Factors influencing agitation during anesthesia recovery after laparoscopic hernia repair under total inhalation combined with caudal block anesthesia

BACKGROUND Laparoscopic hernia repair is a minimally invasive surgery,but patients may experience emergence agitation(EA)during the post-anesthesia recovery period,which can increase pain and lead to complications such as wound reopening and bleeding.There is limited research on the risk factors for this agitation,and few effective tools exist to predict it.Therefore,by integrating clinical data,we have developed nomograms and random forest predictive models to help clinicians predict and potentially prevent EA.AIM To establish a risk nomogram prediction model for EA in patients undergoing laparoscopic hernia surgery under total inhalation combined with sacral block anesthesia.METHODS Based on the clinical information of 300 patients who underwent laparoscopic hernia surgery in the Nanning Tenth People’s Hospital,Guangxi,from January 2020 to June 2023,the patients were divided into two groups according to their sedation-agitation scale score,i.e.,the EA group(≥5 points)and the non-EA group(≤4 points),during anesthesia recovery.Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was used to select the key features that predict EA,and incorporating them into logistic regression analysis to obtain potential pre-dictive factors and establish EA nomogram and random forest risk prediction models through R software.RESULTS Out of the 300 patients,72 had agitation during anesthesia recovery,with an incidence of 24.0%.American Society of Anesthesiologists classification,preoperative anxiety,solid food fasting time,clear liquid fasting time,indwelling catheter,and pain level upon awakening are key predictors of EA in patients undergoing laparoscopic hernia surgery with total intravenous anesthesia and caudal block anesthesia.The nomogram predicts EA with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)of 0.947,a sensi-tivity of 0.917,and a specificity of 0.877,whereas the random forest model has an AUC of 0.923,a sensitivity of 0.912,and a specificity of 0.877.Delong’s test shows no significant difference in AUC between the two models.Clinical decision curve analysis indicates that both models have good net benefits in predicting EA,with the nomogram effective within the threshold of 0.02 to 0.96 and the random forest model within 0.03 to 0.90.In the external model validation of 50 cases of laparoscopic hernia surgery,both models predicted EA.The nomogram model had a sensitivity of 83.33%,specificity of 86.84%,and accuracy of 86.00%,while the random forest model had a sensitivity of 75.00%,specificity of 78.95%,and accuracy of 78.00%,suggesting that the nomogram model performs better in predicting EA.CONCLUSION Independent predictors of EA in patients undergoing laparoscopic hernia repair with total intravenous anesthesia combined with caudal block include American Society of Anesthesiologists classification,preoperative anxiety,duration of solid food fasting,duration of clear liquid fasting,presence of an indwelling catheter,and pain level upon waking.The nomogram and random forest models based on these factors can help tailor clinical decisions in the future.

Regional Block Anesthesia in Breast Surgery: What Do We Know So Far?

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women worldwide, and pain following mastectomy is a major post-surgical complication. This paper highlights the risk factors for chronic pain in breast surgery and evaluates various regional block techniques used to reduce post-operative pain, and minimize hospital stays in high-risk patients. Further research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of novel regional anaesthesia techniques in an enhanced recovery context, and to assess their role in preventing or reducing chronic pain.

Ultrasound-guided paravertebral nerve block anesthesia on the stress response and hemodynamics among lung cancer patients

