Background With rising concerns regarding the effects of red meat on human and environmental health,a growing number of livestock producers are exploring ways to improve production systems.A promising avenue includes ...Background With rising concerns regarding the effects of red meat on human and environmental health,a growing number of livestock producers are exploring ways to improve production systems.A promising avenue includes agro-ecological practices such as rotational grazing of locally adapted ruminants.Additionally,growing consumer interest in pasture-finished meat(i.e.,grass-fed)has raised questions about its nutritional composition.Thus,the goal of this study was to determine the impact of two common finishing systems in North American bison—pasture-finished or pen-finished on concentrates for 146 d—on metabolomic,lipidomic,and fatty acid profiles of striploins(M.longissimus lumborum).Results Six hundred and seventy-one(671)out of 1570 profiled compounds(43%)differed between pasture-and penfinished conditions(n=20 animals per group)(all,P<0.05).Relative to pasture-finished animals,the muscle of pen-finished animals displayed elevated glucose metabolites(~1.6-fold),triglycerides(~2-fold),markers of oxidative stress(~1.5-fold),and proteolysis(~1.2-fold).In contrast,pasture-finished animals displayed improved mitochondrial(~1.3-fold higher levels of various Krebs cycle metabolites)and carnitine metabolism(~3-fold higher levels of long-chain acyl carnitines)(all P<0.05).Pasture-finishing also concentrated higher levels of phenolics(~2.3-fold),alpha-tocopherol(~5.8-fold),carotene(~2.0-fold),and very long-chain fatty acids(~1.3-fold)in their meat,while having lower levels of a common advanced lipoxidation(4-hydroxy-nonenal-glutathione;~2-fold)and glycation end-product(N6-carboxymethyllysine;~1.7-fold)(all P<0.05).In contrast,vitamins B5,B6,and C,gamma/beta-tocopherol,and three phenolics commonly found in alfalfa were~2.5-fold higher in pen-finished animals(all P<0.05);suggesting some concentrate feeding,or grazing plants rich in those compounds,may be beneficial.Conclusions Pasture-finishing(i.e.,grass-fed)broadly improves bison metabolic health and accumulates additional potential health-promoting compounds in their meat compared to concentrate finishing in confinement(i.e.,pen-finished).Our data,however,does not indicate that meat from pen-finished bison is therefore unhealthy.The studied bison meat—irrespective of finishing practice—contained favorable omega 6:3 ratios(<3.2),and amino acid and vitamin profiles.Our study represents one of the deepest meat profiling studies to date(>1500 unique compounds),having revealed previously unrecognized differences in animal metabolic health and nutritional composition because of finishing mode.Whether observed nutritional differences have an appreciable effect on human health remains to be determined.展开更多
“Indigenous vaccine” developed from native “Indian Bison Type” strain (“S5”) of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) of “goat origin” was first time evaluated in a sheep flock of Bharat Merino...“Indigenous vaccine” developed from native “Indian Bison Type” strain (“S5”) of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) of “goat origin” was first time evaluated in a sheep flock of Bharat Merino breed located in Mannavanur town of Tamil Nadu in South India. Therapeutic efficacy of the vaccine was evaluated for 3 years between 2008 and 2010, on the basis of improvements in productivity (body weights, reproductive efficiency and survivability), physical condition, clinical symptoms (weakness, diarrhea, wool quality), immune response (sero-conversion) and infection load in feces (shedding). After immunization of the flock in 2008, the successive progenies of 112 and 53 lambs born in 2009 and 2010, respectively were vaccinated. Whereas, 40 lambs born to control animals were kept as unvaccinated controls. Though gain in body weights in vaccinated versus controls were not significant in 2008, growth rates were distinctly superior in Ist and IInd generations of vaccinated lambs. Reproductive performance (tupping percent) and survivability of lambs and adult sheep improved significantly. There was overall reduction in yearly morbidity (diarrhea) and mortality rates of the flock in post vaccination years. Shedding of MAP in feces was reduced in vaccinated sheep by 6.2%, 14.3% and 27.3% in 2008, 2009 and 2010 respectively, whereas shedding increased in the control sheep. Seromonitoring of the animals by “indigenous ELISA kit” showed enhanced “flock immunity” in successive generations. “Indigenous vaccine” reduced clinical disease and shedding and improved immunity and productivity of Bharat Merino flock, endemic for Johne’s disease.展开更多
