In 2016,I published a bird song key to the Pipeline Road area in and adjacent to Soberanía National Park,Panama[1].This key is,to my knowledge,the largest bird song key in the world.Since the key was published,Ru...In 2016,I published a bird song key to the Pipeline Road area in and adjacent to Soberanía National Park,Panama[1].This key is,to my knowledge,the largest bird song key in the world.Since the key was published,Rufous-breasted Wren(Pheugopedius rutilus;Figure 1)and Rufous-and-white Wren(Thryophilus rufalbus;Figure 2)have moved into the area.This addendum adds three songs of Rufous-breasted Wren and three songs Rufous-and-white Wren to the key,thereby increasing the key’s song total to 327 and its species total to 218.展开更多
We analyzed the songs of the Asian Stubtail (Urosphena squameiceps),a migratory passerine that breeds in northeast Asia.The possibility of individual identification of this species by songs was examined in a populatio...We analyzed the songs of the Asian Stubtail (Urosphena squameiceps),a migratory passerine that breeds in northeast Asia.The possibility of individual identification of this species by songs was examined in a population in northern China during the breeding season of 2010.Individuality was determined using discriminant function analysis,artificial neural networks and spectrographic cross-correlation.Our results show that,the rate of correct classification is satisfactory in this species,regardless of methods.From an applied perspective,spectrographic cross-correlation is most suitable.Besides its maximum rate of correct classification (89.4％),it does not require measurements of spectrograms,which is a necessity other methods and may introduce artificial errors.We hope that our result of individual identification on the basis of acoustic signals may open up a new research venue for this species.展开更多
Background:As one of the most elaborate and diverse sexual signals,bird songs are prominent among mate choice criteria.Females generally prefer mates with larger repertoire size,which promotes the evolution of song co...Background:As one of the most elaborate and diverse sexual signals,bird songs are prominent among mate choice criteria.Females generally prefer mates with larger repertoire size,which promotes the evolution of song complex?ity.However,there are also some songbirds that have far simpler and less diverse vocalizations,which have not been the focus of scientific scrutiny.Most Phylloscopus warblers are accomplished singers with complex songs.In contrast,Hume's Warbler(P.humei) has extremely simple songs.In order to explore the song's function,its evolutionary sig?nificance and particularly to assess its possible relationship with parental investment,we studied mate choice of the subspecies P.h.mandellii in Lianhuashan National Nature Reserve,Gansu,China.Methods:We recorded body measurements and songs of breeding males and then explored their relationships with the date of clutch initiation,reasoning that the characteristics of males that are involved with early nesting activities reflect female mate preferences.We also recorded egg size and body measurements of nestlings to assess the rela?tionship between parental investment and mate choice.Results:We found that male wing and tail lengths were positively correlated with early clutch initiation as were songs characterized by short duration and rapid rise to maximum amplitude.We also found that early?breeding females did not lay large eggs,but produced more surviving young,which grew up faster.Conclusions:Female mate choice criteria in this bird include both visual signals and song characteristics.Our study supports the hypothesis that females may judge male quality from quite subtle differences.In order to reduce the risk of predation,a preference for such inconspicuous male characteristics may be partially driven by high vulnerability of this warbler to predators as a ground?nesting species.展开更多
