Genetic algorithm application for matching ordinary black oil PVT data

In the study of reservoirs, it is vital that we have a realistic physical model of the reservoir fluid that accurately describes the hydrocarbon system and its properties. The available equations of state （EOS） to model the fluid phase behavior have some inherent deficiencies that may cause erroneous predictions for real reservoir fluids, so these models should be tuned against experimental data by adjusting some parameters. Since there are many matching parameters, tuning the EOS against experimental data is a tedious and difficult work. In this study, a genetic algorithm as an optimization technique is used to solve this regression problem. This study presents a new method that uses a specially designed genetic algorithm to search for suitable regression parameters to match the EOS against measured data. The proposed method has been tested on three real black oil samples. The results show the surprising performance of the developed genetic algorithm to match the experimental data of the selected fluid samples. The main advantage of the used method is its high speed in finding a solution. Also, finding more than one solution, working automatically, confining the role of experts to the last stage, reducing costs and having the possibility of evaluating the different situations are the other advantages of this method to match ordinary black oil PVT data and makes it an ideal method to implement as an automatic EOS tuning algorithm for black oils.

Application of control volume based finite element method for solving the black-oil fluid equations

This is the second paper of a series where we introduce a control volume based finite element method （CVFEM） to simulate multiphase flow in porous media. This is a fully conservative method able to deal with unstructured grids which can be used for representing any complexity of reservoir geometry and its geological objects in an accurate and efficient manner. In order to deal with the inherent heterogeneity of the reservoirs, all operations related to discretization are performed at the element level in a manner similar to classical finite element method （FEM）. Moreover, the proposed method can effectively reduce the so-called grid orientation effects. In the first paper of this series, we presented this method and its application for incompressible and immiscible two-phase flow simulation in homogeneous and heterogeneous porous media. In this paper, we evaluate the capability of the method in the solution of highly nonlinear and coupled partial differential equations by simulating hydrocarbon reservoirs using the black-oil model. Furthermore, the effect of grid orientation is investigated by simulating a benchmark waterflooding problem. The numerical results show that the formulation presented here is efficient and accurate for solving the bubble point and three-phase coning problems.

Anti-inflammatory potential of black cumin seed oil and its nanoemulsion formulation against lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury in mice

Objective:To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of black cumin seed oil(BCSO)and its nanoemulsion on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced liver injury in mice.Methods:LPS-induced acute liver injury mouse model was used to evaluate the effects of BCSO and its nanoemulsion formulation on liver function.Hepatic inflammatory markers including Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4),interleukin(IL)-1β,heme-oxygenase 1,BAX,and BCL-2 were assessed using real-time PCR.Additionally,protein levels of reduced glutathione,tumor necrosis factor-α,and IL-6 were measured using ELISA,and histological analysis was performed.Indomethacin was used as a standard positive control for comparison.Results:BCSO reduced LPS-induced liver injury and exhibited strong anti-inflammatory effects by downregulating the expression of TLR4,IL-1β,IL-6,tumor necrosis factor-α,and heme-oxygenase 1.Additionally,BCSO demonstrated antioxidant properties by increasing reduced glutathione protein levels and decreasing key apoptotic markers BAX and BCL-2 in hepatocytes.The nanoemulsion formulation further enhanced these anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and anti-apoptotic effects,and histological examination confirmed this effect.Combining BCSO with indomethacin at a lower dose improved efficacy,thereby reducing its potential side effects.Conclusions:The investigation reveals the anti-inflammatory impact of BCSO and its nanoemulsion formulation on LPS-induced liver oxidative stress,inflammation,and apoptosis.