BACKGROUND Thoracic surgery for radical resection of lung tumor requires deep anesthesia which can lead to an adverse inflammatory response,loss of hemodynamic stability,and decreased immune function.Herein,we evaluated the feasibility and benefits of ultrasound-guided paravertebral nerve block anesthesia,in combination with general anesthesia,for thoracic surgery for lung cancer.The block was performed by diffusion of anesthetic drugs along the paravertebral space to achieve unilateral multi-segment intercostal nerve and dorsal branch nerve block.AIM To evaluate the application of ultrasound-guided paravertebral nerve block anesthesia for lung cancer surgery to inform practice.METHODS The analysis was based on 140 patients who underwent thoracic surgery for lung cancer at our hospital between January 2018 and May 2020.Patients were randomly allocated to the peripheral+general anesthesia(observation)group(n=74)or to the general anesthesia(control)group(n=66).Patients in the observation group received ultrasound-guided paravertebral nerve block anesthesia combined with general anesthesia,with those in the control group receiving an epidural block combined with general anesthesia.Measured outcomes included the operative and anesthesia times,as well as the mean arterial pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),and blood oxygen saturation(SpO;)measured before surgery,15 min after anesthesia(T1),after intubation,5 min after skin incision,and before extubation(T4).RESULTS The dose of intra-operative use of remifentanil and propofol and the postoperative use of sufentanil was lower in the observation group(1.48±0.43 mg,760.50±92.28 mg,and 72.50±16.62 mg,respectively)than control group(P<0.05).At the four time points of measurement(T1 through T4),MAP and HR values were higher in the observation than control group(MAP,90.20±9.15 mmHg,85.50±7.22 mmHg,88.59±8.15 mmHg,and 90.02±10.02 mmHg,respectively;and HR,72.39±8.22 beats/min,69.03±9.03 beats/min,70.12±8.11 beats/min,and 71.24±9.01 beats/min,respectively;P<0.05).There was no difference in SpO;between the two groups(P>0.05).Postoperative levels of epinephrine,norepinephrine,and dopamine used were significantly lower in the observation than control group(210.20±40.41 pg/mL,230.30±65.58 pg/mL,and 54.49±13.32 pg/mL,respectively;P<0.05).Similarly,the postoperative tumor necrosis factor-αand interleukin-6 levels were lower in the observation(2.43±0.44 pg/mL and 170.03±35.54 pg/mL,respectively)than control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Ultrasound-guided paravertebral nerve block anesthesia improved the stress and hemodynamic response in patients undergoing thoracic surgery for lung cancer,with no increase in the rate of adverse events.

Effect of subarachnoid nerve block anesthesia on glutamate transporte GLAST and GLT-1 expressions in rabbits

Objective: To observe the effect of subarachnoid nerve block anesthesia on glutamate transporter glutamate-aspartate transporter(GLAST) and GLT-1 expressions in rabbits, and to investigate the effect of peripheral nerve anesthesia on the morphology and function of the spinal cord. Methods: Twenty healthy New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group and control group; with 10 rabbits in each group. For spinal nerve anesthesia, 5 g/L of bupivacaine was used in the experimental group, and sterile saline was used in the control group. After 30 min of cardiac perfusion, GLAST and GLT-1 protein expression in spinal neurons were detected by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining. Results: GLAST and GLT-1 protein-positive cells increased in neurons in the experimental group, compared with the control group(P<0.05). Conclusions: After subarachnoid nerve block anesthesia, rabbit glutamate transporter GLAST and GLT-1 expression is increased; and spinal cord nerve cell function is inhibited.

Lumbar-Sacral Plexus Block Anesthesia versus General Anesthesia for Total Hip Arthroplasty: Case Control Study

Background: Peripheral block techniques for total hip arthroplasty have been used as an analgesic strategy, only a few studies described it as an anesthetic technique, so the perioperative performance and safety are poorly studied. Methods: 78 total hip arthroplasties were prospectively observed in our hospital. Divided into 2 groups: 1) General anesthesia;and 2) Lumbar sacral plexus block anesthesia. Variables measured in both groups were: demographics, conversion to general anesthesia, total opioid doses, surgical time, blood loss, postoperative pain, use and total dose of vasopressors drugs, transfusion and ICU transfer needs, postoperative ambulation time, and length of hospital stay. T student and chi-square tests were used upon the case. A significant difference was considered when a value of p < 0.05 was obtained. Descriptive statistics were performed in frequency, percentages, variance and standard deviation. Results: 3 patients (7.3%) anesthetized with combined lumbar sacral plexus block were converted to general anesthesia. When comparing peripheral nerve block and general anesthesia, less intraoperative (p = 0.000) and postoperative (p = 0.002) opioid consumption were noted, less postoperative pain in PACU (p = 0.002) and in the first 24 hours (p = 0.005), as well as earlier onset of ambulation (p = 0.008) and shorter hospital stay (p = 0.031). Conclusions: In our study, the lumbar and sacral plexus block anesthesia technique provided anesthetic conditions to perform hip joint arthroplasty and it was proved to be advantageous in comparison to general anesthesia.

