Quantum Unruh Effect on Radiation of Black Holes

The quantum Unruh effect on radiation of a gravitational object including a black hole is analyzed and calculated. It is surprisingly found that the well-known Hawking radiation of a black hole is not physical. Applying the Stephan-Boltzmann law with the use of the Unruh radiation temperature at the surface of a black hole to calculate the power of radiation of the black hole is conceptually unphysical. This is because the Unruh radiation temperature results from the gravitational field of the object rather than from the thermal motion of matter of the object, so that the Stephan-Boltzmann law is not applicable. This paper shows that the emission power of Unruh radiation from a gravitational object should be calculated in terms of the rate of increase of the total Unruh radiation energy outside the object. The result obtained from this study indicates that a gravitational object can emit Unruh radiation when the variation of its mass and radius satisfies an inequality of dM/M > 1.25dR/R. For a black hole, the emission of Unruh radiation does not occur unless it can loose its mass (dM < 0). The emission power of Unruh radiation is only an extremely tiny part of the rate of mass-energy loss if the black hole is not extremely micro-sized. This study turns down our traditional understanding of the Hawking radiation and thermodynamics of black holes.

The 2.7 K black-body radiation background reference frame

This paper reports that the directional temperature is used to present a scheme for deducing the velocity of the reference frame where the black-body which produces the 2.7 K radiation background is at rest. The new renormalized relativistic thermodynamics lays the foundations of the method.

THEORY OF GRAVITATIONAL RADIATION OF THE(Ω,A_μr)-FIELD

Further exploration of the fteld theory as first proposed by Yu (1989) is here presented to cover the equation of motion of a test particle which induces gravitational radiation. The same theory is shown to contain an exact gravitational radiation equation derived as a logical consequence of field equations without extra postulates. In this general dynamic context the theory is renamed 'The field Theory'.

A General Method to Study the Sound Radiation of a Finite Cylindrical Shell Based on Elastic Theory

A general method was proposed to study the sound and vibration of a finite cylindrical shell with elastic theory. This method was developed through comprehensive analysis of the uncoupled Helmholtz equation obtained by the decomposition of elastic equations and the structure of the solution of a finite cylindrical shell analyzed by thin shell theory. The proposed method is theoretically suitable for arbitrary thickness of the shell and any frequency. Also, the results obtained through the method can be used to determine the range of application of the thin shell theory. Furthermore, the proposed method can deal with the problems limited by the thin shell theory. Additionally, the method can be suitable for several types of complex cylindrical shell such as the ring-stiffened cylindrical shell, damped cylindrical shell, and double cylindrical shell.

Massive particles＇ tunnelling radiation from the black hole with a mass-quadruple moment

In this paper, we extend Zhang and Zhao＇s recent work to the black hole with a mass-quadruple moment. The behaviour of the tunnelling massive particles is investigated, and the emission rate at which massive particles tunnel across the event horizon of the black hole is calculated. The result is consistent with an underlying unitary theory, and takes the same functional form as that of a massless particle.

Vertical variations of wave-induced radiation stress tensor

The distributions of the wave-induced radiation stress tensor over depth are studied by us- ing the linear wave theory, which are divided into three regions, i. e., above the mean water level, be- low the wave trough level, and between these two levels. The computational expressions of the wave-in- duced radiation stress tensor at the arbitrary wave angle are established by means of the Eulerian coordi- nate transformation, and the asymptotic forms for deep and shallow water are also presented. The verti- cal variations of a 30°incident wave-induced radiation stress tensor in deep water, intermediate water and shallow water are calculated respectively. The following conclusions are obtained from computations. The wave-induced radiation stress tensor below the wave trough level is induced by the water wave parti- cle velocities only, whereas both the water wave particle velocities and the wave pressure contribute to the tensor above the wave trough level. The vertical variations of the wave-induced radiation stress ten- sor are influenced substantially by the velocity component in the direction of wave propagation. The dis- tributions of the wave-induced radiation stress tensor over depth are nonuiniform and the proportion of the tensor below the wave trough level becomes considerable in the shallow water. From the water surface to the seabed, the reversed variations occur for the predominant tensor components.

Hawking Radiation of Charged Particles in Reissner-Nordstrm Black Hole

We extend the method that Banerjee and Majhi have used to discuss Hawking radiation. Under the condition that the total energy and electrical charge of spacetime are conserved, we investigate Hawking radiation of the charged black hole by a new Tortoise coordinate transformation. Taking the reaction of the radiation of the particle to the spacetime into consideration, we not only derive the radiation spectrum that satisfies the unitary principle in quantum mechanics but also show that the contribution of ingoing particles is equal to the one of outgoing particles on the similar chemical potential term in radiation spectrum caused by charged particles.

