Implementing machine learning algorithms in the non-conducive environment of the vehicular network requires some adaptations due to the high computational complexity of these algorithms.K-clustering algorithms are sim...Implementing machine learning algorithms in the non-conducive environment of the vehicular network requires some adaptations due to the high computational complexity of these algorithms.K-clustering algorithms are simplistic,with fast performance and relative accuracy.However,their implementation depends on the initial selection of clusters number(K),the initial clusters’centers,and the clustering metric.This paper investigated using Scott’s histogram formula to estimate the K number and the Link Expiration Time(LET)as a clustering metric.Realistic traffic flows were considered for three maps,namely Highway,Traffic Light junction,and Roundabout junction,to study the effect of road layout on estimating the K number.A fast version of the PAM algorithm was used for clustering with a modification to reduce time complexity.The Affinity propagation algorithm sets the baseline for the estimated K number,and the Medoid Silhouette method is used to quantify the clustering.OMNET++,Veins,and SUMO were used to simulate the traffic,while the related algorithms were implemented in Python.The Scott’s formula estimation of the K number only matched the baseline when the road layout was simple.Moreover,the clustering algorithm required one iteration on average to converge when used with LET.展开更多
This paper delves into the intricate interplay between artificial intelligence(AI)systems and the perpetuation of Anti-Black racism within the United States medical industry.Despite the promising potential of AI to en...This paper delves into the intricate interplay between artificial intelligence(AI)systems and the perpetuation of Anti-Black racism within the United States medical industry.Despite the promising potential of AI to enhance healthcare outcomes and reduce disparities,there is a growing concern that these technologies may inadvertently/advertently exacerbate existing racial inequalities.Focusing specifically on the experiences of Black patients,this research investigates how the following AI components:medical algorithms,machine learning,and natural learning processes are contributing to the unequal distribution of medical resources,diagnosis,and health care treatment of those classified as Black.Furthermore,this review employs a multidisciplinary approach,combining insights from computer science,medical ethics,and social justice theory to analyze the mechanisms through which AI systems may encode and reinforce racial biases.By dissecting the three primary components of AI,this paper aims to present a clear understanding of how these technologies work,how they intersect,and how they may inherently perpetuate harmful stereotypes resulting in negligent outcomes for Black patients.Furthermore,this paper explores the ethical implications of deploying AI in healthcare settings and calls for increased transparency,accountability,and diversity in the development and implementation of these technologies.Finally,it is important that I prefer the following paper with a clear and concise definition of what I refer to as Anti-Black racism throughout the text.Therefore,I assert the following:Anti-Black racism refers to prejudice,discrimination,or antagonism directed against individuals or communities of African descent based on their race.It involves the belief in the inherent superiority of one race over another and the systemic and institutional practices that perpetuate inequality and disadvantage for Black people.Furthermore,I proclaim that this form of racism can be manifested in various ways,such as unequal access to opportunities,resources,education,employment,and fair treatment within social,economic,and political systems.It is also pertinent to acknowledge that Anti-Black racism is deeply rooted in historical and societal structures throughout the U.S.borders and beyond,leading to systemic disadvantages and disparities that impact the well-being and life chances of Black individuals and communities.Addressing Anti-Black racism involves recognizing and challenging both individual attitudes and systemic structures that contribute to discrimination and inequality.Efforts to combat Anti-Black racism include promoting awareness,education,advocacy for policy changes,and fostering a culture of inclusivity and equality.展开更多
We compare Newton’s force law of universal gravitation with a corrected simple approach based on Bhandari’s recently presented work, where the gravitation constant G is maintained. A reciprocity relation exists betw...We compare Newton’s force law of universal gravitation with a corrected simple approach based on Bhandari’s recently presented work, where the gravitation constant G is maintained. A reciprocity relation exists between both alternative gravity formulas with respect to the distances between mass centers. We conclude a one-to-one mapping of the two gravitational formulas. We don’t need Einstein’s construct of spacetime bending by matter.展开更多