Comparison of Patient Satisfaction between Brachial Plexus Block (Axillary Approach) and General Anesthesia for Surgical Treatment of Distal Radius Fractures: A Historical Cohort Study

Background: Distal radius fracture surgery is performed under general (GA) or regional anesthesia with brachial plexus block (NB). Whether anesthesia type affects patient outcomes is unclear. This study retrospectively compared patient satisfaction between GA and NB after surgery. Methods: This was a historical cohort study of 80 (34 GA and 46 NB) patients who underwent volar plate fixation of distal radius fractures. Propensity score analysis was used to generate a set of matched cases (NB) and controls (GA), yielding 14 matched patient-pairs. The simplified patient satisfaction scale was compared for primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes were anesthesia and surgery duration, hospital stay length, adverse events, postoperative analgesic requirement, and wrist range of motion (ROM) 2 weeks and 3 months postoperatively. Results: After propensity score matching, patients in almost all cases in both groups were “Satisfied” (effect size: 0.1, p = 0.572), indicating little significant difference. Significant differences in adverse events and postoperative analgesic use observed before matching disappeared after matching. Anesthesia duration and hospital stay length were significantly shorter in the NB group (effect size: -1.27 and -0.77, p = 0.00074 and p = 0.0388, respectively), as was surgery duration (effect size: -0.84, p = 0.0122) after matching. Similar to before matching, wrist ROM significantly improved in the NB group (effect size: 1.11, p = 0.0279) in the early postoperative period, but the difference disappeared at 3 months postoperatively. Conclusions: Patient satisfaction between distal radius fracture surgery under GA and NB was similar. Nerve block could help shorten hospital stay length and surgery duration and improve postoperative functional recovery.

Peripheral Nerve Block Combined with Epidural Anesthesia for Incarcerated Inguinal Hernia Repair in a Patient with Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Case Report

Background: Invasive mechanical ventilation worsens prognosis in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To avoid complications in these patients, anesthesia should be carefully considered. Case presentation: A 78-year-old man with COPD presented with dyspnea and pain from the epigastric to the umbilical regions. He was diagnosed with left incarcerated inguinal hernia and underwent radical inguinal hernia repair and surgical ileus treatment. To avoid general anesthesia with tracheal intubation, epidural anesthesia was combined with peripheral nerve blocks. An epidural catheter was inserted from T12/L1, and ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric and genitofemoral nerve blocks were performed under ultrasound guidance. No post-surgery complications or pain symptoms were noted. Conclusions: General anesthesia would likely have been challenging due to the patient’s COPD;however, management of peritoneal traction pain is difficult using peripheral nerve block alone. By combining epidural anesthesia with peripheral nerve blocks, we safely performed a procedure in a patient with severe COPD while avoiding invasive positive pressure ventilation.

Case Report: Rare Presentations of Accidental Subdural Block in Labor Epidural Anesthesia

The incidence of accidental injection or catheterization of the subdural space during performance of a neuroaxial block has recently increased. It can occur even when an experienced practitioner performs the neuraxial procedure. The presentation of numerous unexplainable clinical signs in the process of continuous epidural anesthesia, which do not fit the clinical picture of subarachnoid or intravascular injection, should envoke a high suspicion for unintentional subdural block. We report two cases of patients who achieved prolonged labor analgesia via epidural technique with only half the initial loading dose of local anesthetic. Both patients also had short episodes of hypotension. Additionally, one patient presented with severe hypoxemia and mild motor block of both upper and lower extremities. The other patient presented with transit unresponsiveness without motor block. Both patients rapidly responded to vasopressors. Desaturation in one patient, however, was persistent lasting for more than four hours. Her bedside chest X-ray was inconclusive “possible pulmonary edema” and the follow up Chest CT Scan on the second day revealed aspiration pneumonia. Based on the clinical findings, these two cases were suggestive of subdural block with cranial nerve involvement.

