Numerical simulation of blood flow and interstitial fluid pressure in solid tumor microcirculation based on tumor-induced angiogenesis

A coupled intravascular-transvascular-interstitial fluid flow model is developed to study the distributions of blood flow and interstitial fluid pressure in solid tumor microcirculation based on a tumor-induced microvascular network. This is generated from a 2D nine-point discrete mathematical model of tumor angiogenesis and contains two parent vessels. Blood flow through the microvascular network and interstitial fluid flow in tumor tissues are performed by the extended Poiseuille＇s law and Darcy＇s law, respectively, transvascular flow is described by Starling＇s law; effects of the vascular permeability and the interstitial hydraulic conductivity are also considered. The simulation results predict the heterogeneous blood supply, interstitial hypertension and low convection on the inside of the tumor, which are consistent with physiological observed facts. These results may provide beneficial information for anti-angiogenesis treatment of tumor and further clinical research.

The Popularization and Application of Cold Storage Red Blood Cells or Whole Blood at -80 ℃ of the Rh(D) Negative Patients in Surgical Operation

Summary: The efficiency of cold storage red blood cells (CSRBC) or whole blood at -80 ℃ used in 27 Rh(D) negative patients during surgical operation was reported. The Rh(D) negative patients received the transfusion of CSRBC or whole blood stored at -80 ℃ for 180 to 360 days. The changes in the indexes, such as blood TB, DB, K +, Na +, BUN, Cr, urine protein (URPO), UOB, Hb, HCT, serum total protein, relative to hemolytic reaction and blood volume before and after transfusion were observed. The results showed that after transfusion of CSRBC or whole blood 27 cases were negative for urine protein and UOB, and the levels of BUN and Cr were normal (P>0.05). Blood TB, DB, Hb, and HCT were increased, while pH, blood K + and blood Na + was normal with the difference being not significant before and after operation (P>0.05). Plasma protein was decreased, but there was no significant difference before and after operation (P>0.05). It was suggested that CSRBC or whole blood at -80 ℃ could be safely infused to the Rh(D) negative patients without side effects during the surgical operation.

Effects of Lycii Fructus and Salviae Miltiorrhizae on the Syndrome of Deficiency with Blood Stasis in RCS(rdy-/-, p-/-) Rats with Retinitis Pigmentosa: An Intervention Study

Objective To investigate the effects of Lycii Fructus(LF,Gou Qi Zi,枸杞子)and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Ex Rhizoma(SM,Dan Shen,丹参)on the syndrome of deficiency with blood stasis in the RCS(rdy-/-,p-/-)rats with retinitis pigmentosa(RP).Methods A total of 32 RCS(rdy-/-,p-/-)rats were divided into 4 groups(equal amounts of female and male rats in each group):model group treated with 0.9%normal saline,LF group treated with LF formula granules,SM group treated with SM formula granules,and LF and SM(L·S)group treated with LF and SM formula granules.Eight RCS(rdy+/+,p+/+)rats(4 males and 4 females)were treated with 0.9%normal saline to serve as blank group.The contents of E2,PG,P-Selectin,plasma viscosity,whole blood relative index of the high shear rate and fibrinogen content in plasma,and the content of cAMP and cGMP in retinal homogenate were detected.The retina was evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining.Results The contents of E2,PG,P-Selectin,plasma viscosity,whole blood relative index of the high shear rate,and fibrinogen content in the plasma of L·S group significantly differed from those of model group(P<0.01),but were similar to those of blank group.The contents of cAMP and cGMP in the retinal homogenate of L·S group significantly differed from those in model group(P<0.01)but were similar to those in blank group(P>0.05).Conclusions LF and SM can effectively treat retinitis pigmentosa by ameliorating the syndrome of deficiency with blood stasis.

IMPAIRED BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER AFTER CHRONIC CEREBRAL HYPOPERFUSION

Ohjectire To examine the hypothesis of normal perjusion pressure breakthrough (NPPB). Methods A modified Spetzler carotid -jugular (CJ) fistula model was created to imitate NPPB. In 9 male adult Sprague- Dawley rats, the ipsilateral vertebral artery and bilateral external carotid arteries were occluded. The period of hypoperfusion CJ fistula was extended to 14 weeks, as a modofcation of Spetzler model. The histological change were examtned under transmission electron microscope 14 weeks after creation of the listula. Results Ischemic histological changes such as increased pinocytosis, increased lucency of the basal lamina, and frank necrosis of the cerebral capillary were found in rats of CJ fistula group. Conclusion The findings in this study suggest that blood - braln barrier (BBB) was impaired by chronic hypoperfusion. The impaired BBB mny be one of the important causes of the NPPB phenomenon.

