malaria transmission period, ITNs were distributed in each group and vector sampling was conducted biweekly in selected households. Bionomic data were collected to assess the resistance of wild An. gambiae populations to various chemical insecticides. There was a significant disparity in total An. gambiae sl. collected between the ITN arms, the intervention arm (ITN arms), and the control arm (P = 0.003). An. coluzzi was identified as the predominant species in the study area, as confirmed by PCR analysis. Analysis of the blood-feeding inhibition rate revealed that 100% permethrin + PBO ITN exhibited significantly greater inhibition than 66.81% permethrin only ITN. According to the log-time probit regression analysis, permethrin exhibited a knockdown time of 256 min without synergists, while it decreased to 139 min (P = 0.001) when pre-exposed to PBO. The evidence from this trial supports the use of PBO ITNs over standard ITNs for pyrethroids to combat pyrethroid resistance and improve protection against malaria for both individuals and communities, particularly in areas with high pyrethroid resistance.展开更多
To establish a better method of primary culture for alveolar epithelial type Ⅱ cells (AEC Ⅱ ) and to study its bionomics, alveolar epithelial type Ⅱ cells were isolated by digestion with trypsin and collagenase, ...To establish a better method of primary culture for alveolar epithelial type Ⅱ cells (AEC Ⅱ ) and to study its bionomics, alveolar epithelial type Ⅱ cells were isolated by digestion with trypsin and collagenase, which were then purified by plated into culture flask coated with rat immunoglobulin (i The purified AEC Ⅱ were identified by alkaline phosphatase staining, electron mi- croscopy, immunocytochemical staining of pulmonary surfactant protein A (SPA). The SPA expression and transfection characteristics were compared with those of A549 cell line. The results showed that AEC Ⅱ could be isolated by digestion with trysin and collagenase and purified by adhesive purification by using IgG, with a yield of about 2-3 × 10^7, and a purity of about 75%-84 %. Cells could be quickly identified with AKP staining. AEC Ⅱ were different from A549 cell line in terms of SPA expression and transfection characteristics. It is concluded that adhesive purification with IgG can improve the purity of AEC Ⅱ, and AKP staining is simple in cell identification. AEC Ⅱ can not be completely replaced by A549 cells in some studies because the differences between them, such as SPA expression.展开更多
The black inch worm, Hyposidra talaca (Walker) (Geometridae: Lepidoptera) has earned considerable importance as a defoliator during last decade in north east India. Characteristic features of H. talaca, Such as s...The black inch worm, Hyposidra talaca (Walker) (Geometridae: Lepidoptera) has earned considerable importance as a defoliator during last decade in north east India. Characteristic features of H. talaca, Such as switching from wild plants to Camellia sinensis, and completion of 6-8 generations in a year without winter diapause appear to be the major reasons for persistence of the defoliator on C. sinensis. There are reports on the aggressive infestation of the pest on C. sinensis than on alternate host plants and development of high tolerance^resistance to certain insecticides. Till date, more than one hundred alternate host plants have been recorded for H. talaca, but with very few natural enemies. To manage this pest chemically, synthetic pesticides are widely used. Integrated management is recently being encouraged wherein cultural, mechanical, physical, biological and chemical methods have been contemplated. This review collates the work and literature on the ecology of H. talaca and offers an analysis of the problems encountered in managing the defoliator in tea plantations. Further, future directions for better management of H. talaca are suggested.展开更多
In this paper, we propose and analyze a mathematical model to study the dynamics of a fishery resource system with stage structure in an aquatic environment that consists of two zones namely unreserved zone (fishing p...In this paper, we propose and analyze a mathematical model to study the dynamics of a fishery resource system with stage structure in an aquatic environment that consists of two zones namely unreserved zone (fishing permitted) and reserved zone (fishing is strictly prohibited). In this model we introduce a stage structure in which predators are split into two kinds as immature predators and mature predators. It is assumed that immature predators cannot catch the prey and their foods are given by their parents (mature predators). It is also assumed that the fishing of immature predators prohibited in the unreserved zone and predator species are not allowed to enter inside the reserved zone. The local and global stability analysis has been specified. Biological and Bionomical equilibriums of the system are derived. Mathematical formulation of the optimal harvesting policy is given and its solution is derived in the equilibrium case by using Pontryagin’s maximum principle.展开更多
