Effects of Dehulling on Functional and Sensory Properties of Flours From Black Beans (<i>Phaseolus Vulgaris</i>)

The effects of dehulling on the physico-chemical and pasting of, as well as anti-nutritional factors in black bean (Phasoelus vulgaris) flours were investigated. Black bean seeds were dehulled both manually and mechanically and the flours obtained from the dehulled seeds were compared with flour milled from undehulled seeds. The flours obtained were evaluated for proximate composition, physical and pasting properties. Anti-nutritional factors in the flours were also determined. The flours were then used to prepare steamed bean cake (“Moinmoin”) which was evaluated for sensory parameters of appearance, taste, aroma, texture and overall acceptability. Dehulling produced significant effects (p 0.05 and p > 0.01) prepared from dehulled flours, but there was significant difference (p < 0.05) at both levels in most sensory parameters between samples from dehulled seeds and undehulled seeds except for aroma.

Comparative Evaluation of a Modified Acetic Method for Extraction of Antioxidant Compounds from Black Beans (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>)

Extraction of phenolic compounds from bean seed coats by acetic acid was evaluated and compared to conventional extraction with 80% methanol. Total phenols, flavonoids and free radical scavenging capacity were determined by colorimetric methods. Furthermore, qualitative flavonoid characterization was performed via HPLC diode array. The acetic acid extract contained 73.4 ± 7 mg/g of sample expressed as gallic acid equivalents (GAE), and 41.3 ± 4 mg/g as catechin equivalents (CE). The acetic acid extract (at 1 mg/mL) showed over 89% efficiency to scavenge the 1,1 diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) radical (EC50 = 6.13 mg extract/mg standard). Gallic acid, delphinidin-3-glycoside, petunidinglycoside, petunidin, malvidin-3-glycoside, myricetin-glycoside, quercitin-glycoside, saponin (β-g), and 3-hydroxy-5, 7-megastigmadien-9-one were identified in both extracts. Additionally, kaempferol-3-glycoside was found in the acetic acid extract. Sequential acetic acid extractions indicated that the antiradical activity was about 90% in DPPH radical scavenging within the first 8 h of extraction, when compared to a 24 h extraction. In general, acetic acid offered a faster and more efficient approach for the extraction of

The therapeutic mechanism of black soybean in atherosclerosis based on network pharmacology

Objective:To investigate the cardiovascular mechanism of black soybean,the biological characteristics of black soybean were studied by bioinformatics,and the mechanism of its treatment for atherosclerosis was further determined.Methods:Firstly,the basic data sets of effective components and corresponding targets of black beans were constructed,and then mapped to the AS background network obtained from DisGeNET database and CTD database.Finally,the potential targets of black beans acting on AS were obtained.After constructing the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network,the topological characteristics of these targets were analyzed.KEGG and GO were enriched to obtain the potential mechanism of black soybean acting on AS.Results:There were 12 bioactive components reported in black soybean.Among them,beta-sitosterol,stigmasterol and N-(4-hydroxyphenylethyl)ACTINIDINE were the three most active components.There are 19 targets of black soybeans acting on PPI network of AS disease.Among them,ADRB2 and PTGS2 are important targets for black soybeans to alleviate AS.The therapeutic pathways include arachidonic acid metabolism and serotonin synapse.Conclusion:Black soybean can play a therapeutic role in AS through multi-target and multi-pathway.The application of network pharmacology can quickly clarify the characteristics of functional foods and identify their potential targets and mechanisms for disease treatment.

Sensitivity of Dry Bean to Dimethenamid-p, Saflufenacil and Dimethenamid-p/Saflufenacil

