Research Characteristics of Thermal Comfort of Urban Block Landscape Based on Knowledge Graph Analysis

The landscape environment of urban blocks plays a significant role in improving the comfort of urban thermal environment and promoting green and high-quality development.The 342 papers related to the research on the impact of urban block landscape environment on thermal comfort in China,collected by CNKI(China National Knowledge Infrastructure)from 2002 to 2022,are used as the research object.Through bibliometric statistical analysis,LLR algorithm,and cluster analysis,the current research status of the impact of urban block landscape environment on thermal comfort in China is analyzed and processed,and its external characteristics are identified.Using the information visualization software CiteSpace,the research topics in the field of the impact of urban block landscape environment on thermal comfort are presented in the form of knowledge graphs.Through co-occurrence analysis of keywords and trend of word frequency changes,the development trends of research hotspots and cutting-edge fields of the impact of urban block landscape environment on thermal comfort are determined,hoping to provide reference for future research in this field.

Application of Earth Art in Landscape Reconstruction of Urban Industrial Wasteland

The ecological environment of industrial wasteland has been severely damaged,and problems such as environmental pollution,sharp decline in biodiversity,and ecological damage frequently occur.Therefore,reasonable renovation of industrial wasteland has become an urgent issue to be resolved.Earth art originates from nature and integrates with industrial wasteland,which plays a guiding role in promoting the upgrading and transformation of industrial wasteland landscapes,and is of great significance for the healthy development of urban environment,improving urban human settlements,and other issues.The combination of land art and urban industrial wasteland landscape transformation can guide the healthy development of urban environment.

The Research on Land-Use Change and Ecological Environment Effect of Urban Landscape in China

The rapid expansion of urban construction land has become the major characteristic of urban land-use change in China today. Meanwhile, the rapid urbanization process has led to the great changes of urban landscape in China, and it also has had certain impacts on environmental factors such as climate, soil, hydrology, biodiversity, etc., then it has made the overall ecological environment deteriorated. This study is based on the summary and analysis of research on land-use change and ecological environment effect of urban landscape in recent 20 years in China, and it aims at providing scientific bases and theoretical supports for the planning and construction of urban landscape, the sustainable land-use of city and the protection of ecological environment in China.

Landscape Design of the Urban Highway Traffic Gateways——A Case Study of the West Gateway in Yulin City of China

Improving urban gateway landscape environment helps establish positive images of a city, and helps newcomers form proper recognition of the city. Landscape design of the west gateway in Yulin City was taken for example, its natural ecological environment, historical and humanistic environment and modern man-made environment were investigated, and also macro elements analyzed, such as overall urban planning, historical and cultural background of the city, regional environment features. It was to build the west gateway of Yulin City into a landscape transition area for experiencing culture and history of the city, and appreciating characteristic images of this region, and to improve natural ecological conditions of the local area, realize the sustainable development of regional environment.

Analysis of Plant Configuration in Urban Landscape of Xianning City with the Beauty of Naturalness and Harmony

With the analysis of the natural geology, greening status and green plant resources in Xianning City, urban greening status of Xianning City is analyzed as a whole, the important role of plants in urban landscape is elaborated, and the relationship among regional environment, plant configuration and landscape aesthetics is proposed. The aesthetic features are interpreted through the growing habits and individual ornamental features of landscape plants. Landscape beauty presented by plants is emphasized through the aspects of thematic beauty, artistic beauty, composition and rhythm. In the respect of configuration principles of landscape plants, principles of natural, regular and combined configurations are highlighted. The discussion of rational thinking upon plant configuration in urban greening is discussed so as to improve urban ecological environment, save construction investment, and enhance the artistic taste and ornamental value of urban landscape.

Reconstruction of Urban Landscapes and Images——A Case Study of the Post-Disaster Reconstruction of Luoshui Township, Shifang City, Sichuan, China

The reconstruction of Luoshui Township after the Wenchuan Earthquake was taken for an example, geological location, cultural context and original image of the town were analyzed on the basis of historical records and full investigation, functional orientations, cultural elements and landscape elements were summarized. It was proposed that the reconstruction of its landscapes and images should pay more attention to the integration of natural environment and town, function and form, as well as the inheritance and promotion of local cultures, stress "human-centered" designs and planning techniques of "integrating into natural landscapes, shaping the soul of culture". On this basis, planning schemes were given, design focuses, overall structure, planar architectural layout, style selection, landscape design and green space system planning were analyzed, moreover, how to deal with the relationship between city and people, city and environment, city and culture was discussed to find a way to the orderly and sustainable development of city.