The biological charchtiristics of the assassin bug Isyndus reticulatus Stal,1868(Hemiptera:Heteroptera:Reduviidae:Harpactorinae),especially its life history are provided in detail.And the assassin bug is redescri...The biological charchtiristics of the assassin bug Isyndus reticulatus Stal,1868(Hemiptera:Heteroptera:Reduviidae:Harpactorinae),especially its life history are provided in detail.And the assassin bug is redescribed here.展开更多
New offspring due to sexual reproduction is not an instantaneous process from its birth,it takes time to be sexually mature.On the other hand,harvesting of commercially profitable fish population before the perfect si...New offspring due to sexual reproduction is not an instantaneous process from its birth,it takes time to be sexually mature.On the other hand,harvesting of commercially profitable fish population before the perfect size or weight is reached is not only a commercial loss but also risks the extinction of the population.Now,we discuss the issue of Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna basin,northern Bay of Bengal for the age-selective harvesting of Hilsa shad(Tenualosa ilisha)which lays eggs after its sexual maturation.Harvesting of hilsa before its sexual maturation risks its extinction and due to lamer body weight,it is not a commercially profitable policy.This is a reality of Sundarban estuary for hilsa fish harvesting,therefore,biologically and economically both India and Bangladesh are facing several problems.Empirical data of Frasergunje Fishing Harbor shows a clear picture as the supporting document of this mathematical problem.展开更多
文摘Investigation and observation were made on bionomics and occurrence regulation of Phigalia djakonovi Moltrecht, which is a major pest of white birch, in Daxing’an Mountain forest area of lnner Mongolia during 1997 to 1999. The pest has one generation per year and overwinters as pupae in the soil in this area.Development, bionomics and outbreak of the pest are closely related with the food and environment conditions.
文摘The life circle and bionomics ofLymantria dispar was studied from the May to the July of 1997 in Tulihe Forestry Enterprise of Inner Mongolia. The results showed thatL. dispar has one generation in a year, larvae overwinters in eggs, and last 50 days to grow up. From the completing of larvae period to the appearing of adults lasts 11 days. The study made a basis for the period forecasting of L.dispar in Inner Mongolia.
文摘Observations on life cycle, habits and characteristics ofBiston betularia (L.), which is a major pest infecting birch, were made in Daxing’an Mountain forest area, Heilongjiang Province during 1997–1998. In this area, the pest has one generation per year and overwinters as eggs in cracks of the lower part of stem. Adults emerge from mid-July to late August, and the damage of larvae occurs mainly in May and June. Life cycle table ofBiston betularia was given and control suggestions were made in this paper.
文摘The efficacy of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) is increasingly compromised by the prevalence of malaria vectors resistant to pyrethroids. In response to this issue, a new generation of ITNs has been developed that incorporate synergistic components, such as piperonyl butoxide (PBO). The purpose of this study is to provide entomological evidence for the efficacy of a PBO-based ITN brand at the village level, serving as a basis for decision-making before large-scale net deployment. During the high malaria transmission period, ITNs were distributed in each group and vector sampling was conducted biweekly in selected households. Bionomic data were collected to assess the resistance of wild An. gambiae populations to various chemical insecticides. There was a significant disparity in total An. gambiae sl. collected between the ITN arms, the intervention arm (ITN arms), and the control arm (P = 0.003). An. coluzzi was identified as the predominant species in the study area, as confirmed by PCR analysis. Analysis of the blood-feeding inhibition rate revealed that 100% permethrin + PBO ITN exhibited significantly greater inhibition than 66.81% permethrin only ITN. According to the log-time probit regression analysis, permethrin exhibited a knockdown time of 256 min without synergists, while it decreased to 139 min (P = 0.001) when pre-exposed to PBO. The evidence from this trial supports the use of PBO ITNs over standard ITNs for pyrethroids to combat pyrethroid resistance and improve protection against malaria for both individuals and communities, particularly in areas with high pyrethroid resistance.