Combined Sciatic-Lumbar Plexus Block with General Anesthesia: Efficacy in Preventing Tourniquet-Induced Hemodynamic Changes

Background: Pneumatic arterial tourniquet is a utilized strategy in limb surgeries to provide bloodless field to facilitate surgical procedure. Be that as it may, arterial tourniquet has numerous injurious impacts including hemodynamic changes and tourniquet-induced pain which sometimes can be severe and intolerable. Objectives: Our primary aim was to assess the impact of performing “Lumbar Plexus Block and sciatic nerve block” with General Anesthesia (GA) on the degree of arterial tourniquet-induced hemodynamic effects. On the other hand, our secondary aims were: amount of postoperative analgesic prerequisites, patient satisfactory score and documented side effects. Settings and Design: Ain Shams University, Orthopedic operating theatre;a prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Methods and Material: The physical status of 50 patients (both sexes) including I and II patients from American Society of Anesthesiologists, whose ages are from 20 - 40 years, is not so ideal when they are undergoing elective knee Arthroscopy. The duration lasts no more than ninety minutes under GA with application of tourniquet. Patients were allotted haphazardly to one of two groups. In Group C (Control group): Only GA. In Group B: LPB and sciatic nerve block were performed just before GA administration. Intraoperative hemodynamics was recorded at specific timings. Results: Incidence of tourniquet induced hypertension (TIH) was markedly less with Group B at: forty five, sixty, seventy five mins after tourniquet inflation and just before tourniquet deflation. Also, the total ketorolac consumption during first 24 hours of postoperative period was significantly less with Group B (p Conclusions: Combined Sciatic-Lumbar plexus blocks when combined with general anesthesia were very effective in attenuating TIH.

Postoperative Analgesia and Cesarean Section under General Anesthesia: Multicenter Study

Background: Neuraxial anesthesia with intrathecal morphine is the reference technique in cesarean section anesthesia for the management of postoperative analgesia. If there is a contraindication to this, general anesthesia is required. The objective of the study was to evaluate the analgesic effectiveness of 4 analgesic techniques performed during cesarean section under general anesthesia in two centers with different anesthetic practices (North Franche Comté Hospital and Omar Bongo Ondimba Army Training Hospital). Method: This is a retrospective and descriptive study over 2 years, from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020. It involved evaluating the analgesic effectiveness and tolerance of morphine in the epidural catheter, wound infiltration, intravenous analgesia and Transversus Abdominous Plane block (TAP block) from the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) until the 4th post-operative day. Results: Of the 354 cesarean sections performed, 84 (11.14%) received general anesthesia. The average age was 32.27 years. Acute fetal distress was the first indication for cesarean section (45.2%), followed by hemorrhagic placenta previa (10.7%) and prolapse of the cord (8.33%). Morphine in the epidural catheter was the most used (47.6%) followed by parietal infiltration (36.9%), intravenous analgesia (13.1%) and TAP block (2.38%). The analgesic effectiveness was comparable between the techniques from postoperative day 0 to day 4. No difference in side effects. Postoperative morphine consumption was significantly reduced (p = 0.011) in the infiltration (9 mg) and TAP block (9mg) groups compared to the epidural catheter (16 mg) and intravenous analgesia (17 mg). No difference in 02 rehabilitation criteria (ambulation, first bowel movement). No difference in the occurrence of chronic pain. Conclusion: In the event of a cesarean section under general anesthesia, there are effective and well-tolerated alternatives to neuraxial anesthesia, particularly regional anesthesia techniques (nerve blocks), particularly in countries with low availability of morphine.