The frozen bodies of a young woolly mammoth(Mammuthus primigenius),a wild horse(Equus sp.)and a steppe bison(Bison priscus)were recently found in the northern Yakutia(northeastern Siberia).All specimens have preserved...The frozen bodies of a young woolly mammoth(Mammuthus primigenius),a wild horse(Equus sp.)and a steppe bison(Bison priscus)were recently found in the northern Yakutia(northeastern Siberia).All specimens have preserved bones,skin and soft tissues.Whereas the woolly mammoth and the Pleistocene horse were represented by partial frozen bodies,the steppe bison body was recovered in an absolutely complete state.All specimens were found frozen in the permafrost,with some of the tissues mummified.The wild horse and steppe bison are of Holocene age,and the mammoth is of Late Pleistocene age.展开更多
A total of 175 metapodials(MP)of Pleistocene and early Holocene bison(Bison priscus Boj.)from the vast area of northeast Russia were studied.MP were attributed to males and females both visually and statistically.Data...A total of 175 metapodials(MP)of Pleistocene and early Holocene bison(Bison priscus Boj.)from the vast area of northeast Russia were studied.MP were attributed to males and females both visually and statistically.Data on the withers height of bison from northeast Russia are provided.Stress markers were recorded,including so-called“buttresses.”With rare exceptions,stress markers were not of a pathological nature.The origin and development of the buttresses are age-related;their prevalence in bison females can be considered as the response to an increased load during pregnancy.Changes in the periosteum,found in males,are related to their greater activity.Buttresses are also well developed on metatarsals of the red deer and the elk;they are less developed in reindeer and not found in giant deer.A relationship among stress markers,locomotion and the environment is established.Possible peculiarities of the Rauchua River bison locomotion are discussed.展开更多
基金supported by the Turner Institute of Ecoagriculturesupported by an AFRI Post-Doctoral Fellowship[grant no.2021-67034-35118/project accession no.1026420]from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture during project performance。
文摘Background With rising concerns regarding the effects of red meat on human and environmental health,a growing number of livestock producers are exploring ways to improve production systems.A promising avenue includes agro-ecological practices such as rotational grazing of locally adapted ruminants.Additionally,growing consumer interest in pasture-finished meat(i.e.,grass-fed)has raised questions about its nutritional composition.Thus,the goal of this study was to determine the impact of two common finishing systems in North American bison—pasture-finished or pen-finished on concentrates for 146 d—on metabolomic,lipidomic,and fatty acid profiles of striploins(M.longissimus lumborum).Results Six hundred and seventy-one(671)out of 1570 profiled compounds(43%)differed between pasture-and penfinished conditions(n=20 animals per group)(all,P<0.05).Relative to pasture-finished animals,the muscle of pen-finished animals displayed elevated glucose metabolites(~1.6-fold),triglycerides(~2-fold),markers of oxidative stress(~1.5-fold),and proteolysis(~1.2-fold).In contrast,pasture-finished animals displayed improved mitochondrial(~1.3-fold higher levels of various Krebs cycle metabolites)and carnitine metabolism(~3-fold higher levels of long-chain acyl carnitines)(all P<0.05).Pasture-finishing also concentrated higher levels of phenolics(~2.3-fold),alpha-tocopherol(~5.8-fold),carotene(~2.0-fold),and very long-chain fatty acids(~1.3-fold)in their meat,while having lower levels of a common advanced lipoxidation(4-hydroxy-nonenal-glutathione;~2-fold)and glycation end-product(N6-carboxymethyllysine;~1.7-fold)(all P<0.05).In contrast,vitamins B5,B6,and C,gamma/beta-tocopherol,and three phenolics commonly found in alfalfa were~2.5-fold higher in pen-finished animals(all P<0.05);suggesting some concentrate feeding,or grazing plants rich in those compounds,may be beneficial.Conclusions Pasture-finishing(i.e.,grass-fed)broadly improves bison metabolic health and accumulates additional potential health-promoting compounds in their meat compared to concentrate finishing in confinement(i.e.,pen-finished).Our data,however,does not indicate that meat from pen-finished bison is therefore unhealthy.The studied bison meat—irrespective of finishing practice—contained favorable omega 6:3 ratios(<3.2),and amino acid and vitamin profiles.Our study represents one of the deepest meat profiling studies to date(>1500 unique compounds),having revealed previously unrecognized differences in animal metabolic health and nutritional composition because of finishing mode.Whether observed nutritional differences have an appreciable effect on human health remains to be determined.