Hawking radiation via tunnelling from general stationary axisymmetric black holes

Hawking radiation is viewed as a tunnelling process. In this way the emission rates of massless particles and massive particles tunnelling across the event horizon of general stationary axisymmetric black holes are calculated, separately. The emission spectra of these two different kinds of outgoing particles have the same functional form and both are consistent with an underlying unitary theory.

Macroscopic lasereplasma interaction under strong non-local transport conditions for coupled matter and radiation

Reliable simulations of laseretarget interaction on the macroscopic scale are burdened by the fact that the energy transport is very often non-local.This means that the mean-free-path of the transported species is larger than the local gradient scale lengths and transport can be no longer considered diffusive.Kinetic simulations are not a feasible option due to tremendous computational demands,limited validity of the collisional operators and inaccurate treatment of thermal radiation.This is the point where hydrodynamic codes with non-local radiation and electron heat transport based on first principles emerge.The simulation code PETE(Plasma Euler and Transport Equations)combines both of them with a laser absorption method based on the Helmholtz equation and a radiation diffusion scheme presented in this article.In the case of modelling ablation processes it can be observed that both,thermal and radiative,transport processes are strongly non-local for laser intensities of 10^(13) W=cm^(2) and above.In this paper simulations for various laser intensities and different ablator materials are presented,where the non-local and diffusive treatments of radiation transport are compared.Significant discrepancies are observed,supporting importance of non-local transport for inertial confinement fusion related studies as well as for pre-pulse generated plasma in ultra-high intensity laseretarget interaction.

Unthermal Hawking Radiation from a General Stationary Black Hole

Using Damour-Ruflini＇s method, Hawking radiation from a general stationary black hole is investigated again deeply. Considering the back reaction of the particle to the space-time and energy conservation, we find that the radiation is not exactly thermal and can take out information from the black hole. This can be used to explain the information loss paradox, and the result is consistent with the works finished before.

RADIATION CHARACTERISTICS OF AIRBORNE SPIRAL ANTENNAS

The radiation fields of the Archimedean spiral antenna are derived by approximating the spiral with a series of semicircles. The computational formulae for calculating the radiation fields of the airborne spiral antennas are developed by using geometrical theory of diffraction (GTD). The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental ones.

A General Model for Analysis of Sound Radiation from Orthogonally Stiffened Laminated Composite Plates

A general theoretical model is developed to investigate the sound radiation from an infinite orthogonally stiffened plate under point excitation force. The plate can be metallic or composite, and fluid loading is also considered in the research. The first order shear deformation theory is used to account for the transverse shear deformation. The motion of the equally spaced stiffeners is examined by considering their bending vibrations and torsional movements. Based on the periodic structure theory and the concepts of the equivalent dynamic flexibility of the plate, the generalized vibro-acoustic equation of the model is obtained by applying the Fourier transform method. The generalized model that can be solved numerically is validated by comparing model predictions with the existing results. Numerical calculations are performed to investigate the effects of the location of the excitation, the spacing of the stiffeners, the plate thickness, the strengthening form and the fiber orientation on the sound radiation characteristic of the orthogonaUy stiffened plate, and some practical conclusions are drawn from these parameter studies.

Molecular Structure and Electronic Spectra of CoS under the Radiation Fields

We optimized the ground-state stable configuration of CoS molecule in different external radiation fields(0-0.04 atomic units(a.u.))at the basis set level of 6-311G++(d,p)using the B3LYP density functional theory.On this basis,the molecular structure,total energy,energy gap,and the intensities of infrared ray(IR)spectra,Raman spectra,and ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis)absorption spectra of CoS molecule were computed using the same method.The results showed that the molecular structure changed greatly under the effect of the external radiation fields and had significant dependency on the radiation fields.The total energy of CoS molecule grew slightly at first and then significantly decreased in a monotonous manner.The bond length,dipole moment,and energy gap of the molecule all reduced at first and then increased,with the turning point all at F=0.025 a.u.of the radiation field.The absorption peak of IR spectra and Raman optical activity both had maximums at F=0.03 a.u.with significant red shift.In the external radiation field of F=0.030 a.u.,the absorption wavelength of the UV-Vis absorption spectra showed large blue shift,and a strong absorption peak was observed.