Michel Foucault in Security, Territory, Population: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1977-1978 argues, that there has never been such a thing as an anti-pastoral revolution in Western societies. Yes, we have ha...Michel Foucault in Security, Territory, Population: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1977-1978 argues, that there has never been such a thing as an anti-pastoral revolution in Western societies. Yes, we have had revolutions against the disciplinary apparatus and legal devices of power (schools, hospitals, prisons) and we have had examples of revolutions against the economic foundations of social inequality, but there has never been a genuine revolution against pastoral power as a power relating to the conduct of individuals (but also entire social groups) and their disposition to “voluntary submission” to the will of external authorities. In my paper, I would like to reflect on this thesis, and taking it quite seriously, to look for examples of such revolutions. One of them is a women’s strike in Poland during the power of the conservative government of “Law and Justice”. Mainly referring to the texts of Silvia Federici and Paul Preciado, I will want to reflect on contemporary practices of reclaiming the body in contemporary capitalism. I will defend the thesis that regaining control over sexuality and reproduction means changing the material conditions of life and modern reproductive technologies.展开更多
We obtain a Black Scholes formula for the arbitrage free pricing of European Call options with constant coefficients when the underlying stock generates dividends. To hedge the Call option, we will always borrow mon...We obtain a Black Scholes formula for the arbitrage free pricing of European Call options with constant coefficients when the underlying stock generates dividends. To hedge the Call option, we will always borrow money form bank. We see the influence of the dividend term on the option pricing via the comparison theorem of BSDE(backward stochastic differential equation,). We also consider the option pricing problem in terms of the borrowing rate R which is not equal to the interest rate r. The corresponding Black Scholes formula is given. We notice that it is in fact the borrowing rate that plays the role in the pricing formula.展开更多
The Noether current and its variation relation with respect to diffeomorphism invariance of gravitationaltheories have been derived from the horizontal variation and vertical-horizontal bi-variation of the Lagrangian,...The Noether current and its variation relation with respect to diffeomorphism invariance of gravitationaltheories have been derived from the horizontal variation and vertical-horizontal bi-variation of the Lagrangian, respec-tively. For Einstein's GR in the stationary, axisymmetric black holes, the mass formula in vacuum can be derived fromthis Noether current although it definitely vanishes. This indicates that the mass formula of black holes is a vanishingNoether charge in this case. The first law of black hole thermodynamics can also be derived from the variation relationof this vanishing Noether current.展开更多
While the Bushen Yizhi Formula can treat Alzheimer’s disease(AD),the yet to be ascertained specific mechanism of action was explored in this work.Methods:Different concentrations of the Bushen Yizhi Formula and amylo...While the Bushen Yizhi Formula can treat Alzheimer’s disease(AD),the yet to be ascertained specific mechanism of action was explored in this work.Methods:Different concentrations of the Bushen Yizhi Formula and amyloid-beta peptide(Aβ)were used to treat rat pheochromocytoma cells(P12)and human neuroblastoma cells(SH-SY5Y).Cell morphological changes were observed to determine the in vitro cell damage.Cell Counting Kit(CCK)-8 assay and flow cytometry were employed to identify cell viability and apoptosis/cell cycle,respectively.Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were employed to measure the expressions of endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS)-related proteins(GRP78 and CHOP),p-IRE1α,IRE1α,ASK1,p-JNK,JNK,Bax,Bcl-2,XBP-1,and Bim.Fura 2-acetoxymethyl ester(Fura-2/AM)was used to determine the intracellular calcium(Ca^(2+))concentration.Also,an AD model was constructed by injecting Aβinto the CA1 area of the hippocampus in Sprague Dawley rats.AD model rats were gavaged with different concentrations of Bushen Yizhi Formula for 14 consecutive days.The Morris water maze experiment was conducted to test the learning and memory of rats.Hematoxylin&Eosin(H&E)and Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl Transferase(TdT)-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling(TUNEL)staining were done to determine histopathological changes in the brain.Results:Bushen Yizhi Formula relieved the Aβ-induced effects including cell injury,decreased viability,increased apoptosis,G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest,upregulation of GRP78,CHOP,p-IRE1α,p-JNK,Bax,XBP-1 and Bim,as well as down-regulation of Bcl-2.These results were also seen with IRE1αsilencing.While Aβsuppressed the learning and memory abilities of rats,the Bushen Yizhi Formula alleviated these effects of Aβ.Brain nerve cell injury induced by Aβcould also be treated with Bushen Yizhi Formula.Conclusion:Bushen Yizhi Formula could influence ERS through the IRE1αsignaling pathway to achieve its therapeutic effects on AD.展开更多