超声引导下椎旁神经阻滞与全身麻醉在经皮肾镜取石术中的应用比较

目的比较超声引导下椎旁神经阻滞(paravertebral block,PVB)与全身麻醉在经皮肾镜取石术(percutaneous nephrolithotomy,PCNL)中的麻醉效果。方法2023年1月~2024年3月我院行284例经皮肾镜碎石术,其中椎旁阻滞麻醉78例(PVB组)、全身麻醉206例(全麻组),经倾向性评分匹配,2组各61例,比较2组手术时间、输液量、术后血红蛋白变化、术后疼痛视觉模拟评分(Visual Analogue Scale,VAS)、住院时间、住院费用、术后并发症等。结果2组均顺利完成手术,手术过程中生命体征稳定,术中均未出现明显心动过缓、呼吸抑制、低血压等麻醉并发症。2组手术开始前心率(heart rate,HR)[(66.5±10.4)次/min vs.(77.5±11.7)次/min,t=-5.471,P=0.000]、手术结束时HR[(60.5±8.4)次/min vs.(71.0±12.3)次/min,t=-5.472,P=0.000],手术开始前平均动脉压(mean arterial pressure,MAP)[(97.2±11.9)mm Hg vs.(103.1±12.3)mm Hg,t=-2.694,P=0.008]、手术结束时MAP[(85.2±8.8)mm Hg vs.(94.3±11.6)mm Hg,t=-4.892,P=0.000],手术开始前SpO_(2)[(99.0±1.1)%vs.(99.6±0.6)%,t=-3.347,P=0.001]、手术结束时SpO_(2)[(99.2±1.1)%vs.(99.8±0.4)%,t=-4.122,P=0.000]差异有显著性,但均在正常范围内。PVB组手术时间显著短于全麻组[55.0(41.5,75.5)min vs.95.0(65.0,130.0)min,Z=-5.173,P=0.000]。PVB组术后血红蛋白变化[5(2,11)g/L vs.8(4,11)g/L,Z=-2.099,P=0.036]、术后疼痛VAS评分[1(1,1)分vs.1(1,2)分,Z=-3.342,P=0.001]、术后住院时间[3(2,3)d vs.4(3,6)d,Z=-6.016,P=0.000]、住院费用[(14499.4±2141.0)元vs.(19634.2±3846.8)元,t=-9.109,P=0.000]显著低于/短于全麻组。2组术中输液量[600(600,600)ml vs.600(600,1100)ml,Z=-1.800,P=0.072]、术后排气时间[1(1,1)d vs.1(1,1)d,Z=-1.045,P=0.296]、一期结石清除率[88.5%(54/61)vs.82.0%(50/61),χ^(2)=1.043,P=0.307]差异无显著性。PVB组术后并发症发生率显著低于全麻组[6.6%(4/61)vs.19.7%(12/61),χ^(2)=4.604,P=0.032]。结论超声引导下PVB能维持PCNL术中患者生命体征稳定,缩短手术时间,减少出血量,减轻术后疼痛,减少术后并发症,缩短术后住院时间,节省医疗费用,具有良好的安全性和有效性。

超声引导竖脊肌平面阻滞在胰管结石体外震波碎石术中的应用

目的:评价超声引导竖脊肌平面阻滞(ES‐PB)联合少阿片麻醉方案在胰管结石体外震波碎石术(ESWL)中的应用价值。方法:选取2022年3月至2023年4月于本院择期行胰管结石体外震波碎石术患者96例,男60例,女36例,年龄20~65岁,ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级,BMI16~30kg/m^(2)。将患者随机分为常规静脉麻醉组(C组,48例)和ESPB+少阿片组(E组,48例)。C组患者接受保留自主呼吸的丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼靶控输注静脉全麻;E组患者在静脉全麻前接受超声引导下双侧ESPB。观察并记录两组血流动力学指标[心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)]的变化;观察两组麻醉效果、瑞芬太尼用量、麻醉恢复质量、术后镇痛效果及围术期不良反应(呼吸抑制、恶心呕吐、皮肤瘙痒等)发生率。结果:与C组比较,E组术中呼吸抑制发生率降低、术中瑞芬太尼用量减少、术后苏醒时间缩短(P<0.05);E组术后静息及咳嗽疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)及术后恶心呕吐发生率显著低于C组(P<0.05)。两组患者术中、术后的HR及MAP无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:超声引导ESPB用于胰管结石ESWL效果满意,俭省阿片类药且并发症少。