HPLC及LC-MS法测定全血中青霉素

青霉素(penicilin G)属于青霉素类杀菌剂药物,极易溶于水,在甲醇、乙醇中溶解,在脂溶性溶剂中不溶解.易吸潮,遇酸、碱或氧化剂等迅速失效,水溶液也易分解.人体肌注后15～30 min血浓度达到高峰值,有60%～90%原形物从肾脏中排出.青霉素毒性很小,人类即使使用大剂量也难以中毒,但是青霉素肌内注射、输液常引起过敏,并导致死亡.……

电针预处理对MCAO大鼠模型血脑屏障和MMP-9的影响

目的:探讨电针(EA)预处理对大鼠脑缺血再灌注后血脑屏障(BBB)通透性及脑内基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)表达的影响。方法:96只成年雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术(Sham)组、单纯电针(EA)组、缺血(MCAO)组及电针预处理(EA+MCAO)组,每组24只。使用线栓法制作大鼠大脑中动脉阻塞(MCAO)模型,缺血120 min再灌注48 h后处死取脑。分别采用干湿重法测定各组动物脑水含量,伊文斯蓝(EB)法检测血脑屏障通透性,Western Blot检测紧密连接蛋白(TJP)及MMP-9表达水平,同时明胶酶谱法检测MMP-9活性。结果:与Sham组相比,MCAO组大鼠脑水含量及EB含量增多(P<0.05),缺血侧脑组织TJP水平下降(P<0.05),MMP-9表达及活性明显升高(P<0.05);与MCAO组大鼠比较,EA+MCAO组脑水含量及EB含量减少(P<0.05),缺血侧脑组织TJP水平升高(P<0.05),同时MMP-9表达及活性显著降低(P<0.05)。结论:电针预处理通过抑制缺血后脑内MMP-9的表达及活性,维持BBB完整性,有效改善脑缺血后的脑水肿症状。

N_(1)-山梨酰-5-氟脲嘧啶前体药物的体外降解动力学研究

目的 :研究N1 山梨酰 5 氟脲嘧啶体外降解情况和稳定性。方法 :用HPLC测定N1 山梨酰 5 氟脲嘧啶在不同pH值的缓冲溶液、不同的组织匀浆和醇 /水两相中的浓度 ,然后进行拟合计算 ,数学拟合求取降解动力学方程和分配系数。结果 :N1 山梨酰 5 氟脲嘧啶在缓冲溶液和组织匀浆中的降解服从表观一级反应 ,分配系数logP =1.5 780。结论 :N1 山梨酰 5 氟脲嘧啶比 5 氟脲嘧啶的稳定性好。

血管内注射可溶性Aβ_(1-40)对鼠脑神经胶质细胞的影响

目的探讨血液内较高浓度的可溶性Aβ1-40在阿尔茨海默病发病中的作用。方法15只大鼠随机分为3组,实验组、生理盐水组和空白对照组,每组5只,通过大鼠颈部血管插管至心脏并留置的方法,向实验组大鼠血液中每日2次注射10μg的可溶性Aβ1-40,对照组注射同样剂量的生理盐水,而空白对照组不作任何处理。连续14日后,采用免疫组化方法观察各组大鼠大脑皮质及海马的星形胶质细胞、小胶质细胞。【结果】与生理盐水组和空白对照组相比,实验组注射Aβ1-40以后,皮层、海马的脑实质以及毛细血管周围星形胶质细胞胶质纤维酸性蛋白表达明显增多;小胶质细胞呈明显的激活状态。统计学分析表明,胶质纤维酸性蛋白和OX-42阳性表达明显高于其余两组(P<0.01),而生理盐水组和空白对照组无明显差异(P>0.05)。【结论】血管内连续注射Aβ1-40以后,可以激活小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞,提示Aβ1-40在阿尔茨海默病发病中起到很重要的作用。

A retrospective analysis of the relationship between dermatomyositis-associated interstitial lung disease and disease duration,age,arterial blood gas pH,and serum Cl^(-)levels

Background:Dermatomyositis-associated interstitial lung disease(DM-ILD)represents a severe and insidious complication of dermatomyositis(DM).The study aimed to investigate the association between DM-ILD and arterial blood gas indices,serum ion levels,and the timing of interstitial lung disease onset,with the goal of identifying potential predictors for DM-ILD.Methods:The investigation involved the collection of basic data from 89 patients with DM hospitalized at the Chinese PLA General Hospital between January 2019 and April 2022,and 43 normal control patients hospitalized for physical examinations during the same period.Analyses were conducted to explore the relationship between DM-ILD,arterial blood gas indices,disease duration,and serum ions.A regression model to predict DM-ILD was developed using these indices,and a receiver operating characteristic curve was generated.Results:Significant differences were observed in pH and PaO2 between the control group and the disease group(p<0.05).The DM group exhibited higher levels of pH,actual bicarbonate,and base excess(BE)compared with the control group.In contrast,pH and BE levels were lower in the DM-ILD group than in the DM group,with these differences being statistically significant(p<0.05).Interstitial lung disease was correlated with the duration of the disease and pH levels(p<0.05).The cutoff values for age,disease duration,pH,and Cl^(-)were 55.5 years,5.5 years,7.432,and 101.5 mmol/L,respectively.The model demonstrated a prediction sensitivity and specificity for DM-ILD of 0.809 and 0.722,respectively,with an area under the curve of 0.809.Conclusion:Arterial blood gas analysis and serum Cl^(-)levels may assist in predicting DM-ILD.A combined monitoring approach involving arterial blood gas pH,disease duration,age,and serum Cl^(-)levels could enhance the accuracy of DM-ILD predictions and hold significant clinical evaluation potential.