This research aims to integrate Bekenstein’s bound and Landauer’s principle, providing a unified framework to understand the limits of information and energy in physical systems. By combining these principles, we ex...This research aims to integrate Bekenstein’s bound and Landauer’s principle, providing a unified framework to understand the limits of information and energy in physical systems. By combining these principles, we explore the implications for black hole thermodynamics, astrophysics, astronomy, information theory, and the search for new laws of nature. The result includes an estimation of the number of bits stored in a black hole (less than 1.4 × 10<sup>30</sup> bits/m<sup>3</sup>), enhancing our understanding of information storage in extreme gravitational environments. This integration offers valuable insights into the fundamental nature of information and energy, impacting scientific advancements in multiple disciplines.展开更多
The Noether current and its variation relation with respect to diffeomorphism invariance of gravitational theories have been derived from the horizontal variation and vertical-horizontal bi-variation of the Lagrangian...The Noether current and its variation relation with respect to diffeomorphism invariance of gravitational theories have been derived from the horizontal variation and vertical-horizontal bi-variation of the Lagrangian,respectively.For Einstein's GR in the stationary,axisymmetric black holes,the mass formula in vacuum can be derived from this Noether current although it definitely vanishes.This indicates that the mass formula of black holes is a vanishing Noether charge in this case.The first law of black hole thermodynamics can also be derived from the variation relation of this vanishing Noether current.展开更多
We consider an economic model with a deterministic money market account and a finite set of basic economic risks. The real-world prices of the risks are represented by continuous time stochastic processes satisfying a...We consider an economic model with a deterministic money market account and a finite set of basic economic risks. The real-world prices of the risks are represented by continuous time stochastic processes satisfying a stochastic differential equation of diffusion type. For the simple class of log-normally distributed instantaneous rates of return, we construct an explicit state-price deflator. Since this includes the Black-Scholes and the Vasicek (Ornstein-Uhlenbeck) return models, the considered deflator is called Black-Scholes- Vasicek deflator. Besides a new elementary proof of the Black-Scholes and Margrabe option pricing formulas a validation of these in a multiple risk economy is achieved.展开更多
Objective:Parkinson’s disease(PD)is the second largest neurodegenerative disease following Alzheimer’s disease(AD),which associated with aging.There are many similarities in pathology and pathogenesis,even in the TC...Objective:Parkinson’s disease(PD)is the second largest neurodegenerative disease following Alzheimer’s disease(AD),which associated with aging.There are many similarities in pathology and pathogenesis,even in the TCM theory understanding,so we can learn from each other in the process of drug discovery.The clinical results showed that Bushen-Yizhi formula(BSYZ)could effectively improve the neurological function score of senile dementia patients and had a better anti-dementia effect.Further pharmacological studies showed that BSYZ had neuroprotective effects,such as anti-inflammatory,anti-oxidation,anti-apoptosis and neurotrophic effects.In this study,the therapeutic effect of BSYZ on PD was evaluated in vivo and in vivo,and its molecular mechanism was discussed in order to expand the scope of application of BSYZ and to provide strategies for drug discovery of related neurodegenerative diseases.Methods:C57 BL/6 mice were injected intraperitoneally with MPTP to construct a PD mouse model.BSYZ(1.46,2.92,5.84 mg·kg-1)was administered for two weeks,and the positive control group was given a NSAID,piroxicam(12.5 mg·kg-1).After 1 week of pretreatment,MPTP was used to construct a PD mouse model.The mice were subjected to Rotation test on days 1,3 and 5,6th day.and the movement coordination and exercise ability of the drug on PD mice were observed on theThe number of TH-positive cells,Iba1 and CD68-labeled microglial cells in SNpc region were observed by immunofluorescence to observe the proliferation and activation of microglial cells and GFAP-labeled astrocytes.Western blotting was used to detect the nuclear transfer of NLRP3,Caspase-1,ASC,pro-IL-1β,IL-1βand NF-κB in the