There is limited information on the sensitivity of dry bean to dimethenamid-p, saflufenacil and a preformulated mixture of dimethenamid-p/saflufenacil. Field trials were conducted at Exeter and Ridgetown, ON, Canada in 2012 and 2013 to evaluate the tolerance of four market classes of dry bean to dimethenamid-p, saflufenacil and dimethenamid-p/saflufenacil applied preemergence (PRE) at the 1X and 2X manufacturer’s recommended rate in soybean. Dimethenamid-p, saflufenacil and dimethenamid-p/saflufenacil applied PRE caused 0% - 2%, 20% - 31% and 34% - 45% injury in dry bean, respectively. Dimethenamid-p (220 and 440 g ai ha-1) caused no adverse effect on plant stand, shoot dry weight, height and yield of black, white, adzuki and kidney bean. Saflufenacil (25 and 50 g ai ha-1) or dimethenamid-p/saflufenacil (245 and 490 g ai ha-1) reduced plant stand 53% - 70%, shoot dry weight 61% - 81%, height 26% - 48% and yield 40% - 61% of black and white bean. However, saflufenacil applied alone or in combination with dimethenamid-p at the 1X or 2X rates caused no adverse effect on plant stand, shoot dry weight, height and yield of adzuki and kidney bean except with dimethenamid-p/saflufenacil at the 2X rate which reduced plant stand 38% in kidney bean, shoot dry weight 46% in adzuki bean and 42% in kidney bean, and yield 29% in kidney bean. Based on these results, saflufenacil and dimethenamid-p/saflufenacil applied PRE at the proposed rate of 25 and 245 g ai ha-1, respectively does have an adequate margin of crop safety for weed management in black and white bean. Further research is needed to ascertain the margin of crop safety in kidney and adzuki bean.

Response of Four Market Classes of Dry Beans to Halosulfuron Applied Postemergence at Five Application Timings

Six field trials were conducted over a three-year period (2011, 2012, 2013) at the Huron Research Station, Exeter, Ontario and University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus, Ridgetown, Ontario to determine the effect of five postemergence (POST) application timings (1 - 2 trifoliate, 3 - 4 trifoliate, 5 - 6 trifoliate, 1st flower and 1st pod stage) of halosulfuron (35 and 70 g·ai·ha-1) on the tolerance of adzuki, black, white and kidney beans. All treatments including the non-treated control were maintained weed free during the growing season. Halosulfuron applied POST in black, white and kidney bean caused as much as 8%, 8%, 7%, 4% and 2% injury 1 WAA and 4%, 4%, 2%, 2% and 1% injury 2 WAA at 1 - 2 trifoliate, 3 - 4 trifoliate, 5 - 6 trifoliate, 1st flower and 1st pod stage application timings, respectively. The injury observed was transient with 1% or less injury 4 WAA and there was no adverse effect on the shoot dry weight, plant height, seed moisture content and yield of black, white and kidney bean. Injury was substantially higher in adzuki bean at all application timings. Halosulfuron applied POST caused as much as 66%, 47%, 50%, 39% and 36% injury 1 WAA;77%, 68%, 64%, 51% and 42% 2 WAA;and 69%, 51%, 47%, 40% and 29% 4 WAA at 1 - 2 trifoliate, 3 - 4 trifoliate, 5 - 6 trifoliate, 1st flower and 1st pod stage application timings, respectively. Halosulfuron POST decreased shoot dry weight as much as 69%, 57%, 43%, 41% and 34%;plant height as much as 17%, 15%, 14%, 13% and 10%;and seed yield as much as 47%, 46%, 45%, 56% and 55% at 1 - 2 trifoliate, 3 - 4 trifoliate, 5 - 6 trifoliate, 1st flower and 1st pod stages, respectively. Based on these results, there is an adequate margin of crop safety for halosulfuron POST in black, white and kidney beans. However, there is not an adequate margin of crop safety for halosulfuron POST in adzuki bean at the application timings evaluated.

Response of Eight Market Classes of Dry Bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>L.) to Pendimethalin

There is little information on the tolerance of dry bean to pendimethalin. Field studies were conducted in 2007 to 2009 at Exeter, Ontario and in 2008 and 2009 at Ridgetown, Ontario to evaluate tolerance of black, cranberry, kidney, otebo, pink, pinto, Small Red Mexican and white bean to the pendimethalin applied preplant incorporated at 1080 and 2160 g.a.i.ha-1. Pendimethalin PPI caused minimal injury in most market classes of dry bean at 1 and 2 WAE. There was no injury in various market classes of dry bean with the low dose at 1 and 2 weeks after emergence (WAE). However, at the high dose there was 0 to 4% injury at 1 WAE and 0 to 7% injury at 2 WAE in black, cranberry, kidney, otebo, pink, pinto, SRM and white bean. Pendimethalin PPI was more injurious in white bean than in black, cranberry, kidney, otebo, pink, pinto and SRM bean. Pink and SRM bean exhibited the most tolerance to pendimethalin applied PPI at 1080 g.ai.ha-1 or 2160 g.ai.ha-1. Pendimethalin caused no adverse effect on plant height, shoot dry weight, seed moisture content and seed yield of black, cranberry, kidney, otebo, pink, pinto, SRM and white bean. Based on these results, there is an adequate margin of crop safety for pendimethalin applied PPI at the proposed dose of 1080 g.ai.ha-1 in black, cranberry, kidney, otebo, pink, pinto, SRM and white bean in Ontario.

