Black Hole Mass and Spin Measurements and Accretion Disk Evolution in X-ray Binaries

1。在在布拉格的国际天体的联合 IAU GA 的 2006 代表大会的介绍，捷克的共和国，我被邀请把一篇公共讲话送到天文学和一般公众的地的一个很宽广的观众；我随后出版了在不同规模黑人洞命名类似的现象的谈话的摘要，

Vacum Black Hole Mass Formula Is a Vanishing Noether Charge

The Noether current and its variation relation with respect to diffeomorphism invariance of gravitational theories have been derived from the horizontal variation and vertical-horizontal bi-variation of the Lagrangian,respectively.For Einstein's GR in the stationary,axisymmetric black holes,the mass formula in vacuum can be derived from this Noether current although it definitely vanishes.This indicates that the mass formula of black holes is a vanishing Noether charge in this case.The first law of black hole thermodynamics can also be derived from the variation relation of this vanishing Noether current.

The central black hole masses for the γ-ray loud blazars

The Large Area Telescope (LAT) on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (formerly GLAST) provides an increase in sensitivity and has detected rapid variability of gamma-ray sources.The variability time scales detected from the gamma-ray loud blazars by LAT and EGRET,and gamma-ray luminosity are used to estimate the central black hole masses.In this work,we find that the lower limits of central black hole masses are in a range of (0.3-24)×107M⊙,which are compared with those obtained by other authors.Our results are consistent with other authors' results.Also,the Lorentz factor,Γ,and the propagation angle,θ,are obtained for 18 blazars for which superluminal motions are known.

Gravitational Radiation of Binaries Coalescence into Intermediate Mass Black Holes

This paper discusses the gravitation waveforms of binaries coalescence into intermediate mass black holes(about 30 times of the solar mass).We focus on the non-spinning intermediate mass black hole located less than 100 Mpc from earth.By comparing two simulation waveforms(effective one body numerical relativity waveform(EOBNR),phenomenological waveform),we discuss the relationship between the effective distance and frequency;and through analyzing large amounts of data in event,we find that the phenomenological waveform is much smoother than EOBNR waveform,and has higher accuracy at the same effective distance.

The Massive Black Hole at the Center of NGC 4151

In this paper we adopt the theory of Shields and Wheeler (1976) to explain the long-term period and use the Shields and Wheeler’s storage model to calculate the mass of the center black hole for NGC 4151, which shows a period of 14. years (Fan & Su 1998). The mass of the center black hole that the new method gets,～10 6M ⊙,is consistent with other authors. We find the energy of the stable phase, which utilize the period of 14. years to calculate, is closed equal to the burst energy. Other period variation mechanisms have been discussed.

Decay of a Mass-Less Field Far from Horizon of a Black Hole

远离甚至空间尺寸 n 的一个黑洞的地平线，集体更少的域作为 t1 腐烂 ? 2l ? 在时间的 n，在 l 是范围的一个泛音模式的地方。

Quantum Corrections to the Radiation of Schwarzschild-anti-de Sitter Black Hole with Topological Defect

<正> We extend Zhang and Zhao's recent work to the Schwarzschild-anti-de Sitter black hole with topologicaldefect,whose Arnowitt-Deser-Misner(ADM)mass is no longer identical to its mass parameter.The behavior of thetunneling massive particle is investigated and the emission rate is calculated.The result satisfies an underlying unitarytheory and takes the same functional form as that of the mass-less particle.

Stellar Rotating Black Holes

Both mass and charge are needed to create a rotating Black Hole as has been investigated in great mathematical detail by the Reissner-Nordstrom metric and the Kerr-Newman metric. It is their application to astronomical phenomena that they have stated difficulty with because astronomical objects have no net electric charge and that is what we are exploring. While the energy in the gravitational field of the mass of a Neutron Star alone cannot create a stationary Black Hole, together with the energy in the strong magnetic field created by a rotating Neutron Star a rotating Black Hole is formed. Black Holes are the portal to the next higher spatial dimension.

Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity Identify Standard Model Particles as Black Holes

The Standard Model of particle physics does not account for charged fermion mass values and neutrino mass, or explain why only three particles are in each charge state 0, -e/3, 2e/3, and -e. These issues are addressed by treating Standard Model particles with mass m as spheres with diameter equal to their Compton wavelength l =&#295;/mc, where &#295;is Planck’s constant and c the speed of light, and any charge in diametrically opposed pairs ±ne/6 with n = 1, 2, or 3 at the axis of rotation on the sphere surface. Particles are ground state solutions of quantized Friedmann equations from general relativity, with differing internal gravitational constants. Energy distribution within particles identifies Standard Model particles with spheres containing central black holes with mass m, and particle spin resulting from black hole angular momentum. In each charge state, energy distribution within particles satisfies a cubic equation in l, allowing only three particles in the charge state and requiring neutrino mass. Cosmic vacuum energy density is a lower limit on energy density of systems in the universe, and setting electron neutrino average energy density equal to cosmic vacuum energy density predicts neutrino masses consistent with experiment. Relations between charged fermion wavelength solutions to cubic equations in different charge states determine charged fermion masses relative to electron mass as a consequence of charge neutrality of the universe. An appendix shows assigning charge ±e/6 to bits of information on the event horizon available for holographic description of physics in the observable universe accounts for dominance of matter over anti-matter. The analysis explains why only three Standard Models are in each charge state and predicts neutrino masses based on cosmic vacuum energy density as a lower bound on neutrino energy density.

The Gravitational Radiation Emitted by a System Consisting of a Point Particle in Close Orbit around a Schwarzschild Black Hole

We analytically model a relativistic problem consisting of a point-particle with mass m in close orbit around a stationary Schwarzschild black hole with mass M = 1 using the null-cone formalism when l = 2. We use the -function to model the matter density of the particle. To model the whole problem, we apply the second order differential equation obtained elsewhere for a dynamic thin matter shell around a Schwarzschild black hole. The only thing that changes on the equation is the quasi-normal mode parameter which now represent the orbital frequency of the particle. We compare our results with that of the standard 5.5 PN formalism and found that there is a direct proportionality factor that relates the two results, i.e. the two formalisms.

Inflation, Dark Energy, Acceleration, Missing Mass?

The black hole (b.h.) model based on the strong field treatment of the Newton potential is presented. The essential role of self energy both at the Planck level and for matter and radiation at later stages supports the picture of an expanding Universe necessarily accompanied by particle creation if energy conservation applies at every scale. This process is shown to provide a gravitational repulsive force which can counterbalance gravitational attraction thus allowing the possibility of a steady expansion. This black hole treatment of our Universe evolution, questions the necessity of inflation. The role of the critical density to dictate the fate of the Universe is replaced by the black hole condition which entails a different relation between Hubble parameter and density thus disposing of dark energy. Since its predictions provide a different time development of the Universe also the evidence for its acceleration is disputed. That seems to provide a coherent scheme for our picture of the Universe evolution, based on Hubble’s law and backed up by the consideration of inertial forces. Newtonian angular momentum is also not conserved at cosmological scales. Finally we consider two coordinates systems. The conformally flat coordinates are shown to disprove inflation and the relevance of the Painleve-Gullstrand metric in providing global coordinates is underlined. The combined effect of Hubble expansion and of proper time also questions the existence of missing mass.

Law of Physics 20^th-Century Scientists Overlooked (Part 4): Mass Extinction by Aether Deprivation

Extreme gravitational collapse is explored by utilizing two fundamental properties and one reasonable assumption, which together lead logically to an end-state gravitating structure. This structure, called a Terminal state neutron star, manifests nature’s ultimate density of mass and possesses the ultimate electromagnetic barrier. It is then shown how this structure is central to the remarkable mechanism whereby the density is prevented from going higher. A simple process assures that such density is not exceeded—regardless of the quantity of additional mass. As an example, the discourse focuses on the expected progression and outcome when a compact star of —far more mass than can be accommodated by the basic Terminal state structure—undergoes total gravitational collapse. An examination of what happens to the considerable excess mass leads the discussion to the principle of mass extinction by the process of aether deprivation and its profound implications for black-hole physics and the current revolution in cosmology.