超声引导下腰丛坐骨神经阻滞麻醉在老年胫骨平台骨折患者中的应用

目的:分析超声引导下腰丛坐骨神经阻滞麻醉在老年胫骨平台骨折患者中的应用。方法:选取2021年7月—2023年7月菏泽市定陶区人民医院诊治的80例胫骨平台骨折老年患者为研究对象,采用随机数表法将其分为对照组40例,观察组40例,对照组采用全身麻醉,观察组采用超声引导下腰丛坐骨神经阻滞麻醉。对比两组围手术期动脉血氧分压(PaO_(2))、舒张压(DBP)、收缩压(SBP)、心率(HR)、应激反应[皮质醇(Cor)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、肾上腺素(E)]、认知功能及术后不良反应发生情况。结果:两组麻醉前PaO_(2)、DBP、SBP、HR比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);麻醉后15 min、麻醉后45 min、手术结束即刻,观察组PaO_(2)、DBP、SBP、HR均较对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组手术结束即刻应激反应指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组术后2 h Cor、NE、E较手术结束即刻下降,但观察组术后2 h Cor、NE、E较对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组术后1 d认知功能评分优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组术后不良反应发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:超声引导下腰丛坐骨神经阻滞麻醉相较于全身麻醉,不仅能够为老年胫骨平台骨折患者提供更加稳定的手术条件,还能减轻生理应激反应,同时对老年患者的认知功能影响更小,能降低术后不良反应发生风险。

超声引导下胸椎旁神经阻滞联合全身麻醉在腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者中的应用效果

目的:观察超声引导下胸椎旁神经阻滞联合全身麻醉在腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)患者中的应用效果。方法:回顾性分析2022年2月至2023年3月于该院行LC的86例患者的临床资料,按照麻醉方案不同将其分为研究组和对照组各43例。对照组实施全身麻醉,研究组在对照组基础上联合超声引导下胸椎旁神经阻滞。比较两组镇痛泵按压次数,不同时间[麻醉前(T_(0))、麻醉后20 min(T_(1))、拔管时(T_(2))]血流动力学指标[心率、平均动脉压(MAP)]水平,术后不同时间疼痛[视觉模拟评分法(VAS)]评分,手术前后应激指标[皮质醇(Cor)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)]水平,以及不良反应发生率。结果:研究组镇痛泵按压次数少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);T_(1)、T_(2)时,研究组心率、MAP水平均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组术后1、3、6 h VAS评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后1 d,研究组Cor、NE水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:超声引导下胸椎旁神经阻滞联合全身麻醉应用于LC患者可减少镇痛泵按压次数,稳定血流动力学指标水平,降低术后疼痛评分和应激指标水平,效果优于单纯全身麻醉。

不同浓度罗哌卡因超声引导下喉上神经阻滞对喉罩全身麻醉后咽喉痛的影响

目的 探究不同浓度罗哌卡因超声引导下喉上神经阻滞对喉罩全身麻醉后咽喉痛的影响。方法 回顾性分析2021年1月—2023年12月在唐山职业技术学院附属医院进行喉罩全身麻醉手术的126例患者的资料,根据手术麻醉方案分为对照组、研究A组、研究B组,分别为36、49、41例。3组均采用常规全身麻醉诱导后置入喉罩全身麻醉,研究A组和研究B组在喉罩全身麻醉的基础上通过超声引导注射罗哌卡因进行双侧喉上神经阻滞,研究A组罗哌卡因浓度为0.25%,研究B组罗哌卡因浓度为0.50%,对照组仅行喉罩全身麻醉。比较各组围手术期[神经阻滞前(t_(0))、麻醉诱导成功时(t_(1))、喉罩置入后即刻(t_(2))、喉罩拔除后即刻(t_(3))]血流动力学指标、喉罩置入情况、术后咽喉部相关并发症的发生情况、不良反应发生率等。结果 对照组t_(2)、t_(3)的心率、平均动脉压较研究A组和研究B组更高(P<0.05);研究A组和研究B组喉罩一次置入成功率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);研究A组和研究B组喉罩带血丝阳性率、术后并发症总发生率以及中、重度咽喉痛总发生率均显著低于对照组,且研究B组的术后并发症发生率高于研究A组(P<0.05);t_(3)以及喉罩拔除后6 h患者咽喉痛数字分级评分法(numerical rating scale,NRS)评分均低于对照组(P<0.05);3组间麻醉药物相关不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论 不同浓度罗哌卡因超声引导下喉上神经阻滞均有助于喉罩全身麻醉患者术中生命体征的维持,降低术后咽喉痛的发生率及减轻患者疼痛程度,且低浓度罗哌卡因减少术后并发症的效果更好。