midbrain.Results:1.BSYZ could significantly improve the expression of MPTP model mice in the experiment of fatigue and Y-maze,increase the number of neurons in SNpc region and the positive expression of TH protein.2.BSYZ significantly inhibited the number of Iba1/CD68-positive microglial cells in MPTP-model mice and decreased the number of GFAP-positive astrocytes.3.BSYZ significantly inhibited the expression of NLRP3-associated protein in BV2 microglial cells induced by LPS+ATP and inhibited the nuclear transfer of NF-κB.Conclusion:BSYZ can effectively relieve the motor dysfunction of PD model mice,improve the damage of dopaminergic neurons,inhibit the proliferation and activation of microglial cells and astrocytes,and have good anti-MPTPinduced neuroinflammation and neuroinflammation mediated by nuclear transfer of NF-κB.The results show that BSYZ has a good prospect of anti-Parkinson’s disease and provides valuable drug discovery strategies for the related neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
文摘Implementing machine learning algorithms in the non-conducive environment of the vehicular network requires some adaptations due to the high computational complexity of these algorithms.K-clustering algorithms are simplistic,with fast performance and relative accuracy.However,their implementation depends on the initial selection of clusters number(K),the initial clusters’centers,and the clustering metric.This paper investigated using Scott’s histogram formula to estimate the K number and the Link Expiration Time(LET)as a clustering metric.Realistic traffic flows were considered for three maps,namely Highway,Traffic Light junction,and Roundabout junction,to study the effect of road layout on estimating the K number.A fast version of the PAM algorithm was used for clustering with a modification to reduce time complexity.The Affinity propagation algorithm sets the baseline for the estimated K number,and the Medoid Silhouette method is used to quantify the clustering.OMNET++,Veins,and SUMO were used to simulate the traffic,while the related algorithms were implemented in Python.The Scott’s formula estimation of the K number only matched the baseline when the road layout was simple.Moreover,the clustering algorithm required one iteration on average to converge when used with LET.
文摘This paper delves into the intricate interplay between artificial intelligence(AI)systems and the perpetuation of Anti-Black racism within the United States medical industry.Despite the promising potential of AI to enhance healthcare outcomes and reduce disparities,there is a growing concern that these technologies may inadvertently/advertently exacerbate existing racial inequalities.Focusing specifically on the experiences of Black patients,this research investigates how the following AI components:medical algorithms,machine learning,and natural learning processes are contributing to the unequal distribution of medical resources,diagnosis,and health care treatment of those classified as Black.Furthermore,this review employs a multidisciplinary approach,combining insights from computer science,medical ethics,and social justice theory to analyze the mechanisms through which AI systems may encode and reinforce racial biases.By dissecting the three primary components of AI,this paper aims to present a clear understanding of how these technologies work,how they intersect,and how they may inherently perpetuate harmful stereotypes resulting in negligent outcomes for Black patients.Furthermore,this paper explores the ethical implications of deploying AI in healthcare settings and calls for increased transparency,accountability,and diversity in the development and implementation of these technologies.Finally,it is important that I prefer the following paper with a clear and concise definition of what I refer to as Anti-Black racism throughout the text.Therefore,I assert the following:Anti-Black racism refers to prejudice,discrimination,or antagonism directed against individuals or communities of African descent based on their race.It involves the belief in the inherent superiority of one race over another and the systemic and institutional practices that perpetuate inequality and disadvantage for Black people.Furthermore,I proclaim that this form of racism can be manifested in various ways,such as unequal access to opportunities,resources,education,employment,and fair treatment within social,economic,and political systems.It is also pertinent to acknowledge that Anti-Black racism is deeply rooted in historical and societal structures throughout the U.S.borders and beyond,leading to systemic disadvantages and disparities that impact the well-being and life chances of Black individuals and communities.Addressing Anti-Black racism involves recognizing and challenging both individual attitudes and systemic structures that contribute to discrimination and inequality.Efforts to combat Anti-Black racism include promoting awareness,education,advocacy for policy changes,and fostering a culture of inclusivity and equality.