蛹虫草-浙贝母-黑豆菌质固体双向发酵工艺及其抗肿瘤活性研究

为实现浙贝母、黑豆高值化利用,开发一种具有抗肿瘤功效的蛹虫草菌质,将浙贝母-黑豆(浙贝母黑豆=21,质量比)作为蛹虫草(Cordyceps militaris)菌株发酵基质,以多酚含量为评价指标,采用单因素及响应面试验方法优化蛹虫草-浙贝母-黑豆菌质固体双向发酵工艺,采用MTT法测定发酵菌质体外抗肿瘤活性。结果表明,最佳发酵条件为料液比11.2(g/mL),接种量20 mL/100 g,培养温度21℃,培养时间29 d。优化条件下,菌质中多酚含量(6.24 mg/g)与模型预测值(6.35 mg/g)偏差为1.78%,且显著高于基质中多酚含量(1.19 mg/g);发酵菌质具有一定的体外抗肿瘤活性,其水提物对S180肿瘤细胞体外增殖抑制率表现出良好的量效及时效关系,以质量浓度相当于生药量200 mg/mL的水提液作用48 h条件下的细胞增殖抑制率最强,达到了73.08%,且在相同质量浓度及作用条件下,发酵菌质对S180肿瘤细胞的体外增殖抑制率是基质的1.10~1.88倍。

小黑豆中活性成分·营养价值与资源应用

黑豆为大豆属植物[Glycine max(L.)Merr]的种子,为我国资源分布很广的药食两用中药,陕北小黑豆为其栽培品种之一。黑豆主要含有异黄酮和花青素类成分,具有抗炎、抗氧化、降血糖、降血脂、抗癌、调节激素水平等多种药理作用。对1997—2022年国内外文献报道的黑豆化学成分及主要药理作用进行综述,分析陕北小黑豆种植栽培现状及药用黑豆存在的问题。提出陕北地区的环境更适合小黑豆的种植与进一步应完善该植物药材标准的观点。

基于分子对接探究小粒黑豆对糖脂代谢相关酶的抑制作用

为了评价小黑豆在辅助预防糖脂代谢紊乱方面应用的可能性,测定小黑豆中异黄酮的含量,并体外测定小黑豆对α-淀粉酶、胰脂肪酶、乙酰胆碱酯酶、酪氨酸酶抑制作用。将小黑豆异黄酮主成分黄豆黄苷与以上酶的核心蛋白进行分子对接。结果显示小黑豆中异黄酮含量在60~80 mg CAE/g之间,体外试验发现小黑豆对α-淀粉酶、胰脂肪酶、乙酰胆碱酯酶、酪氨酸酶均有抑制作用。黄豆黄苷与胰脂肪酶中1LPA和1LPB、α-淀粉酶中3BAI和5U3A、乙酰胆碱酯酶中6U3P、酪氨酸酶中6Q0D靶蛋白均有良好的结合作用。由此可知小黑豆对多种糖脂代谢相关酶均有抑制作用。其辅助预防作用的主成分可能为异黄酮成分中的黄豆黄苷。

硫酸铜对黑豆种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

用水培法探究了硫酸铜对黑豆种子萌发、幼苗生长和生理指标的影响。结果显示,高浓度的硫酸铜抑制了黑豆种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和幼苗的鲜重、根长和苗高。随着硫酸铜处理浓度的增加,黑豆幼苗中的SOD活性呈上升趋势,POD和CAT活性先升高后降低,MDA含量逐渐升高,可溶性蛋白含量先增高后下降。结果表明,高浓度硫酸铜可以改变抗氧化酶活性,显著提高MDA含量和降低可溶性蛋白含量,从而抑制了黑豆种子的萌发和幼苗的生长。硫酸铜对黑豆幼苗根的抑制作用明显强于对地上部分的抑制。