The Crucial Role of Bilateral Infraclavicular Nerve Blocks in the Anesthetic Management of a Trauma Patient

Bilateral brachial plexus blocks and regional anesthesia in trauma patients are rarely performed due to potential complications when using these techniques. We illustrate a case in which bilateral infraclavicular nerve blocks were placed as part of a multimodal approach to pain management in a trauma patient. We discuss potential hazards, important considerations, and rationale for attempting this procedure. Ultimately, performing bilateral brachial plexus nerve blocks in trauma patients is a viable option when choosing pain management techniques.

Hyaluronidase in sub-Tenon's anesthesia for phacoemulsification,a double-blind randomized clinical trial

AIM:To investigate the effect of hyaluronidase use on the quality of sub-Tenon's anaesthesia for phacoemulsification.· METHODS:This was a randomized,double-blind clinical trial which was conducted at Nikookari Eye Hospital for 5 months.Forty-two eyes of candidates for phacoemulsification under sub-Tenon's anaesthesia were randomly allocated to two equal groups and received either 2 mL of lidocaine 2% solution with(LH),or without(L) addition of hyaluronidase(150IU/mL).Akinesia was assessed 15 minutes after sub-Tenon's injection.Patients and surgeon's satisfaction,as well as the postoperative pain(the visual analogue scale,VAS) were investigated after operation.The contingency tables(including the Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests,when appropriate) and parametric analysis(the independent samples t test) were used for statistical analysis.· RESULTS:Complete akinesia(33.3% vs 4.8%,P =0.04),as well as the patients(85.7% vs 57.1%,P =0.04)and surgeon's satisfaction(87.5% vs 52.4%,P =0.02) were significantly more frequent in LH than in L group.The mean VAS was significantly lower in the same group(1.90±1.45 vs 3.00±1.55,P =0.04).· CONCLUSION:Addition of hyaluronidase to lidocaine solution for sub-Tenon's anesthesia significantly improves the ocular akinesia,enhances the intra-operative patients and surgeons' satisfaction,and attenuates the postoperative pain.·

The Use of “Scalp Block” in Pediatric Patients

Infiltration of the nerves of the scalp with local anesthetics is used in adults for a variety of head and neck procedures and craniotomies with many benefits, from hemodynamic stability to reduced postoperative pain. We here succinctly review the current evidence for “scalp block” in pediatric patients.

The gap junction blocker carbenoxolone enhances propofol and sevoflurane-induced loss of consciousness

General anesthetics induce loss of consciousness by inhibiting ascending arousal pathways, and they interfere with gap junction electrical coupling. The present study aimed to determine whether inhibition of gap junction-mediated signaling could influence general anesthetic-induced loss of consciousness. The general anesthetics sevoflurane and propofol were used. Intracerebroventricular administration of carbenoxolone, a gap junction blocker, significantly decreased the time to loss of the righting reflex （P 0.05）, but prolonged the time to recovery of the reflex （P 0.05）. Moreover, intracerebroventricular administration of carbenoxolone increased the sensitivity to sevoflurane, with a leftward shift of the loss of righting reflex dose-response curve, and decreased the 50% effective concentration of sevoflurane. These results suggest that the gap junction blocker carbenoxolone enhances propofol and sevoflurane-mediated general anesthesia.