Application progresses of ultrasound for snakebites and relative complications

Snakebite has become a serious public health problem with high mortality and disability rates.Ultrasound can provide imaging basis for diagnosis and treatment of snakebites and relative complications.The application progresses of ultrasound in snakebites and complications were reviewed in this article.

A 10-year review and epidemiology of animal bite cases in Gerash city, south of Iran: A retrospective cross-sectional study

Objective:To determine the temporal trend and epidemiology of animal bite cases in Gerash City,Iran.Methods:This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed 630 cases of people with animal bites between 2011 and 2021 in Gerash City.The collected data were analyzed using Chi-square test.Results:The mean age of victims was(30.9±17.5)years.80.54%Of victims were male,39.70%were self-employed,and 64.60%were adults(≥18 years).Most cases of bites occurred in 2019(91 cases),2020(74 cases)and 2021(87 cases),and most of the bites were related to the upper limbs(62.70%).Most of the wounds were superficial(78%),most of the biting animals were domestic animals(91.74%),and most of the victims had Iranian nationality(97.62%).Conclusions:Given the increasing trend of animal bites in Gerash City,health authorities should carry out basic measures such as education and awareness among the public,especially at-risk groups such as adult males.Additionally,since most cases of bites are due to dogs,it seems necessary to plan for vaccination of dogs,especially those with owners.

Spatial analysis of animal bites in Iran(2015-2020):A cross-sectional study

Objective:To investigate the distribution pattern of animal bites in Mirjaveh,Iran from 2015 to 2020.Methods:The data on animal bites were collected from the Department of Infectious Diseases,the provincial health center.Monthly climatic data on precipitation and temperature during the study period were also collected.The correlation between incidence and temperature,precipitation rate,land type,and altitude was also analyzed.Results:The results showed that men were more affected by animal bites than women(76.4%,P<0.001),and the highest incidence rate occurred in the age group of 5-19 years.The incidence rate of animal bites was found to be correlated with temperature and altitude.An increase in temperature was associated with a rise in the incidence rate of animal bites.The number of animal bites increased until 2019,possibly due to an increase in the number of dogs in the area.Conclusions:Targeted interventions should be implemented to reduce the incidence of animal bites,particularly among children,housewives,and students.Improving access to appropriate treatments,increasing public awareness of the hazards of animal bites,and increasing the number of vaccinated dogs in the area are essential strategies to be considered.

Classification and a decade-long follow-up of rat bite injuries in the nasal region

Background:Nasal defects due to rat bites are frequently encountered in rural regions of China.In addition to serving as disease vectors,rats can also inflict bite injuries.In this study,we delineated the characteristics of rat bite injuries in the nasal region and discussed the clinical features observed during a 10-year follow-up period.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed hospital records for patients admitted due to rat bites.This study outlines the demographics,clinical features,and follow-up outcomes supported by comprehensive photo documentation of the patients’progress.Results:Twenty-five patients,with a mean age of 29 years,were admitted due to rat bites.Treatment was provided for three distinct types of injuries:nasal tip defect(type Ⅰ),nasal defect(type Ⅱ),and full-thickness nasal defect with loss of surrounding tissues(type Ⅲ).All patients recovered fully.Conclusions:The treatment for rat bites should be based on the wound type.The long-term follow-up outcomes are more favorable when fewer subunits of the nose affected.We recommend early surgical intervention,along with psychological therapy,to prevent interference with growth and development.

Osteoarticular Lesions of the Shoulder Girdle by Hippopotamus Bite: Highly Septic Lesion

Hippopotamus bites are rare in medical consultations, despite several studies exposing their aggressive character. A case of a hippopotamus bite on the shoulder of a fisherman has been reported. In addition to the osteoarticular aspect representing a therapeutic problem, the infectious aspect was marked by sepsis, with a death in less than 48 hours. Based on this observation, a protocol for the initial management of large animal bites was submitted.