Long-term effects of Nigella sativa L. oil on some physiological parameters in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

The long-term effects of Nigella sativa L. oil on some physiological parameters were investigated in normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic male Wistar rats. STZ-induced diabetic rats showed significant increases in the levels of blood glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL-cholesterol), uric acid, urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) while high density lipoprotein (HDL-cholesterol) and total protein levels were significantly decreased compared to normal rats. Administration of black seed oil to diabetic rats resulted in a significant decrease in blood glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL–cholesterol ALT, AST and uric acid while HDL–cholesterol level was markedly increased compared to untreated diabetic rats after seven weeks of treatment. The results of this study indicate that the diet containing the oil of N. sativa improves the examined physiological parameters in STZ-induced diabetic rats especially when it is used for a longer period.

鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组黑炭的发现、地质意义及其对烃源岩评价的影响

通过对鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组开展研究,首次在中三叠统长7段泥页岩发现黑炭,提出中三叠世东特提斯地区氧气含量超过15%且植物已经从二叠纪末大灭绝后复苏的观点。研究表明:①长7段黑炭的分布具有较强的区域差异性,盆地东南部泥页岩的黑炭含量最高、可超过6%,占总有机碳含量的比例最高为20%,而西北和东北部则低于10%。②传统上以TOC为关键参数的烃源岩评价技术和页岩油气选区方法面临考验:TOC值达标的泥页岩不一定是有效的烃源岩和非常规页岩油气有利目标,而低TOC也可能成为有效、甚至优质烃源岩。③将泥页岩总有机碳含量进一步精细划分为黑炭(w_(b))、活性碳(w_(a))、残留碳(w_(r))和成熟页岩油中的碳(w_(o))等质量分数,对于烃源岩评价推荐采用总有机碳含量减去黑炭含量作为指标,对于中低成熟度页岩油原位开采选区宜重点采用活性碳含量指标,对于中高成熟度页岩油的有利区选择则使用成熟页岩油中的碳。研究结果可以定量评价泥页岩有机质组成、烃源岩生烃潜力、烃源岩演化阶段以及页岩油生成、排出与滞留,并对烃源岩发育期的气候环境重建以及页岩油气甜点优选具有重要意义。

圆珠笔笔芯脂的设计开发与性能评价

随着我国圆珠笔产能的不断提升,我国已逐渐成为世界公认的制笔大国。在国家有关部门及相关政策的大力扶持下,圆珠笔墨水和配件加工技术等阻碍我国圆珠笔行业自主化发展的技术壁垒逐步被打破,然而现阶段国内关于笔芯脂的研究仍处于起步阶段,中高端笔芯脂产品仍主要依赖于国外进口。为此,采用无机稠化剂和硅油基础油为原料,并辅以一定的改性剂增强其稳定性,研制出一款高性能笔芯脂产品,相较于国外某高端笔芯脂产品具有更好的高低温性、抗挥发性、黏温性和储存稳定性,通过装笔测试对其使用性能进行全面评价,研制的笔芯脂表现出良好的高低温稳定性、耐冲击性和书写随动性,能够全面满足圆珠笔的使用要求.

高温中低渗油藏智能纳米黑卡驱提高采收率技术

当前化学驱储量接替严重不足,亟需攻关突破高温中低渗油藏提高采收率技术。智能纳米黑卡驱油技术是当下极具前瞻性的纳米驱油技术,可大幅度提高采收率。针对河南油田高温中低渗油藏,开展高温条件下纳米黑卡静态性能评价,并通过高温岩心驱替实验评价不同渗透率条件下智能纳米黑卡驱油效果。结果表明,智能纳米黑卡具有优异的耐高温性能,分散稳定性好,能够降低油水界面张力至10^(-1)mN/m,并具有改变润湿性和快速乳化与破乳性能。同时,纳米黑卡具有高效的洗油能力,在95℃下注入0.3 PV的质量分数为0.005%的智能纳米黑卡溶液,在目标油田不同渗透率(50×10^(-3)~450×10^(-3)μm^(2))条件下可提高采收率15.8百分点~20.0百分点。因此,智能纳米黑卡驱油技术适用于河南油田高温中低渗油藏提高采收率。