Zoning of Urban Green Landscape Types in Shaanxi Province of China

Urban landscaping is to protect, renovate, use and beautify a city and its neighboring areas through designing green spaces, and also build a human settlement with complete ecological functions and beautiful scenery. Zoning of green landscape types in 96 counties (cities, districts) of Shaanxi was discussed; stepwise discriminant analysis and traditional qualitative analysis combined for the zoning; 12 indexes were selected to establish an index system of green landscape zoning, such as climate, soil, landform and fiscal revenue. As a result, urban green landscapes in Shaanxi were classified into 3 Grade-I areas and 6 Grade-II areas. The calculation showed that such a technique was practical for the zoning of urban green landscapes and useful for the future urban landscaping design of Shaanxi.

Planning and Ecological Landscape Design of Urban Constructed Wetland

In addition to purifying water, constructed wetland has become an important ecological landscape in city. The characteristics and key design points of constructed wetland under the ecological principles were explored, taking the Jingyue Lake in Zhongxiang City, Hubei Province for example, treatment processes were designed for different infl ow waters on the basis of site analysis to facilitate the water environment control and ecological landscape construction, ecological theories were applied to explore functional layouts and landscape designs of wetland, to build a favorable ecological environment of urban wetland and design outstanding wetland ecological landscapes.

The Explore of Landscape Planning and Design of Urban Complex Based on the Patch-Corridor-MatrixModel

As intensive urban organization form, urban complex emerged with the fast urbanization of our country. Based on the Patch-Corridor-Matrix model, the author analyzed urban complex landscape structure from the macro, meso and micro level, and also analyzed the relationship between urban complex and urban systems, the interact between functional patches, the landscape process and requirement of people from the three levels, proposed the main points of the planning and design of the environment landscape of urban complex, expect the study above can benefit urban complex＇s practice projects.

Landscape Design of Urban Extensive Green Roofs

This study analyzed the structure and ecological characteristics of extensive green roofs in cities, proposed the concept of combining landscape and ecological environment elements, and expounded the guiding role of green roofs in China's future urban design, in order to provide new ideas for the effective development of the ecological and aesthetic functions of the extensive green roofs in the future urban landscape design.

基于Landsat数据的重庆市热环境时空格局变化研究

针对当前热环境加剧对城市生态环境和人类健康带来的严重威胁,采用辐射传输方程法和Landsat数据对2001年和2019年重庆市主城九区地表温度(Land Surface Temperature,LST)进行反演,对研究区城市热环境时空变化进行研究。基于此选取景观指数和驱动因子对热力景观格局变化和热环境驱动机制进行研究。结果表明:①2001—2019年,重庆市主城九区城市热环境明显增强,高温区域明显增多且整体向北扩张,到2019年LST总体呈现“内高外低”的分布格局。②中温区最大斑块指数增长了近12倍,代替次低温区成为研究区优势斑块类型。斑块数量和密度均下降了约62%,说明重庆市主城区的热力景观总体上呈聚集化,连通性较强。③NDVI和DEM与LST呈负相关,NDBI与LST呈正相关,影响程度为NDBI>NDVI>DEM。

