For those refineries which have to deal with different types of crude oil, blending is an attractive solution to obtain a quality feedstock. In this paper, a novel scheduling strategy is proposed for a practical crude...For those refineries which have to deal with different types of crude oil, blending is an attractive solution to obtain a quality feedstock. In this paper, a novel scheduling strategy is proposed for a practical crude oil blending process. The objective is to keep the property of feedstock, mainly described by the true boiling point (TBP) data, consistent and suitable. Firstly, the mathematical model is established. Then, a heuristically initialized hybrid iterative (HIHI) algorithm based on a two-level optimization structure, in which tabu search (TS) and differential evolution (DE) are used for upper-level and lower-level optimization, respectively, is proposed to get the model solution. Finally, the effectiveness and efficiency of the scheduling strategy is validated via real data from a certain refinery.展开更多
Refineries often need to find similar crude oil to replace the scarce crude oil for stabilizing the feedstock property. We introduced the method for calculation of crude blended properties firstly, and then created a ...Refineries often need to find similar crude oil to replace the scarce crude oil for stabilizing the feedstock property. We introduced the method for calculation of crude blended properties firstly, and then created a crude oil selection and blending optimization model based on the data of crude oil property. The model is a mixed-integer nonlinear programming(MINLP) with constraints, and the target is to maximize the similarity between the blended crude oil and the objective crude oil. Furthermore, the model takes into account the selection of crude oils and their blending ratios simultaneously, and transforms the problem of looking for similar crude oil into the crude oil selection and blending optimization problem. We applied the Improved Cuckoo Search(ICS) algorithm to solving the model. Through the simulations, ICS was compared with the genetic algorithm, the particle swarm optimization algorithm and the CPLEX solver. The results show that ICS has very good optimization efficiency. The blending solution can provide a reference for refineries to find the similar crude oil. And the method proposed can also give some references to selection and blending optimization of other materials.展开更多
Mixed crude palm oil （MCPO）, the mixture of palm fiber oil and palm kernel oil, has become of great interest as a renewable energy source. It can be easily extracted from whole dried palm fruits. In the present work...Mixed crude palm oil （MCPO）, the mixture of palm fiber oil and palm kernel oil, has become of great interest as a renewable energy source. It can be easily extracted from whole dried palm fruits. In the present work, the degummed, deacidified MCPO was blended in petroleum diesel at portions of 30% and 40% by volume and then tested in agricultural diesel engines for long term usage. The particulates from the exhaust of the engines were collected every 500 hr using a four-stage cascade air sampler. The 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameters for the first three stages were 10, 2.5 and 1μm, while the last stage collected all particles smaller than 1 μm. Sixteen particle bounded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） were analyzed using a high performance liquid chromatography. The results indicated that the size distribution of particulate matter was in the accmnulation mode and the pattern of total PAHs associated with fine-particles （〈 1 μm） showed a dominance of larger molecular weight PAHs （4--6 aromatic rings）, especially pyrene. The mass median diameter, PM and total PAH concentrations decreased when increasing the palm oil content, but increased when the running hours of the engine were increased. In addition, Commercial petroleum diesel （PB0） gave the highest value of carcinogenic potency equivalent （BaPeq） for all particle size ranges. As the palm oil was increased, the; BaPeq decreased gradually. Therefore the degununed-deacidified MCPO blends are recommended for diesel substitute.展开更多
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China （2007AA04Z193） the National Natural Science Foundation of China （60974008 60704032）
文摘For those refineries which have to deal with different types of crude oil, blending is an attractive solution to obtain a quality feedstock. In this paper, a novel scheduling strategy is proposed for a practical crude oil blending process. The objective is to keep the property of feedstock, mainly described by the true boiling point (TBP) data, consistent and suitable. Firstly, the mathematical model is established. Then, a heuristically initialized hybrid iterative (HIHI) algorithm based on a two-level optimization structure, in which tabu search (TS) and differential evolution (DE) are used for upper-level and lower-level optimization, respectively, is proposed to get the model solution. Finally, the effectiveness and efficiency of the scheduling strategy is validated via real data from a certain refinery.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21365008)the Science Foundation of Guangxi province of China(No.2012GXNSFAA053230)
文摘Refineries often need to find similar crude oil to replace the scarce crude oil for stabilizing the feedstock property. We introduced the method for calculation of crude blended properties firstly, and then created a crude oil selection and blending optimization model based on the data of crude oil property. The model is a mixed-integer nonlinear programming(MINLP) with constraints, and the target is to maximize the similarity between the blended crude oil and the objective crude oil. Furthermore, the model takes into account the selection of crude oils and their blending ratios simultaneously, and transforms the problem of looking for similar crude oil into the crude oil selection and blending optimization problem. We applied the Improved Cuckoo Search(ICS) algorithm to solving the model. Through the simulations, ICS was compared with the genetic algorithm, the particle swarm optimization algorithm and the CPLEX solver. The results show that ICS has very good optimization efficiency. The blending solution can provide a reference for refineries to find the similar crude oil. And the method proposed can also give some references to selection and blending optimization of other materials.
基金supports from Prince of Songkla University(an annual research grant for fiscal years 2008-2010),the Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry(PERCH-CIC),Office of the Higher Education Commission,Ministry of Education,Thailandthe Chaipattana Foundation under the support of the King of Thailand
文摘Mixed crude palm oil （MCPO）, the mixture of palm fiber oil and palm kernel oil, has become of great interest as a renewable energy source. It can be easily extracted from whole dried palm fruits. In the present work, the degummed, deacidified MCPO was blended in petroleum diesel at portions of 30% and 40% by volume and then tested in agricultural diesel engines for long term usage. The particulates from the exhaust of the engines were collected every 500 hr using a four-stage cascade air sampler. The 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameters for the first three stages were 10, 2.5 and 1μm, while the last stage collected all particles smaller than 1 μm. Sixteen particle bounded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） were analyzed using a high performance liquid chromatography. The results indicated that the size distribution of particulate matter was in the accmnulation mode and the pattern of total PAHs associated with fine-particles （〈 1 μm） showed a dominance of larger molecular weight PAHs （4--6 aromatic rings）, especially pyrene. The mass median diameter, PM and total PAH concentrations decreased when increasing the palm oil content, but increased when the running hours of the engine were increased. In addition, Commercial petroleum diesel （PB0） gave the highest value of carcinogenic potency equivalent （BaPeq） for all particle size ranges. As the palm oil was increased, the; BaPeq decreased gradually. Therefore the degununed-deacidified MCPO blends are recommended for diesel substitute.