Quantum Statistical Properties of Resonant Radiation Scattered on Excited Systems

The scattering of resonant radiation on an excited atom is considered. It is shown that the scattering cross section calculated with the help of quantum theory of radiation is five times larger than the one calculated using semi-classical theory. The quantum theory predicts, in general, the change in internal quantum statistical properties of light due to the scattering processes on excited atoms.

The Origin of Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation

This paper explains the Olbers paradox and the origin of cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) from the viewpoint of the quantum redshift effect. The derived formula dispels the Olbers paradox, confirming that the CMBR originates from the superposition of light radiated by stars in the whole universe, not the relic of the Big Bang. The dark-night sky and CMBR are all caused by Hubble redshift—the physical mechanism is the quantum redshift of the photon rather than cosmic expansion. So this theory supports the infinite and steady cosmology.

Acoustomechanical constitutive theory for soft materials

Acoustic wave propagation from surrounding medium into a soft material can generate acoustic radiation stress due to acoustic momentum transfer inside the medium and material, as well as at the interface between the two. To analyze acoustic-induced deformation of soft materials, we establish an acoustomechanical constitutive theory by combining the acoustic radiation stress theory and the nonlinear elasticity theory for soft materials. The acoustic radiation stress tensor is formulated by time averaging the momentum equation of particle motion, which is then introduced into the nonlinear elasticity constitutive relation to construct the acoustomechanical constitutive theory for soft materials.Considering a specified case of soft material sheet subjected to two counter-propagating acoustic waves, we demonstrate the nonlinear large deformation of the soft material and analyze the interaction between acoustic waves and material deformation under the conditions of total reflection, acoustic transparency, and acoustic mismatch.

Geometry model construction in infrared image theory simulation of buildings

Geometric model construction is the basis of infrared image theory simulation. Taking the construction of the geometric model of one building in Harbin as an example, this paper analyzes the theoretical groundings of simplification and principles of geometric model construction of buildings. It then discusses some particular treatment methods in calculating the radiation transfer coefficient in geometric model construction using the Monte Carlo Method.

A Pursuit of Quantum Neuroscience’s Principles: Coherence Field Theory and the Physics of Mind

Some basic physics of burgeoning quantum neuroscience is described. Anatomy of the neuron suggests that nonsynaptic mechanisms of signal transmittance occur via electric current acceleration and companion electromagnetic field fluctuation. I have named this mechanism of solution chemistry the ebb effect. Phase-locking between neural structure and electric fields that are emergent from cellular EM field fluctuations, in addition to feedback loops within neural networks, are the probable driver of macroscopic oscillation and flow shapes in the brain. CEMI (conscious electromagnetic information) theory is a promising framework for explaining intentionality and the spectrum of arousal as EM field effects. Relatively low frequency electromagnetic radiation is emitted by the accelerating electric currents of neurons. It is hypothesized that this EM radiation superpositions with molecular structure as it spreads to comprise percepts, the hybrid wavelengths of which form subjective images while wavelength vibrations result in subjective feel. These superposition arrays are termed a coherence field, and in combination with the synchronizing influence of quantum entanglement and electromagnetic fluctuations may constitute much of awareness’ substance. If conclusively verified, coherence field theory should have significance ranging from the treatment of perceptual disorders such as anosognosia to advancing foundational constructs like atomic theory.

Theory and application of infrared surveying gas gushing technology in coal-rock roadway

Geological structure and gas expansion when gas pressure was released can affect the distribution of infrared radiation energy or temperature at coal rock surface. From this, the foundation of roadway infrared surveying technical was formed. According to the thermodynamic principle of ideal gas and the law of energy conservation, the relation was established between gas gushing amount from coal rock and air temperature to fall in roadway. At the same time, this paper has analyzed coal rock density change that geological structure aroused and the change exerted influences on infrared radiation power at surface, as well as, has analyzed the infrared radiation feature of gas gushing at geological structure district. Application results show that infrared survey technology can be used to analyze and forecast the change of coal rock gas gushing effectively, and to guide the enforcement of the roadway gas project of prevention and handling economically.

Black Holes in the Light of Field Theory and Quantum Mechanics

The black hole is a region in space where things may fall into it but nothing can come out. We present a study of the physics of a black hole using a quantum field theory frame based on the WZW model in a suitable mathematical frame. Based on the Schwarzschild metric, we show the different regions of our universe with the present singularities. Then we introduce the calculation of a black hole mass using the perturbation theory. We further discuss Hawking radiation and its quantum mechanical implications. At some limits, the space time can represent a black hole with a singularity hidden by the horizon.