绿化覆盖率对城市绿地破碎度与地表温度的关系的影响

优化绿地空间配置(如破碎度)是改善城市热环境的有效途径。然而绿地破碎度对城市热环境的影响可能随绿化覆盖率的变化而变化,对改善城市热环境提出了巨大挑战,但相关研究十分缺乏。以长沙市为例,利用Landsat地表温度表征城市热环境,使用解译于高分2号遥感影像的城市绿地图在1 m像元尺度量化绿化覆盖率和绿地破碎度(用绿地边界密度表征)。以419个1 km格网为分析单元,应用分段线性回归揭示绿化覆盖率与绿地破碎度间的非线性关系,识别绿化覆盖率阈值并以此为标准将419个1 km格网划分为高绿化覆盖率区和低绿化覆盖率区。以1 km格网平均地表温度为因变量,绿化覆盖率、绿地破碎度、水体覆盖率和裸地覆盖率为自变量从研究区、高绿化覆盖率区和低覆盖率区3个方面建立多元线性回归模型阐明绿地破碎度对地表温度的影响。最后进行方差分解分析绿化覆盖率、绿地破碎度和其他土地覆盖率对地表温度的独立和联合影响。结果显示,1)绿地破碎度随绿化覆盖率的增加先增加后降低,阈值为44.9%。2)整个研究区,4个指标可解释69.1%的地表温度变异,地表温度随绿化覆盖率、水体覆盖率、裸地覆盖率和绿地破碎度的增加显著降低。3)低绿化覆盖率下绿地破碎度显著影响地表温度,高绿化覆盖率下绿地破碎度对地表温度呈不显著正影响。4)在研究区和不同绿化覆盖率区域,绿化覆盖率对地表温度的独立影响均高于绿地破碎度的独立影响。建议长沙城市绿地规划管理在提高绿化覆盖率的同时可提高低绿化覆盖率区域绿地破碎度以改善城市热环境。

基于网络媒介数据的城市风貌研究综述

随着互联网技术的快速发展,大量的网络媒介数据成为城市研究新的数据源,同时也为城市风貌研究提供海量数据样本和新的研究思路。首先对城市风貌研究中常用的三种数据源(图片、文字和视频)进行对比分析,分别总结其数据特点和研究方法,随后从风貌特征识别(结构特征、变量类型特征和具象空间偏好特征)、城市环境评价(物质环境评价、主观情绪和感知评价)和风貌感知影响机制(空间、社会、经济等多维要素以及媒介技术内容、形式和传播特性的影响)三方面综述了网络媒介数据在城市风貌研究中的应用。最后,对现有研究成果进行总结,分析网络媒介数据在城市研究和规划管控中的巨大应用潜力以及数据缺陷与研究局限性,并探讨未来相关研究的方向和重点。

基于混合用地模式识别的济南市老城区典型片区绿色空间降温效应分析

城市绿色空间可以通过生态系统服务调节功能有效缓解城市热岛效应,降低高温健康胁迫风险。城市中心城区特别是老城区建成环境具有高度异质性,复杂建成环境中绿色空间的降温效应,特别是混合用地模式中绿色空间的降温强度、阈值、形状等还需进一步明晰。在厘清城市热环境影响因素和绿色空间降温机制基础上,构建了“冷热岛分析提取-混合用地模式聚类识别-混合用地模式热效应分析-典型绿色空间降温效应分析”的研究框架。针对当前城市绿地指标失实、结构失衡、功能失调等现实问题,选择济南市老城区典型片区进行实证研究,重点分析了中层建筑混合用地模式中绿色空间的降温强度、降温面积阈值、形状及植被覆盖度等,总结了具有高降温效能的绿色空间模式,为促进城市健康人居环境发展提供借鉴。

城市国际化背景下的宁波历史文化街区多语景观研究

在经济文化全球化的背景下,多语景观作为城市语言多样性和文化交流的重要体现,对于推动城市语言环境的和谐发展具有重要意义。该研究旨在探讨宁波历史文化街区多语景观的现状与发展,并分析其与城市发展和语言政策制定的紧密关系。研究选取了月湖、南塘老街、莲桥第三个具有代表性的历史文化街区作为研究对象,通过田野调查法和分类分析法,对官方和私人语言景观进行深入调查与分析。研究发现,宁波历史文化街区的语言景观整体呈现出以汉语为主、双语和多语标牌并存的特征,但不同区域的多语景观存在差异,反映了不同的语言权势和文化权势。建议在未来城市规划中加强双语标识设置的标准化、规范化和精细化管理,利用现代科技手段提升语言景观的互动性与实用性,以进一步提升城市的国际影响力与竞争力。

“故乡性”与“异乡性”视角下的城市历史声景分析——以近代汉口为例

【目的】历史声景作为一种重要的文化景观遗产,是连接自然与人文、过去与现在、有形与无形的媒介,是城市空间历史发展过程中一种无形的历史见证。探究近代城市空间中历史声景的发展变迁,旨在深度挖掘城市文化景观的人文属性,多维度拓展历史城市保护的内涵。【方法】以近代汉口为例,通过历史文献调研,运用描述性统计分析、视觉分析、对比研究等方法,解读汉口在不同时空环境下历史声景的氛围特点。【结果】揭示了城市空间中历史声景的变迁与转化特征及其背后的动力机制,表明近代城市声景的历史性变迁是“故乡性”与“异乡性”的二元并立。【结论】引导城市更新综合考虑城市原有声音环境以提升城市归属感,有利于城市空间历史记忆的保护与传承。