费米耀变体的射电波段周期性光变研究

运用REDFIT方法对4个费米耀变体的MOJAVE(Monitoring Of Jets in Active Galactic Nuclei with VLBA Experiments)15.3 GHz观测数据进行了周期分析,发现0851+202存在1.77年的周期成分,1308+326存在8.69年的周期成分,1641+399存在2.04年的周期成分,2251+158存在7.65年的周期成分,且这些周期成分的置信度均大于99%。运用超大质量双黑洞模型和螺旋喷流模型对这些周期成分进行了解释,并估算这4个耀变体的中心黑洞质量为10^(9) M_(⊙)~10^(10) M_(⊙)。

质能方程可能在星系中心的旋转黑洞中实现吗?

讨论了爱因斯坦导出的质能方程。该方程暗示了能量与质量之间可能存在相互转化的关系。众所周知,从质量转化为能量可以通过核反应进行,但是能量是否能够在一定条件下转化为物质?探讨了这一问题,介绍了粒子物理中的有关实验,尤其重点指出一类天体物理黑洞中喷流物质来源的模型可能提供了能量转换为物质的重要例子。

Positive mass theorems for high-dimensional spacetimes with black holes

We give a rigorous proof of the positive mass theorem for high-dimensional spacetimes with black holes if the spacetime contains an asymptotically flat spacelike spin hypersurface and satisfies the dominant energy condition along the hypersurface. We also weaken the spin structure on the spacelike hypersurface to spinc structure and give a modified positive mass theorem for spacetimes with black holes in dimensions 4, 5 and 6.

Blazar黑洞质量(英文)

与吸积率和爱丁顿吸积率的比率一道,黑洞质量也是活动星系核的一个基本参数。我们采用谢光中等的新方法去估计了21个blazar样本的黑洞质量(MH),同时运用了MBH-σ相关分析方法来估计同一个blazar样本的黑洞质量(Mσ),通过对两种不同方法所得样本黑洞质量的比较,我们发现(1)MH系统的小于Mσ,但是对于大多数blazar样本来说Mσ和MH之间的差别很小;(2)在Mσ和MH之间存在着一个有意义的相关性,相关系数为r=0.832,p≤1.0×10-4。以上述的这些性质和活动星系核标准模型为基础,我们证明了这两种方法所得的黑洞质量Mσ和MH之间的系统差异是因为Mσ描述的是宽发射线区(r≤rb)的黑洞质量,而MH描述的是黑洞周围在最内层轨道附近的连续发射区的质量。这就是说Mσ应该是被过度估计了。由Mσ和中心黑洞质量MH*的关系,我们再次计算中心黑洞质量MH*,并且发现中心黑洞质量MH*和MH几乎是相同的。

BL Lac天体的特性研究

收集了110个BL Lac天体在宁静状态下的红移、黑洞质量及多波段流量密度数据,研究了HBLs和LBLs的中心黑洞质量分布、红移分布并对HBLs和LBLs的红移与各波段流量密度及各波段流量密度之间进行了相关性分析。研究结果支持了HBLs和LBLs可作为BL Lac天体的有效分类标准,且物理性质有差别。

射电类星体的演化与宇宙学红移

收集了142个射电类星体(28个射电宁静类星体、114个射电噪类星体)、43个核占优型射电类星体、82个瓣占优型射电类星体和80个Seyfert星系的样本,基于Logistic非线性回归分析的方法对红移和热光度、黑洞质量、5 GHz射电光度、爱丁顿吸积率、核主导参数R的关系进行研究,拟合出相应的演化曲线,得到如下结论:(1)射电类星体的演化是从射电噪类星体(RLQ)演化到射电宁静类星体(RQQ),当演化到一定阶段射电类星体过渡到Seyfert星系;(2)核占优型射电类星体(CDQ)和瓣占优型射电类星体(LDQ)之间并没有明显的随红移演化。

类星体PKS 1510-089射电流量周期特性分析及黑洞质量估计

基于Metshovi射电观测数据库获得的PKS 1510-089在22 GHz射电波段从1991到2005年的流量变化数据,利用χ2评估方法分析其周期性,得到3.2年的变化周期,与先前报道的1.8年有所不同.通过复原折叠周期计算了它与光变曲线的相对误差,得到3.2年的误差26.8%要比1.8年的误差30.3%小.最后,利用薄吸积盘理论估算了PKS 1510-089的中心黑洞质量下限,并对粘滞系数和多普勒因子进行了讨论.