Relationship between plasma D(-)-lactate and intestinal damage after severe injuries in rats

AIM To explore the kinetic changes in plasma D(-)- lactate and lipopolyssccharide(LPS)levels,and investigate whether D(-)-lactate could be used as a marker of intestinal injury in rats following gut ischemia/ reperfusion,burn,and acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP). METHODS Three models were developed in rats:① gut ischemia/ reperfusion obtained by one hour of superior mesenteric artery occlusion followed by reperfusion;② severe burn injury created by 30% of total body surface area(TBSA)full-thickness scald burn;and ③ ANP induced by continuous inverse infusion of sodium taurocholate and trypsin into main pancreatic duct. Plasma levels of D(-)-lactate in systemic circulation and LPS in portal circulation were measured by enzymatic- spectrophotometric method and limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL)test kit,respectively.Tissue samples of intestine were taken for histological analysis. RESULTS One hour gut ischemia followed by reperfusion injuries resulted in a significant elevation in plasma D(-)- lactate and LPS levels,and there was a significant correlation between the plasma D(-)-lactate and LPS(r =0.719,P<0.05).The plasma concentrations of D(-)- lactate and LPS increased significantly at 6h postburn, and there was also a remarkable correlation between them (r = 0.877,P < 0.01).D(-)-lactate and LPS levels elevated significantly at 2h after ANP,with a similar significant correlation between the two levels(r = 0.798, P < 0.01 ).The desquamation of intestine villi and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lamina propria were observed in all groups. CONCLUSION The changes of plasma D(-)-lactate levels in systemic blood paralleled with LPS levels in the portal vein blood.The measurement of plasma D(-)-lactate level may be a useful marker to assess the intestinal injury and to monitor an increase of intestinal permeability and endotoxemia following severe injuries in early stage.

病灶区灌注罗格列酮对脑出血家兔血肿周围咬合蛋白和闭合小环蛋白1 mRNA表达水平及血-脑屏障通透性的影响

目的观察病灶区灌注罗格列酮(RSG)对家兔脑出血(ICH)模型血肿周围咬合蛋白和闭合小环蛋白1(ZO-1)mRNA表达水平、血-脑屏障(BBB)通透性及神经功能评分的影响。方法选择健康雄性家兔45只,体质量2.0~2.5 kg,按随机数字表法分为对照组、ICH模型组和罗格列酮(RSG)治疗组,每组15只(其中5只用于BBB测定)。对照组模拟制作颅内血肿的过程,穿刺成功后对兔靶点注射等渗盐水0.3 ml,6 h后再次注入等渗盐水0.1 ml;ICH模型组穿刺成功后靶点注射自体非抗凝动脉血0.3 ml,6 h后靶点再次注入等渗盐水0.1 ml;RSG治疗组在ICH模型制作成功后6 h,血肿区灌注RSG 0.5 mg(溶于0.1 ml等渗盐水中)。继续饲养至第7天,对各组家兔进行神经功能缺损评分(Purdy评分)后处死,逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法检测血肿周围脑组织咬合蛋白及ZO-1 mRNA的表达水平;采用甲酰胺方法测量血肿周围脑组织伊文思蓝(EB)含量以评估BBB通透性。结果 (1)神经功能评分:对照组、ICH模型组、RSG治疗组Purdy评分分别为(2.53±0.05)、(8.13±0.06)、(6.67±0.08)分,组间差异有统计学意义(F=459.116,P<0.01);与对照组比较,ICH模型组、RSG治疗组的Purdy评分均明显增加(均P<0.01);与ICH模型组比较,RSG治疗组的Purdy评分降低(P<0.05);(2)咬合蛋白及ZO-1 mRNA表达水平:对照组、ICH模型组、RSG治疗组咬合蛋白及ZO-1 mRNA差异均有统计学意义(每组分别为1.013±0.051、1.001±0.045;0.221±0.017、0.247±0.019;0.498±0.041、0.613±0.045;F值分别为443.924、381.929,均P<0.01),与对照组比较,ICH模型组、RSG治疗组咬合蛋白及ZO-1 mRNA表达均显著减少(均P<0.01);与ICH模型组比较,RSG治疗组咬合蛋白及ZO-1 mRNA的表达增加(均P<0.05);(3)BBB通透性:对照组、ICH模型组、RSG治疗组EB含量分别为(12.0±1.0)、(51.6±0.9)、(36.4±1.0)μg/g,组间差异有统计学意义(F=223.516,P<0.01);与对照组比较,ICH模型组、RSG治疗组的EB含量明显增加(均P<0.01);与ICH模型组比较,RSG治疗组EB含量明显降低(P<0.01)。结论病灶区灌注RSG可明显改善家兔ICH后的神经功能,增加血肿周围脑组织咬合蛋白和ZO-1mRNA的表达水平,降低BBB通透性。