文摘We compare Newton’s force law of universal gravitation with a corrected simple approach based on Bhandari’s recently presented work, where the gravitation constant G is maintained. A reciprocity relation exists between both alternative gravity formulas with respect to the distances between mass centers. We conclude a one-to-one mapping of the two gravitational formulas. We don’t need Einstein’s construct of spacetime bending by matter.
文摘Michel Foucault in Security, Territory, Population: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1977-1978 argues, that there has never been such a thing as an anti-pastoral revolution in Western societies. Yes, we have had revolutions against the disciplinary apparatus and legal devices of power (schools, hospitals, prisons) and we have had examples of revolutions against the economic foundations of social inequality, but there has never been a genuine revolution against pastoral power as a power relating to the conduct of individuals (but also entire social groups) and their disposition to “voluntary submission” to the will of external authorities. In my paper, I would like to reflect on this thesis, and taking it quite seriously, to look for examples of such revolutions. One of them is a women’s strike in Poland during the power of the conservative government of “Law and Justice”. Mainly referring to the texts of Silvia Federici and Paul Preciado, I will want to reflect on contemporary practices of reclaiming the body in contemporary capitalism. I will defend the thesis that regaining control over sexuality and reproduction means changing the material conditions of life and modern reproductive technologies.
文摘We obtain a Black Scholes formula for the arbitrage free pricing of European Call options with constant coefficients when the underlying stock generates dividends. To hedge the Call option, we will always borrow money form bank. We see the influence of the dividend term on the option pricing via the comparison theorem of BSDE(backward stochastic differential equation,). We also consider the option pricing problem in terms of the borrowing rate R which is not equal to the interest rate r. The corresponding Black Scholes formula is given. We notice that it is in fact the borrowing rate that plays the role in the pricing formula.
文摘The Noether current and its variation relation with respect to diffeomorphism invariance of gravitationaltheories have been derived from the horizontal variation and vertical-horizontal bi-variation of the Lagrangian, respec-tively. For Einstein's GR in the stationary, axisymmetric black holes, the mass formula in vacuum can be derived fromthis Noether current although it definitely vanishes. This indicates that the mass formula of black holes is a vanishingNoether charge in this case. The first law of black hole thermodynamics can also be derived from the variation relationof this vanishing Noether current.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[81904266,82004309].
文摘While the Bushen Yizhi Formula can treat Alzheimer’s disease(AD),the yet to be ascertained specific mechanism of action was explored in this work.Methods:Different concentrations of the Bushen Yizhi Formula and amyloid-beta peptide(Aβ)were used to treat rat pheochromocytoma cells(P12)and human neuroblastoma cells(SH-SY5Y).Cell morphological changes were observed to determine the in vitro cell damage.Cell Counting Kit(CCK)-8 assay and flow cytometry were employed to identify cell viability and apoptosis/cell cycle,respectively.Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were employed to measure the expressions of endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS)-related proteins(GRP78 and CHOP),p-IRE1α,IRE1α,ASK1,p-JNK,JNK,Bax,Bcl-2,XBP-1,and Bim.Fura 2-acetoxymethyl ester(Fura-2/AM)was used to determine the intracellular calcium(Ca^(2+))concentration.Also,an AD model was constructed by injecting Aβinto the CA1 area of the hippocampus in Sprague Dawley rats.AD model rats were gavaged with different concentrations of Bushen Yizhi Formula for 14 consecutive days.The Morris water maze experiment was conducted to test the learning and memory of rats.Hematoxylin&Eosin(H&E)and Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl Transferase(TdT)-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling(TUNEL)staining were done to determine histopathological changes in the brain.Results:Bushen Yizhi Formula relieved the Aβ-induced effects including cell injury,decreased viability,increased apoptosis,G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest,upregulation of GRP78,CHOP,p-IRE1α,p-JNK,Bax,XBP-1 and Bim,as well as down-regulation of Bcl-2.These results were also seen with IRE1αsilencing.While Aβsuppressed the learning and memory abilities of rats,the Bushen Yizhi Formula alleviated these effects of Aβ.Brain nerve cell injury induced by Aβcould also be treated with Bushen Yizhi Formula.Conclusion:Bushen Yizhi Formula could influence ERS through the IRE1αsignaling pathway to achieve its therapeutic effects on AD.