基于FBG信号和DECE-PCA-BHOSVM的变压器绕组径向松动状态评估

变压器作为电力系统的关键设备,其绕组松动状态的识别对电网的稳定运行具有重要意义。针对传统监测方法环境干扰较大、应用复杂等问题,提出了使用两类不同的布拉格光纤光栅(Fiber bragg grating,FBG)传感器采集变压器绕组关键测点温度与应变信号,经快速解耦与自适应噪声完备集合经验模态分解后(Fast decoupling and complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise,DECE),提取关键参数并进行主元分析(Principal component analysis,PCA)。对降维后的特征采用基于黑洞优化的支持向量机(Support vector machine based on black hole optimization,BHOSVM)进行分类,实现对变压器绕组径向松动状态的监测与定位。诊断结果表明,所提诊断方法对变压器绕组径向松动状态的识别准确率达到96.8%。

油脂改性环氧聚合物在“白改黑”路面改造铺装中的应用研究

为实现原有的混凝土刚性路面朝着黏结力高且韧性好的弹性聚合物路面的改造(“白改黑”),本研究开发了新型的油脂改性环氧聚合物体系,可用于 “白改黑”路面改造项目中的薄层路面铺装,并详细研究了常温条件下固化时间对材料力学性能的影响,研究结果表明24?h后材料的力学强度可达到使用要求,材料的耐水性和耐酸碱性优异,所制备材料完全符合道路快速修复路面“白改黑”项目中的使用。

基于3D打印和纳米黑卡技术提高缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层采收率

为有效改善塔河油田缝洞型油藏因注水注气开发而导致产量逐年降低的问题,通过3D打印技术制作3种等比例缩小的三维可视化缝洞储集体物理模型,包括风化壳、断控岩溶、暗河储集体模型。通过透射显微镜和原子力显微镜表征了片状纳米黑卡的微观结构,研究了纳米黑卡的油水界面吸附性、润湿反转性及在3种物理模型中的驱油效果,结合矿场实际情况选取两类典型结构单元井组开展井间驱替和单井替油矿场先导试验。结果表明,纳米黑卡的平均尺寸约为80×60×1.2(nm),比表面积大;具有良好的两亲性,可在油/水界面形成稳定的吸附层;具有良好的润湿反转性,可将石英片表面由油湿改变为水湿。在风化壳、暗河、断控岩溶三维模型中,纳米黑卡驱可在水驱基础上分别提高原油采收率11百分点、8百分点、7百分点,风化壳储集体受益效果最明显。15轮次矿场试验结果表明,纳米黑卡驱油不适用于3种岩溶储集空间的单井替油开采方式;风化壳暗河岩溶储集空间构成的井组具有良好的井间联通性和较高的受效程度,为最佳矿场应用选择区域。矿场受效率高达85.7%,且增油量显著,累计增油约5000吨。研究结果为塔河油田缝洞型油藏后续开展纳米黑卡驱油技术提供现场指导理论依据。

基于FastCAE的油气藏模拟黑油模型仿真分析应用

在油藏数值模拟领域,黑油模型是最为成熟和广泛应用的模型,成熟地掌握黑油模型的求解、仿真模拟技术对于油气田开发生产具有极强的现实意义.为了加强对石油渗流规律的认识,本文首先通过Python语言实现了黑油模型,并通过Bendiksen、W&G、MAE三种算法进行对比;其次,使用Pyinstaller封装技术将Python语言模型转换成.exe格式的黑油模型数值求解器;最后,将.exe格式的黑油模型求解器引入到FastCAE开源平台中,实现油田场景下可使用的黑油模型的模块化开发.