Root Resorption in Anterior Open Bite Malocclusions Due to Vertical Correction: A Radiometric Pilot Study

Introduction: One of the most common risks of fixed orthodontic therapy is the evidence of root resorption post orthodontic treatment ranging from mild root blunting to severe root resorption of significant portions of the root structure. The etiology of apical root resorption is multifactorial but largely depends upon the type of orthodontic tooth movement and treatment duration. Study Objective: The primary aim of this study is to examine the association of external apical root resorption and vertical correction in anterior open bite malocclusions using panoramic radiographs for evaluation. Materials and Methods: Pre-treatment and post-treatment panoramic radiographs of 16 patients with anterior open bite malocclusions were scored to assess root resorption of anterior teeth (U/L 3-3). Initial and final root length and total tooth length for U/L 3-3 were measured on panoramic radiographs in Dolphin imaging. Results: Of the 24 pairs of measurements, 7 had a significant p-value (p Conclusions: A statistically significant amount of root resorption was observed, from pre-treatment to post-treatment radiographs. All mandibular anterior teeth except the mandibular right lateral incisors showed evidence of root resorption.

Incidence rate of animal bites in southern Iran during 2015-2019 using Cochrane-Armitage trend test

Objective:To investigate the trend of animal bites in southern Iran from 2015 to 2019.Methods:This is a cross-sectional study of patients with animal bites who were referred to the Center for Disease Control in the three cities of Larestan,Evaz,and Khonj in Fars province,southern Iran from 2015 to 2019.The trend of animal bites incidence was analyzed using the Cochran-Armitage trend test.Results:In total,from 2015 to 2019,1944 cases of animal bites were reported.A total of 79.8%of the cases were men.The overall average incidence of animal bites was 142.93 per 100000 people.The incidence of animal bites was significantly increased(Ptrend<0.001).The highest incidence was in November(79.04 per 100000 people)followed by January(76.1 per 100000 people)and February(69.48 per 100000 people);also,the lowest incidence was in August(47.42 per 100000 people)and July(50.0 per 100000 people).Conclusions:The incidence of animal bites has significantly increased.Given the importance of rabies,control and management of animal bites should be emphasized and considered.

Epidemiology of animal bite injuries in North of Fars province in Iran

Objective:To investigate the epidemiological situation of animal bites in Rostam city of Fars province.Methods:This is a cross-sectional study.Cases of animal bites registered in health centers of Rostam city of Fars province from the beginning of 2014 to 2020 were analyzed using the census method.The tool for collecting information was the portal of the Ministry of Health and the registration offices of people who were referred to the rabies center.Results:A total of 628 cases of animal bites registered in health centers of Rostam city of Fars province from the beginning of 2014 to 2020.The mean age of the injured was(31.3±20.2)years.Of the total injured cases,414(65.9%)were male,and 491(78.2%)lived in villages.Most of the cases were bitten by dogs(n=420,66.8%)and the upper limb was involved in 280(55.2%)cases.In addition,an increasing trend was observed in the incidence of animal bites from 2015 to 2020.Conclusions:The incidence of animal bites in Rostam City is high,and most of the cases occur in rural areas.Considering the injuries caused by animal bites,the risk of rabies transmission,and the high costs of vaccination and serum therapy,it is necessary to hold control,educational,and vaccination programs.

Time series modeling of animal bites

Objective:To explore the modeling of time series of animal bite occurrence in northwest Iran.Methods:In this study,we analyzed surveillance time series data for animal bite cases in the northwest Iran province of Iran from 2011 to 2017.We used decomposition methods to explore seasonality and long-term trends and applied the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average(ARIMA)model to fit a univariate time series of animal bite incidence.The ARIMA modeling process involved selecting the time series,transforming the series,selecting the appropriate model,estimating parameters,and forecasting.Results:Our results using the Box Jenkins model showed a significant seasonal trend and an overall increase in animal bite incidents during the study period.The best-fitting model for the available data was a seasonal ARIMA model with drift in the form of ARIMA(2,0,0)(1,1,1).This model can be used to forecast the frequency of animal attacks in northwest Iran over the next two years,suggesting that the incidence of animal attacks in the region would continue to increase during this time frame(2018-2019).Conclusion:Our findings suggest that time series analysis is a useful method for investigating animal bite cases and predicting future occurrences.The existence of a seasonal trend in animal bites can also aid in planning healthcare services during different seasons of the year.Therefore,our study highlights the importance of implementing proactive measures to address the growing issue of animal bites in Iran.