文摘This research aims to integrate Bekenstein’s bound and Landauer’s principle, providing a unified framework to understand the limits of information and energy in physical systems. By combining these principles, we explore the implications for black hole thermodynamics, astrophysics, astronomy, information theory, and the search for new laws of nature. The result includes an estimation of the number of bits stored in a black hole (less than 1.4 × 10<sup>30</sup> bits/m<sup>3</sup>), enhancing our understanding of information storage in extreme gravitational environments. This integration offers valuable insights into the fundamental nature of information and energy, impacting scientific advancements in multiple disciplines.
文摘The Noether current and its variation relation with respect to diffeomorphism invariance of gravitational theories have been derived from the horizontal variation and vertical-horizontal bi-variation of the Lagrangian,respectively.For Einstein's GR in the stationary,axisymmetric black holes,the mass formula in vacuum can be derived from this Noether current although it definitely vanishes.This indicates that the mass formula of black holes is a vanishing Noether charge in this case.The first law of black hole thermodynamics can also be derived from the variation relation of this vanishing Noether current.
文摘We consider an economic model with a deterministic money market account and a finite set of basic economic risks. The real-world prices of the risks are represented by continuous time stochastic processes satisfying a stochastic differential equation of diffusion type. For the simple class of log-normally distributed instantaneous rates of return, we construct an explicit state-price deflator. Since this includes the Black-Scholes and the Vasicek (Ornstein-Uhlenbeck) return models, the considered deflator is called Black-Scholes- Vasicek deflator. Besides a new elementary proof of the Black-Scholes and Margrabe option pricing formulas a validation of these in a multiple risk economy is achieved.
文摘Objective:Parkinson’s disease(PD)is the second largest neurodegenerative disease following Alzheimer’s disease(AD),which associated with aging.There are many similarities in pathology and pathogenesis,even in the TCM theory understanding,so we can learn from each other in the process of drug discovery.The clinical results showed that Bushen-Yizhi formula(BSYZ)could effectively improve the neurological function score of senile dementia patients and had a better anti-dementia effect.Further pharmacological studies showed that BSYZ had neuroprotective effects,such as anti-inflammatory,anti-oxidation,anti-apoptosis and neurotrophic effects.In this study,the therapeutic effect of BSYZ on PD was evaluated in vivo and in vivo,and its molecular mechanism was discussed in order to expand the scope of application of BSYZ and to provide strategies for drug discovery of related neurodegenerative diseases.Methods:C57 BL/6 mice were injected intraperitoneally with MPTP to construct a PD mouse model.BSYZ(1.46,2.92,5.84 mg·kg-1)was administered for two weeks,and the positive control group was given a NSAID,piroxicam(12.5 mg·kg-1).After 1 week of pretreatment,MPTP was used to construct a PD mouse model.The mice were subjected to Rotation test on days 1,3 and 5,6th day.and the movement coordination and exercise ability of the drug on PD mice were observed on theThe number of TH-positive cells,Iba1 and CD68-labeled microglial cells in SNpc region were observed by immunofluorescence to observe the proliferation and activation of microglial cells and GFAP-labeled astrocytes.Western blotting was used to detect the nuclear transfer of NLRP3,Caspase-1,ASC,pro-IL-1β,IL-1βand NF-κB in the midbrain.Results:1.BSYZ could significantly improve the expression of MPTP model mice in the experiment of fatigue and Y-maze,increase the number of neurons in SNpc region and the positive expression of TH protein.2.BSYZ significantly inhibited the number of Iba1/CD68-positive microglial cells in MPTP-model mice and decreased the number of GFAP-positive astrocytes.3.BSYZ significantly inhibited the expression of NLRP3-associated protein in BV2 microglial cells induced by LPS+ATP and inhibited the nuclear transfer of NF-κB.Conclusion:BSYZ can effectively relieve the motor dysfunction of PD model mice,improve the damage of dopaminergic neurons,inhibit the proliferation and activation of microglial cells and astrocytes,and have good anti-MPTPinduced neuroinflammation and neuroinflammation mediated by nuclear transfer of NF-κB.The results show that BSYZ has a good prospect of anti-Parkinson’s disease and provides valuable drug discovery strategies for the related neurodegenerative diseases.