Background: Birdsong is an important form of communication that plays an important role in territorial defense and mate attraction by conveying valuable information. While body-size and song frequency are often negati...Background: Birdsong is an important form of communication that plays an important role in territorial defense and mate attraction by conveying valuable information. While body-size and song frequency are often negatively correlated among species, this relationship is only found in a few songbirds. Previous studies on the Dusky Warbler (Phylloscopus fuscatus) found that there was a positive correlation between tarsus length and peak frequency. And heavier male Dusky Warblers possess better territories and obtain more opportunities for mating;body condition may be related to reproduction of birds, so females may choose heavier mates or better body condition based on the singing characteristics of males. Methods: We recorded spontaneous song and measured morphology of 33 male Dusky Warblers in Saihanba Forest Farm area between July 5 and August 10, 2015. We chose body weight as an indicator of body size and defined body condition as residuals from a linear regression between body weight and tarsus length. Frist, we used Pearson correlation to analyze whether date and time of day were correlated with weight, and then we used linear regression to analyze whether sound features could indicate the body weight and body condition. We call body weight and body condition the male condition. Results: We found no effect of date and time of day on weight, and we showed a correlation between the male condition and song features in the small songbird, Dusky Warbler. Maximum trill quality and maximum peak frequency of songs were negatively related to male condition;the mean number of syllables of songs and maximum high frequency of songs were positively correlated with body weight and body condition. Conclusions: In the small songbird, Dusky Warbler, four song parameters, including maximum trill quality, mean number of syllables of songs, maximum peak frequency of songs, maximum high frequency of songs, significantly predicted male condition change of which the most important song characteristic for male condition was maximum trill quality. This study suggested that the extreme song features were more constrained by male condition than mean sound characteristics.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to study the effects of sound waves with different types and frequency characteristics on the growth of cowpea（Vigna unguiculata）during seedling stage.[Method] The insect-music mixed sound（M...[Objective] The aim was to study the effects of sound waves with different types and frequency characteristics on the growth of cowpea（Vigna unguiculata）during seedling stage.[Method] The insect-music mixed sound（MI）,cuckoo acoustic song,cricket acoustic song,single 400 Hz frequency sound wave,F5 and Fn sound waves composed of different frequencies were designed to investigate their effects on height and weight of cowpea seedling,and experimental data were statistically analyzed and multiple-compared by EXCEL.[Result] After treatment by sound waves with six different types and frequencies,the growth situations of cowpea were better than that in control.This indicated that sound waves could significantly promote height growth of plant.The treatments with good growth-promotion effect included 400 Hz frequency sound wave,cuckoo acoustic song and cricket acoustic song,followed by MI,Fn and F5.Cuckoo and cricket acoustic song treatment could promote the weight of cowpea seedling during seedling stage.[Conclusion] Sound waves with different types and frequency characteristics had significant growth-promotion effect on growth of cowpea during seedling stage,but their effects were different.展开更多
文摘In 2016,I published a bird song key to the Pipeline Road area in and adjacent to Soberanía National Park,Panama[1].This key is,to my knowledge,the largest bird song key in the world.Since the key was published,Rufous-breasted Wren(Pheugopedius rutilus;Figure 1)and Rufous-and-white Wren(Thryophilus rufalbus;Figure 2)have moved into the area.This addendum adds three songs of Rufous-breasted Wren and three songs Rufous-and-white Wren to the key,thereby increasing the key’s song total to 327 and its species total to 218.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.J0830630/J0106)
文摘We analyzed the songs of the Asian Stubtail (Urosphena squameiceps),a migratory passerine that breeds in northeast Asia.The possibility of individual identification of this species by songs was examined in a population in northern China during the breeding season of 2010.Individuality was determined using discriminant function analysis,artificial neural networks and spectrographic cross-correlation.Our results show that,the rate of correct classification is satisfactory in this species,regardless of methods.From an applied perspective,spectrographic cross-correlation is most suitable.Besides its maximum rate of correct classification (89.4％),it does not require measurements of spectrograms,which is a necessity other methods and may introduce artificial errors.We hope that our result of individual identification on the basis of acoustic signals may open up a new research venue for this species.