文摘“Indigenous vaccine” developed from native “Indian Bison Type” strain (“S5”) of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) of “goat origin” was first time evaluated in a sheep flock of Bharat Merino breed located in Mannavanur town of Tamil Nadu in South India. Therapeutic efficacy of the vaccine was evaluated for 3 years between 2008 and 2010, on the basis of improvements in productivity (body weights, reproductive efficiency and survivability), physical condition, clinical symptoms (weakness, diarrhea, wool quality), immune response (sero-conversion) and infection load in feces (shedding). After immunization of the flock in 2008, the successive progenies of 112 and 53 lambs born in 2009 and 2010, respectively were vaccinated. Whereas, 40 lambs born to control animals were kept as unvaccinated controls. Though gain in body weights in vaccinated versus controls were not significant in 2008, growth rates were distinctly superior in Ist and IInd generations of vaccinated lambs. Reproductive performance (tupping percent) and survivability of lambs and adult sheep improved significantly. There was overall reduction in yearly morbidity (diarrhea) and mortality rates of the flock in post vaccination years. Shedding of MAP in feces was reduced in vaccinated sheep by 6.2%, 14.3% and 27.3% in 2008, 2009 and 2010 respectively, whereas shedding increased in the control sheep. Seromonitoring of the animals by “indigenous ELISA kit” showed enhanced “flock immunity” in successive generations. “Indigenous vaccine” reduced clinical disease and shedding and improved immunity and productivity of Bharat Merino flock, endemic for Johne’s disease.
基金The authors are grateful to the late Vasiliy Gorokhov,the head of the tribal community‘Yukagir’(who passed away in Nov 2012),and to the Yukagir community for allowing us to borrow the specimens for this study in Yakutsk,Russia.The Scientific Research Institute of Applied Ecology of the North of Northeastern Federal University,Yakutsk and Bernard Buigues(Saint-Jean de Lus,France)helped with the logistics and provided funds for the specimens to be transported to Yakutsk in 2012.
文摘The frozen bodies of a young woolly mammoth(Mammuthus primigenius),a wild horse(Equus sp.)and a steppe bison(Bison priscus)were recently found in the northern Yakutia(northeastern Siberia).All specimens have preserved bones,skin and soft tissues.Whereas the woolly mammoth and the Pleistocene horse were represented by partial frozen bodies,the steppe bison body was recovered in an absolutely complete state.All specimens were found frozen in the permafrost,with some of the tissues mummified.The wild horse and steppe bison are of Holocene age,and the mammoth is of Late Pleistocene age.
文摘A total of 175 metapodials(MP)of Pleistocene and early Holocene bison(Bison priscus Boj.)from the vast area of northeast Russia were studied.MP were attributed to males and females both visually and statistically.Data on the withers height of bison from northeast Russia are provided.Stress markers were recorded,including so-called“buttresses.”With rare exceptions,stress markers were not of a pathological nature.The origin and development of the buttresses are age-related;their prevalence in bison females can be considered as the response to an increased load during pregnancy.Changes in the periosteum,found in males,are related to their greater activity.Buttresses are also well developed on metatarsals of the red deer and the elk;they are less developed in reindeer and not found in giant deer.A relationship among stress markers,locomotion and the environment is established.Possible peculiarities of the Rauchua River bison locomotion are discussed.