Epidemiological characteristics and trends of animal bites in Neyshabur,Iran:A cross-sectional study

Objective:To investigate the trend of animal bites between 2015-2021 in Neyshabur,Iran.Methods:In this cross-sectional descriptive study,data were retrieved from the vice-chancellery of the Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences.The data included person variables,place and time variables,and animal variables.Results:There were 13190 cases of animal bites and the trend was increasing during 2015-2020.Most injuries were caused by dogs(86%),most animal bites(76.6%)occurred in males,and 28.1%of all cases were farmers.The most common bitten parts were the lower limbs(64.8%),often reported as a scratch(83.4%).Most of the biting animals(67.9%)were not strays,and 83.3%of them had bitten their owners.No rabies death was reported during the study period.Conclusions:The incidence of animal bites increases and is higher than the national statistics in Neyshabur,Iran.Serious attention and intervention should be given to control and prevent this health threat.

Treatment of severe open bite and mandibular condyle anterior displacement by mini-screws and four second molars extraction:A case report

BACKGROUND Temporomandibular joint(TMJ)disorders are closely related to high-angle and skeletal Class II malocclusion.Sometimes pathological changes in the mandibular condyle can cause open bite to occur after growth is complete.CASE SUMMARY This article is about the treatment of an adult male patient with a severe hyperdivergent skeletal Class II base,an unusual and gradually occurring open bite and an abnormal mandibular condyle anterior displacement.Because the patient refused surgery,four second molars with cavities and root canal therapy were extracted,and four mini-screws were used for intrusion of the posterior teeth.The treatment duration was 22 mo,and after the treatment,the open bite was corrected and the displaced mandibular condyles were seated back to the articular fossa as shown by cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT).Based on the patient’s open bite history,the result of clinical examinations and CBCT comparisons,we believe it is possible that the occlusion interference was eliminated after the four second molars were extracted and the posterior teeth were intruded,and the patient's condyle spontaneously returned to its physiologic position.Finally,a normal overbite was established,and stable occlusion was achieved.CONCLUSION This case report suggested that identifying the cause of open bite is essential,and the TMJ factors for hyperdivergent skeletal Class II cases should be particularly examined.For these cases,intruding posterior teeth may place the condyle in a more appropriate position and provide an environment suitable for TMJ recovery.

Placental Abruption Following Snakebites Envenomation: A Case Report and Literature Review

Background: Snakebite envenomation in pregnancy is uncommon. It can lead to a poor outcome in both the mother and the fetus. We describe our approach to envenomation in pregnancy based on the currently available evidence. Case: We reported two case of snakebite in the third trimester of pregnancy having caused placental abruption with expelling a fresh still born baby and a live baby. In both cases, consumption coagulopathy occurred. managed by polyvalent anti-snake and blood transfusion. Their investigations became normal and they were discharged of hospitalization. Conclusion: Snakebite envenomation in pregnant is a maternal and fetal emergency. Treatment must be quick and well adapted.

Review on Preparation and Research of Prescriptions for Snake Bites in Fujian Province

The history of research and preparation of prescriptions for snake bites in Fujian Province was reviewed, and the process of incorporating snake doctors into the system and the gradual establishment of snake bite treatment system in Fujian were explored. The composition of several main snake bite preparations in Fujian was preliminarily compared and analyzed to provide reference for the research and development of similar new preparations at present.

Bite Turbo应用于自锁矫治技术中治疗青少年深覆牙合的效果

目的:探讨Bite Turbo应用于自锁矫治技术中治疗青少年深覆牙合的效果。方法:纳入江门市新会区第二人民医院2020年1月至2021年1月期间收治的70例青少年深覆牙合患者作为研究对象,根据电脑生成随机数字表法分为两组,对照组35例给予3M自锁矫治器+平面导板治疗,观察组35例给予3M自锁矫治器+Bite Turbo治疗。观察并比较两组治疗后的颌骨改变情况及上颌牙齿位置与角度测量结果。结果:治疗后,两组的下齿槽座角(SNB角)、上齿槽座角(SNA角)、上下齿槽座角(ANB角)均较治疗前减小,且观察组均小于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组的Apg线至上中切牙切缘的垂直距离(Apg-U1距)、上中切牙缘至NA连线垂直距离(U1-NA距)、翼上颌裂后缘至上颌磨牙远中邻面垂直距离(Ptm-U6距)均较治疗前缩小,且观察组均小于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:在采用自锁矫治技术治疗青少年深覆牙合时,应用Bite Tur bo可有效改善牙齿形态,调整上颌牙齿的位置与角度。

The Fabric Works of China's Dulong Project Is Exhibited at 2023 London Craft Week

The two key words of the 9th London Craft Week are"innovation"and"sustainability".China's Naze Naze studio exhibited handmade fabric works from Dulongjiang Township and Dali Dong Village,showing China's practice in the protection and development of intangible cultural heritage and handicrafts.