三黑杂粮营养馒头最佳配方研究

在传统白面馒头的制作基础上,通过添加黑米粉、膨化黑豆粉和熟黑芝麻粉研制三黑杂粮营养馒头。在单因素试验基础上选取试验因素和水平,根据Box-Benhnken的试验设计原理,采用三因素三水平的响应面分析法获得最佳配方。结果表明:以小麦粉100 g为基准,黑米粉添加量20%、膨化黑豆粉添加量4%、熟黑芝麻粉添加量10%为最优值。此条件下制成的馒头色泽黑亮、质地暄软、口味香浓,市场应用前景良好。

基于主成分分析评价不同黑豆品种的品质

比较不同品种黑豆的营养成分,完善黑豆品质评价指标,明确适宜食用与药用的品种。通过测定不同品种黑豆的总酚酸、总黄酮、缩合单宁、总花色苷、总多糖和总蛋白质的含量,并进行主成分分析。结果表明:黑豆品种的6个主成分总含量的单项指标被综合为2个主成分,第一主成分与药用价值相关,第二主成分与食用价值相关。黑豆不同品种的活性成分含量存在差异。推测马料豆、小黑豆相对于黑豆可能更具有药用价值。

黑豆纳豆激酶粗提取物的免疫调节作用

以壶关大黑豆为原料发酵纳豆,分离得到黑豆纳豆激酶粗提取物(BNCE),对其结构进行初探,测定其酶活力和溶栓能力,并研究BNCE的免疫调节作用。通过红外光谱分析和扫描电镜对BNCE结构进行鉴定;分别使用纤维蛋白平板法和动物血块法测定BNCE的酶活及其对小鼠血块的体外溶栓作用;用MTT比色法探究BNCE对RAW264.7细胞增殖的影响;中性红染色法测定BNCE对RAW264.7细胞吞噬率的影响;ELISA法检测BNCE对RAW264.7细胞分泌IL-6、TNF-α和IL-1β的影响。结果表明,BNCE具有蛋白质的化学结构,表观呈现大小不同且无规则的碎片形状,具有一定的纤溶活性和体外溶栓作用。BNCE可以促进正常状态以及LPS激活状态下RAW264.7细胞的增殖,增强其吞噬率,并且有浓度依赖性。另外,BNCE还可以促进正常状态下的RAW264.7细胞TNF-α和IL-1β的分泌,抑制IL-6的分泌;也能抑制LPS激活状态下RAW264.7细胞IL-6、TNF-α和IL-1β的分泌。因此,BNCE具有一定的免疫调节作用,在食品工业上可以作为保健食品的一种优质原料。

榄仁黑豆沙月饼馅料配方优化

试验以黑豆、白砂糖、花生油、橄榄仁为原料,单甘酯、海藻酸钠为辅料,利用响应面法研究并优化榄仁黑豆沙月饼馅料的配方。结果表明,榄仁黑豆沙月饼馅料的最佳配方为:以黑豆沙质量计,白砂糖40%,花生油45%,橄榄仁16%,单甘酯0.8%,海藻酸钠0.4%。在此配方下的榄仁黑豆沙月饼馅料品质较好,外表有光泽,口感顺滑,甜味适中。橄榄仁与黑豆沙结合,使两者的保健功能和营养更加相辅相成。

几种黑豆成分、体外抗氧化及酶抑制作用对比

目的:挑选黑豆药用与食用的适宜品种。方法:测定了9种黑豆的总酚酸、总黄酮、缩合单宁、总花色苷、总多糖和总蛋白质含量,并对黑豆提取物的体外抗氧化活性以及对α-淀粉酶、胰脂肪酶、乙酰胆碱酯酶、酪氨酸酶的抑制作用进行比较。结果:总酚酸、总黄酮、缩合单宁、总花色苷含量为马料豆>小黑豆>黑豆;总多糖含量为小黑豆>黑豆>马料豆;总蛋白含量为马料豆>黑豆>小黑豆;抗氧化活性为马料豆>小黑豆>黑豆。体外试验发现,小黑豆与黑豆对多种酶均有抑制作用,强度各不相同。结论:不同品种黑豆的生物活性物质含量和功能存在差异。黑豆更适合食用,马料豆和小黑豆药用价值更高。