基金supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31301886,31272286)
文摘Background:As one of the most elaborate and diverse sexual signals,bird songs are prominent among mate choice criteria.Females generally prefer mates with larger repertoire size,which promotes the evolution of song complex?ity.However,there are also some songbirds that have far simpler and less diverse vocalizations,which have not been the focus of scientific scrutiny.Most Phylloscopus warblers are accomplished singers with complex songs.In contrast,Hume's Warbler(P.humei) has extremely simple songs.In order to explore the song's function,its evolutionary sig?nificance and particularly to assess its possible relationship with parental investment,we studied mate choice of the subspecies P.h.mandellii in Lianhuashan National Nature Reserve,Gansu,China.Methods:We recorded body measurements and songs of breeding males and then explored their relationships with the date of clutch initiation,reasoning that the characteristics of males that are involved with early nesting activities reflect female mate preferences.We also recorded egg size and body measurements of nestlings to assess the rela?tionship between parental investment and mate choice.Results:We found that male wing and tail lengths were positively correlated with early clutch initiation as were songs characterized by short duration and rapid rise to maximum amplitude.We also found that early?breeding females did not lay large eggs,but produced more surviving young,which grew up faster.Conclusions:Female mate choice criteria in this bird include both visual signals and song characteristics.Our study supports the hypothesis that females may judge male quality from quite subtle differences.In order to reduce the risk of predation,a preference for such inconspicuous male characteristics may be partially driven by high vulnerability of this warbler to predators as a ground?nesting species.
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.C2012204087)the Natural Science Research Plan Project of Hebei University(No.2014-299)
文摘Background: Birdsong is an important form of communication that plays an important role in territorial defense and mate attraction by conveying valuable information. While body-size and song frequency are often negatively correlated among species, this relationship is only found in a few songbirds. Previous studies on the Dusky Warbler (Phylloscopus fuscatus) found that there was a positive correlation between tarsus length and peak frequency. And heavier male Dusky Warblers possess better territories and obtain more opportunities for mating;body condition may be related to reproduction of birds, so females may choose heavier mates or better body condition based on the singing characteristics of males. Methods: We recorded spontaneous song and measured morphology of 33 male Dusky Warblers in Saihanba Forest Farm area between July 5 and August 10, 2015. We chose body weight as an indicator of body size and defined body condition as residuals from a linear regression between body weight and tarsus length. Frist, we used Pearson correlation to analyze whether date and time of day were correlated with weight, and then we used linear regression to analyze whether sound features could indicate the body weight and body condition. We call body weight and body condition the male condition. Results: We found no effect of date and time of day on weight, and we showed a correlation between the male condition and song features in the small songbird, Dusky Warbler. Maximum trill quality and maximum peak frequency of songs were negatively related to male condition;the mean number of syllables of songs and maximum high frequency of songs were positively correlated with body weight and body condition. Conclusions: In the small songbird, Dusky Warbler, four song parameters, including maximum trill quality, mean number of syllables of songs, maximum peak frequency of songs, maximum high frequency of songs, significantly predicted male condition change of which the most important song characteristic for male condition was maximum trill quality. This study suggested that the extreme song features were more constrained by male condition than mean sound characteristics.
基金Supported by Major Scientific and Technological Special Projects in Zhejiang Province(2008C12056)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study the effects of sound waves with different types and frequency characteristics on the growth of cowpea（Vigna unguiculata）during seedling stage.[Method] The insect-music mixed sound（MI）,cuckoo acoustic song,cricket acoustic song,single 400 Hz frequency sound wave,F5 and Fn sound waves composed of different frequencies were designed to investigate their effects on height and weight of cowpea seedling,and experimental data were statistically analyzed and multiple-compared by EXCEL.[Result] After treatment by sound waves with six different types and frequencies,the growth situations of cowpea were better than that in control.This indicated that sound waves could significantly promote height growth of plant.The treatments with good growth-promotion effect included 400 Hz frequency sound wave,cuckoo acoustic song and cricket acoustic song,followed by MI,Fn and F5.Cuckoo and cricket acoustic song treatment could promote the weight of cowpea seedling during seedling stage.[Conclusion] Sound waves with different types and frequency characteristics had significant growth-promotion effect on growth of cowpea during seedling stage,but their effects were different.