基金the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (No. 30500224 and No. 30400193).
文摘To establish a better method of primary culture for alveolar epithelial type Ⅱ cells (AEC Ⅱ ) and to study its bionomics, alveolar epithelial type Ⅱ cells were isolated by digestion with trypsin and collagenase, which were then purified by plated into culture flask coated with rat immunoglobulin (i The purified AEC Ⅱ were identified by alkaline phosphatase staining, electron mi- croscopy, immunocytochemical staining of pulmonary surfactant protein A (SPA). The SPA expression and transfection characteristics were compared with those of A549 cell line. The results showed that AEC Ⅱ could be isolated by digestion with trysin and collagenase and purified by adhesive purification by using IgG, with a yield of about 2-3 × 10^7, and a purity of about 75%-84 %. Cells could be quickly identified with AKP staining. AEC Ⅱ were different from A549 cell line in terms of SPA expression and transfection characteristics. It is concluded that adhesive purification with IgG can improve the purity of AEC Ⅱ, and AKP staining is simple in cell identification. AEC Ⅱ can not be completely replaced by A549 cells in some studies because the differences between them, such as SPA expression.
基金The authors extend their gratitude to the National Tea Research Foundation (NTRF), Tea Board, Government of India for extending their support on integrated management of Hyposidra talaca in tea plantations in project mode.
文摘The black inch worm, Hyposidra talaca (Walker) (Geometridae: Lepidoptera) has earned considerable importance as a defoliator during last decade in north east India. Characteristic features of H. talaca, Such as switching from wild plants to Camellia sinensis, and completion of 6-8 generations in a year without winter diapause appear to be the major reasons for persistence of the defoliator on C. sinensis. There are reports on the aggressive infestation of the pest on C. sinensis than on alternate host plants and development of high tolerance^resistance to certain insecticides. Till date, more than one hundred alternate host plants have been recorded for H. talaca, but with very few natural enemies. To manage this pest chemically, synthetic pesticides are widely used. Integrated management is recently being encouraged wherein cultural, mechanical, physical, biological and chemical methods have been contemplated. This review collates the work and literature on the ecology of H. talaca and offers an analysis of the problems encountered in managing the defoliator in tea plantations. Further, future directions for better management of H. talaca are suggested.
文摘In this paper, we propose and analyze a mathematical model to study the dynamics of a fishery resource system with stage structure in an aquatic environment that consists of two zones namely unreserved zone (fishing permitted) and reserved zone (fishing is strictly prohibited). In this model we introduce a stage structure in which predators are split into two kinds as immature predators and mature predators. It is assumed that immature predators cannot catch the prey and their foods are given by their parents (mature predators). It is also assumed that the fishing of immature predators prohibited in the unreserved zone and predator species are not allowed to enter inside the reserved zone. The local and global stability analysis has been specified. Biological and Bionomical equilibriums of the system are derived. Mathematical formulation of the optimal harvesting policy is given and its solution is derived in the equilibrium case by using Pontryagin’s maximum principle.
基金supported by grants the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31420103902)
文摘The biological charchtiristics of the assassin bug Isyndus reticulatus Stal,1868(Hemiptera:Heteroptera:Reduviidae:Harpactorinae),especially its life history are provided in detail.And the assassin bug is redescribed here.
文摘New offspring due to sexual reproduction is not an instantaneous process from its birth,it takes time to be sexually mature.On the other hand,harvesting of commercially profitable fish population before the perfect size or weight is reached is not only a commercial loss but also risks the extinction of the population.Now,we discuss the issue of Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna basin,northern Bay of Bengal for the age-selective harvesting of Hilsa shad(Tenualosa ilisha)which lays eggs after its sexual maturation.Harvesting of hilsa before its sexual maturation risks its extinction and due to lamer body weight,it is not a commercially profitable policy.This is a reality of Sundarban estuary for hilsa fish harvesting,therefore,biologically and economically both India and Bangladesh are facing several problems.Empirical data of Frasergunje Fishing Harbor shows a clear picture as the supporting document of this mathematical problem.