黑豆花色苷-豌豆淀粉复合物制备及其抗氧化活性研究

采用湿热法制备黑豆花色苷-豌豆淀粉复合物。以结合率为指标,采用单因素试验和响应面试验优化复合物的制备工艺,并对其进行抗氧化活性和体外模拟胃肠道消化研究。结果表明:最佳制备条件为糊化时间25 min、糊化温度70℃、黑豆花色苷与豌豆淀粉质量比8∶10、pH 3。在此条件下,黑豆花色苷与豌豆淀粉的结合率为75.61%。与花色苷单体相比,黑豆花色苷-豌豆淀粉复合物的抗氧化活性显著提高,其对DPPH·、ABTS^(+)·、·OH的清除率分别为83.06%、62.26%、60.68%。体外消化模拟试验结果显示,黑豆花色苷-豌豆淀粉复合物中花色苷含量在模拟消化过程中有一定程度降解。消化结束后,复合物中花色苷保留率为25.89%,高于花色苷单体(18.33%),且对3种自由基的清除率均高于花色苷单体。试验证明黑豆花色苷-豌豆淀粉复合物能够提高花色苷的稳定性,降低花色苷的降解速率。

黄豆和黑豆中大豆异黄酮甙元的分析

采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法对黄豆和黑豆中大豆异黄酮甙元进行分析测定.结果表明:在5.0~100.0μg·mL-1范围内,大豆异黄酮甙元与峰面积呈良好线性关系,回归方程A=9960.0C-6693.6,相关系数为0.9998,变异系数为1.11%,回收率为98.2%~103.6%.

超声辅助NaCl浸泡对熟化黑豆结构和消化特性的影响

为探究超声辅助NaCl浸泡对黑豆的结构和消化特性的影响规律,采用扫描电镜、红外光谱、X射线衍射等分析NaCl对黑豆结构的作用机制,利用热特性、吸水率、膨胀率等明确黑豆熟化过程性质的变化,并分析淀粉体外消化特性。结果表明,超声辅助NaCl浸泡后的黑豆粉颗粒致密度降低,颗粒之间间隙变大,抑制了淀粉结晶区域损伤。随着NaCl浓度的升高,黑豆颗粒的膨胀率比清水浸泡升高了28%、48%、56%,硬度明显下降,糊化度升高至40%、43%、45%,黑豆淀粉水解率分别下降到19.05%、17.93%、17.48%。以上结果说明钠离子可抑制淀粉消化,本研究NaCl浸泡处理可为开发低GI黑豆食品奠定理论基础。

黑豆皮提取物对果蝇结肠炎的保护作用

黑豆是东方医学中常见的药食同源材料,黑豆皮提取物(black bean seed coat extract,BBSCE)含有高浓度的酚类化合物,具有很好的抗氧化和抗炎症活性。文章采用十二烷基硫酸钠(sodium dodecyl sulfate,SDS)诱导的果蝇溃疡性结肠炎研究BBSCE对肠道损伤的防御作用。研究发现,果蝇在SDS暴露实验中,其存活率、攀爬能力以及肠道形态会受到显著影响,肠道屏障的完整性也会受到严重破坏。膳食喂养BBSCE可以有效地减轻SDS暴露对果蝇造成的损害,包括行为学损伤、肠道形态及肠道屏障的完整性。结果表明,BBSCE可以通过改善肠道萎缩和提高肠道屏障的完整性保护肠道免受化合物造成的损伤,可为功能性食品或天然药物的开发提供理论依据。

自拟中药外洗方加黑豆配合派瑞松乳膏治疗鹅掌风的临床效果

目的探讨自拟中药外洗方加黑豆配合派瑞松乳膏治疗鹅掌风的临床效果。方法选取2020年6月至2023年4月济南市章丘区中医医院皮肤科收治的共计126例鹅掌风患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为中药组(42例)、常规组(42例)、联合组(42例)。中药组给予自拟中药外洗方加黑豆治疗,常规组给予派瑞松乳膏治疗,联合组给予自拟中药外洗方加黑豆配合派瑞松乳膏治疗。比较三组的临床疗效、症状体征评分、生活质量[皮肤病生活质量指数问卷(DLQI)]、真菌清除率。结果联合组患者的治疗总有效率、真菌清除率高于中药组及常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.017),中药组患者的治疗总有效率、真菌清除率与常规组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.017);三组患者治疗后的症状体征(皮损面积、红斑、瘙痒、脱屑)评分、DLQI评分低于本组治疗前,联合组患者治疗后的评分低于中药组、常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),中药组患者治疗后的评分与常规组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论自拟中药外洗方加黑豆配合派瑞松乳膏应用于鹅掌风患者治疗中,能够提高临床疗效,降低症状体征评分,改善生活质量,提高真菌清除率。