基于GC-MS的保留指数分析黑胡椒精油挥发性成分

为分析海南产黑胡椒精油中的挥发性成分,为公众进一步开发利用黑胡椒提供科学依据,采用水蒸气蒸馏法制备了黑胡椒精油,并基于气相色谱-质谱联用技术结合保留指数对精油成分进行了定性分析。从黑胡椒精油中鉴定出了27种主要的挥发性成分,含量较高的组分为β-石竹烯(23.91%)、柠檬烯(17.23%)、3-蒈烯(19.30%)、β-蒎烯(7.83%)和石竹烯氧化物(3.01%)。对δ-杜松烯、柠檬烯、顺式香桧醇(cis-sabinol)、cyclohexene, 3-methyl-6-(1-methylethylidene)-(萜品油烯)、cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethylidene)-(萜品油烯)、对伞花烃(P-cymene)进行鉴定,使精油的定性结果更准确、可靠。

乙烯基非交联电缆屏蔽料性能与分散剂含量关系研究

非交联绝缘材料具有优异的电气机械性能,同时生产能耗少、可回收利用,成为目前电缆绝缘料的研究热点,但与之匹配的非交联半导电屏蔽料的研究还鲜有报道。导电炭黑的分散性对屏蔽料的性能影响重大。文中选用线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)为基体树脂,白油为分散剂,采用熔融共混法制备了非交联电缆屏蔽料。研究了白油含量对屏蔽料中炭黑分散、结晶性能、体积电阻率和机械性能的影响。结果表明添加白油会促进炭黑的分散,但白油含量过大会降低屏蔽料的结晶度,增加其体积电阻率并降低拉伸强度和断裂伸长率。当白油含量为2 wt%时,屏蔽料体积电阻率最小,力学性能最佳。该研究为非交联半导电屏蔽料在乙烯基非交联电缆的应用研究提供了参考。

Dietary black soldier fly oil enhances growth performance,flesh quality,and health status of largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides)

The study aimed to assess the effects of dietary black soldier fly oil(BSFO)on the growth performance,flesh quality,and health status of largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides).Six iso-nitrogenous and isolipid diets were formulated by substituting fish oil and soybean oil(1/2,wt/wt)with BSFO in percentages of 0%,20%,40%,60%,80%,and 100%,respectively.The diets were fed to 960 fish(initial body weight=16.5 g)in four replicates for 8 weeks.Indicators related to growth performance,body composition,hematology,flesh quality,expression of genes related to inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis,and the response of fish to Aeromonas veronii challenge were analyzed.The results showed that the weight gain rate was numerically improved in all BSFO substitution groups,ranging from 9.3%to 44.0%compared to the control group.The highest survival rate and the lowest hepatosomatic index and condition factor were observed in the BFSO20 group.In terms of flesh quality,the water-holding capacity of the dorsal muscle was elevated with higher levels of dietary BSFO.However,significant changes in texture properties(cohesiveness,gluing,and chewiness)were observed in the BSFO20 group(P<0.05).Six hematological parameters related to glycolipid and liver function were optimized in most of the BFSO substitution groups.Furthermore,the expressions of six inflammation-and apoptosis-related genes(IL-1β,Bcl-xl,BAX,caspase8,TNF-α,and IL-10)were significantly affected by dietary BSFO(P<0.05).Following bacterial challenge,the seven-day cumulative survival rates of fish were considerably increased from 10.0%in the control group to 60.0%and 66.7%in the BSFO80 and BSFO100 groups,respectively.One-variable linear regression analysis revealed that various parameters related to fish growth,flesh quality,and health status were significantly influenced by dietary BSFO substitution levels in a dose-dependent manner(P<0.05).In conclusion,substituting around 20%of dietary fish oil and soybean oil with BSFO is promising in improving the growth performance and flesh quality of M.salmoides.However,to enhance immunity and disease resistance,it is recommended to further increase the inclusion of BSFO in the diet.