基于形态空间格局分析与最小累积阻力模型的城市热环境生态网络优化研究

【目的】建立合理的城市热环境生态网络,以缓解城市热岛效应。【方法】以成都市中心城区为研究对象,基于“源-汇”理论,利用形态学空间格局分析方法(MSPA)与景观连通性指数,分别筛选研究区内景观稳定性好、连通性高的“源”“汇”景观作为生态源地;运用最小累积阻力模型、重力模型以及水文分析模块构建和筛选研究区内的重要生态廊道,从而建立缓解城市热环境问题的多层级“源-汇”景观网络。【结果】分别筛选出24个具有重要连通性的“源”“汇”核心斑块作为重要生态源地。构建“源-源”廊道102条,“汇-汇”廊道141条,“源-汇”廊道325条,生态节点103个,障碍点148个。通过综合相交分析,一级补偿廊道主要由岷江、毗河和其他河道构成,二级输送廊道主要分布在“汇”景观较为密集的区域,三级作用廊道主要分布在高强度建设区域。【结论】基于“源-汇”理论构建的多层级生态网络优化格局是有效缓解城市热岛效应的重要举措。图4表3参25.

亨利马蒂斯公园的再野化设计理念对城市自然环境设计的启示

当代城市化进程的加速导致城市的自然环境受到压迫,城市自然环境设计的传统固定模式革新缓慢,因此,城市自然环境设计迫切需要一种综合性的理念来平衡城市发展与生态保护的需求,再野化设计理念应运而生。再野化设计理念与城市自然环境设计的结合体现了人类与自然和谐共生的新模式,为城市居民提供更好的自然体验。首先通过分析城市自然环境的现状,阐述再野化设计理念的根源与含义,再介绍法国景观设计师吉尔·克莱芒(Gilles Clément)的设计作品亨利马蒂斯公园的独特再野化设计方法,对其设计手法进行总结,分析其对城市自然环境设计的启示,力求打造独特的自然生态友好型的城市环境,探讨实现人与自然和谐共生的新途径。

基于Landsat数据的蓝绿空间改善城市热环境分析——以天津市为例

以天津市内六区为研究区域,利用2004年、2011年、2017年间的Landsat卫星遥感影像,综合应用地表温度反演、温度差异分区、土地利用分类解译、景观格局分析等研究方法,探讨城市热环境与蓝绿空间的联系特征。结果表明,2004~2017年城市高温范围区域随着城市建设发展的方向,跨越河流的空间限制不断拓展,而低温范围区域主要集中在蓝绿空间。蓝绿空间具有改善城市热环境的生态作用:在景观格局层面,地表温度与蓝绿空间的斑块周长指数呈显著负相关,与周长面积比指数呈显著正相关;在空间格局层面,地表温度与蓝色空间的斑块所占景观面积比在1500m×1500m尺度样本中相关程度最高,与绿色空间在300m×300m最高,且蓝色空间的热环境改善效率更佳。最终提出面向热环境改善的城市蓝绿空间优化建议,可为生态宜居城市建设提供新思路。

高层建筑空中花园空间感知及需求研究

空中花园作为高密度城市中地面开放空间的补充,在世界范围内日益成为高密度环境中重要的空间要素和设计语言,并发挥多方面的综合效益。通过人工识别和调用计算机视觉分析应用程序接口对空中花园网络图片内容进行提取,采用SPSS统计学方法分析空中花园的构成要素。利用主要构成要素构建空中花园空间感知及需求内容框架,并结合精化Kano需求模型(Refined Kano Model)分析公众对空中花园各空间要素的需求及层次分布情况。结果显示,公众对空中花园7类一级需求要素中最为注重天空景观、城市景观、公共设施和休闲活动,满足“微休憩”需求是其空间营造的重点;公众对空中花园的空间价值和重要性认知不足,其建设和推广有赖于政策激励;人们普遍接受了空中花园在高密度城市人居环境的建设语境,但周边环境对空中花园的支持作用仍需进一步讨论。