新型双特异性单链抗体BiTEs及其在肿瘤治疗中的应用前景

BiTEs(bispecificTcellengagers)是一种以T细胞作为效应细胞的双特异性单链抗体 ,它具有两个抗原结合臂 ,可以同时和T细胞及靶细胞结合 ,并激活细胞毒性T细胞杀伤病变细胞。和其它双特异性抗体相比 ,BiTEs的分子柔韧性更好 ,能更好地促进CD3复合体和肿瘤靶标的连接 ,并且它不受T细胞受体和靶细胞上MHCⅠ类分子的约束 ,不需要共刺激分子的参与 ,是一种极具应用潜力的抗体形式。就BiTEs的结构、作用机理及其在肿瘤临床上的应用前景几个方面做一综述。

基于MSFG的机载BITE故障定位算法研究

故障定位是机载BITE的重要功能,定位结果的准确性对维修测试有着重要影响。基于多信号流图模型,在构造故障-测试关联矩阵和故障-故障关联矩阵的基础上,引入故障信息矢量和故障定位矩阵,并给出适用于机载BITE故障定位的矢量描述和矩阵定义,进而提出一种简单、有效的故障定位算法。实例验证表明,该算法能够对系统中的故障源进行准确定位。

微环DNA表达抗EpCAM/抗CD3双特异BiTE分子的抗卵巢癌细胞体外实验研究

目的探讨抗EpCAM/抗CD3 BsAb分子蛋白对体外卵巢癌细胞生长的抑制效果。方法采用非病毒载体微环DNA表达抗EpCAM/抗CD3 BsAb分子蛋白。观察不同浓度(1×10^-3、1×10^-4、1×10^-5、1×10^-6、1×10^-7、1×10^-8μg/mL)抗EpCAM/抗CD3 BsAb分子蛋白加至卵巢癌细胞及T细胞中,经6 h和12 h培育后,利用倒置荧光显微镜观察活细胞与死亡细胞数量及形态变化。结果倒置显微镜下可见加抗体后卵巢癌细胞与T细胞明显聚集成块,周围见大量死亡细胞。相同时间下,随着浓度的增加,T细胞介导的卵巢癌肿瘤细胞的杀伤效果并不会一直增强。当浓度达到1×10^-4μg/mL时,培育6 h和12 h时的杀伤均达到最大,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论新型的微环DNA表达系统所表达的抗EpCAM/抗CD3 BsAb对体外卵巢癌细胞生长具有抑制作用,未来可作为一种有效的抗卵巢癌肿瘤的靶向治疗药物。

Bite turbo配合早期牵引治疗前牙反牙合的疗效分析

目的分析Bite turbo配合早期Ⅲ类牵引治疗前牙反牙合的临床效果。方法 16例恒牙期前牙反牙合且反覆牙合深的病例,下前牙舌侧粘接Bite turbo,并同时进行早期Ⅲ类牵引,观察其疗程及疗效。结果 16例病例均快速打开咬合并解除前牙反牙合。咬合打开后SNB减小、ANB增大,下颌平面角、下面高、下面高/全面高增大,上下磨牙均伸长、下切牙被压低,反覆盖解除,覆牙合减小。结论 Bite turbo配合早期Ⅲ类牵引可以快速打开咬合,解除前牙反牙合。

对空情报雷达BITE定量指标的确定方法研究

机内测试（BIT）是现代对空情报雷达设计中的一项非常重要的功能。文章在对BITE主要定量指标建立数学模型的基础上，分析了BITE定量指标确定的流程图以及具体的确定方法，详尽地阐述了定量指标验证试验的截尾序贯试验方法，并用具体的实例进行了分析。