黑水虻油的饲用价值及其在饲料中的应用研究进展

黑水虻(Hermetia illucens L.)作为一种腐食性昆虫,可将动物粪便、厨余垃圾、植物残体等有机废弃物转化为自身营养,从而实现资源的绿色高效转化。黑水虻幼虫尤其是脱脂虫粉是优质的饲料蛋白来源,目前有关黑水虻饲料化的研究大多集中在蛋白质营养上,而对黑水虻油脂的相关研究较少。文章阐述了黑水虻油的主要组成,分析其作为饲料的营养价值,总结了影响黑水虻油品质的主要因素,综述了国内外利用黑水虻油代替传统饲料在畜禽、水产及其他动物养殖中的研究进展,提出了一些黑水虻油作为饲料的不足和改进方式,为充分挖掘黑水虻油的应用潜力提供参考。

气相色谱-质谱联用仪测定生干黑芝麻及芝麻油中脂肪酸组成的研究

本研究采用异辛烷作为脂肪酸的提取剂,甲醇钠-甲醇作为甲酯化试剂,然后通过气相色谱-质谱联用技术建立Q1-SIM方法,旨在对脂肪酸进行定性和定量分析,从而探索生干黑芝麻及芝麻油中的脂肪酸组成。结果表明:生干黑芝麻和芝麻油中共检测到17种脂肪酸,主要包括C16∶0、C18∶0、C18∶1N9C和C18∶2N6C。此外,我们还发现了5种鲜有报道的脂肪酸成分:C17∶1、C18∶1N9T、C21∶0、C20∶4N6、C20∶5N3,在生干黑芝麻油脂和芝麻油中含量分别为0.019%、0.056%、0.011%、0.013%、0.045%和0.027%、0.112%、0.010%、0.011%、0.052%。

原油水溶性成分对黑苦荞种子萌发及幼苗生理指标的影响

水是植物生长必不可少的因子,石油开发区水环境受到的污染将会对植物生长造成威胁。本研究发现,不同浓度原油水溶性成分对黑苦荞种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响差异显著。原油水溶性成分浓度从0%提高到6%时,胚轴长、根长、发芽率均逐渐升高;而在6%到20%的浓度下,以上指标均呈下降趋势;黑苦荞幼苗中总蛋白质含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及脯氨酸(Pro)含量在不同浓度原油水溶性成分的胁迫下变化趋势不同,蛋白质含量随原油水溶性成分浓度的增加总体趋势表现为下降,MDA含量、SOD活性和Pro含量随着原油水溶性成分浓度的升高呈上升趋势且SOD活性和Pro含量上升较为缓慢。本研究初步探讨了原油水溶性成分对荞麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,为研究原油污染水质对陇东地区荞麦产量和品质的影响奠定了基础。

催化油浆调和炭黑原料油的关键技术研究及工业应用

本研究旨在提升炭黑产品的性能及生产效率,开发了一种新型催化油浆调和技术。针对我国原油重质化导致的油浆量增加问题,通过净化处理工艺高效去除固体颗粒和重组分,优化油浆质量,降低炭黑生产成本,提高炼油企业经济效益,并促进高端特种炭黑产业发展。该项目实现资源循环利用,减少废物排放,响应绿色低碳经济政策,带来显著的社会、经济和环境效益。

高温环境下HNBR基体电池密封材料的开发与耐油性能研究

油浸式冷却系统在储能系统中应用日益广泛,其对密封材料提出了耐油、耐温、耐老化等要求。本文研究了由不同含量(质量分数)炭黑N220补强的氢化丁腈橡胶(HNBR)的高温耐油性能,选择了100℃、125℃以及150℃三个不同的高温环境以及10号和15号两种不同液压油进行了溶胀实验,计算了不同温度与介质下HNBR的质量变化率与传输系数。研究发现,相同温度条件下,随着炭黑N220填充量的增加,HNBR的膨胀程度逐渐增大,但液压油的扩散系数与渗透系数逐渐减小;随着温度的升高,HNBR的膨胀程度、液压油的扩散系数与渗透系数都逐渐增大;相较于15号液压油,HNBR在10号液压油环境中的质量变化以及膨胀程度更小。