Atorvastatin protects against cerebral ischemia/ reperfusion injury through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects

In addition to its lipid-lowering effect, atorvastatin exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects as well. In this study, we hypothesized that atorvastatin could protect against cerebral isch-emia/reperfusion injury. The middle cerebral artery ischemia/reperfusion model was established, and atorvastatin, 6.5 mg/kg, was administered by gavage. We found that, after cerebral ischemia/ reperfusion injury, levels of the inflammation-related factors E-selectin and myeloperoxidase were upregulated, the oxidative stress-related marker malondialdehyde was increased, and super- oxide dismutase activity was decreased in the ischemic cerebral cortex. Atorvastatin pretreatment significantly inhibited these changes. Our findings indicate that atorvastatin protects against ce-rebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.

The prognostic value of preoperative serum levels of CEA,CA19-9 and CA72-4 in patients with colorectal cancer

INTRODUCTIONCarcinoembryonic antigen ( CEA) , originally described by Gold and Freedman [1] in 1965, is now an acknowledged member of immunoglobulin superfamily[2],with a role as an intracellular adhesion molecule[3].Carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9), obtained with a monoclonal antibody produced by immunizing a monoclonal antibody produced by immunizing a mouse with a colonic cancer cell line in 1979[4],is a ligand for E-selectin that plays an important role in the addhesion of cancer cells to endothelial cells [5,6].

Protective effects of 5,4'-dihydroxy-3',5'- dimethoxy-7-O-β-D -glucopyranosyloxy-flavone on experimental hepatic injury

AIM: To investigate the pharmacological effects of rice flavone (5,4'-dihydroxy-3',5'-dimethoxy-7-0-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-flavone, RF) separated from panicle-differentiating to flowing rice on rat experimental hepatic injury. METHODS: Models of rat acute hepatic injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administration, rat hepatic fibrosis induced by thioacetamide, injury of primary cultured rat hepatocytes induced by CCl4, respectively, were established. After treated with RF, content of serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and albumin (Alb), hyaluronic acid (HA), the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and hydroxyproline (Hyp) were measured and liver tissue was observed pathologically by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Effects of RF on pathological changes, function index, enzyme of scavenging free radicals and blood rheology were evaluated. RESULTS: In model of rat acute hepatic injury induced by CCI4, RF can significantly decrease the contents of serum ALT, AST, increase the content of Alb, improve the dropsy and fat denaturalization of hepatocytes. In model of rat hepatic fibrosis induced by thioacetamide, RF can inhibit the increase of HA, Hyp and whole blood viscosity, and improve the activities of GSH-Px and SOD, and inauricular microcirculation. CONCLUSION: RF has apparent protective effects on hepatic injury by increasing activity of GSH-Px and SOD, scavenging free radicals produced by CCI4, reducing blood viscosity, and improving microcirculation and blood supply.

THE CENTRAL DISTRIBUTION OF ADRENOMEDULLIN AND ITS EFFECTS ON BLOOD PRESSURE AND HEART RATE IN RATS

The present study was designed to make certain whether there exists adrenomedullin (ADM) in the rat central nervous system and evaluated the hemodynamic actions of intracerebroventricular administration (ICVA) of human ADM[13-52]. By immunohistochemistry (ABC method),We found that there was a discrete localization of ADM-positive immunoreactivity in the rat central system including cerebral cortex,paraventricular tissues, hypothalamus, cerebella cortex, mesencephalon and medulla oblongata. By reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) analysis, rat ADM mRNA was found to be expressed in rat brain. These above results of immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR suggest that ADM exists in the rat brain. We also found that centrally administered ADM[13-52]in a dose of 0.4 to 3. 2 nmol/kg provoked marked, prolonged and dosedependent increases in mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and heart rate (HR). To clarify the mechanisms of the hemodynamic changes induced by centrally administered ADM [13-52]. the effect of centrally administered ADM [13-52] on renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) was studied. The result showed that centrally administered ADM [13-52] ( 1. 6 nmol/kg) provoked a marked increase in RSNA .therefore .the increases in MABP and HR induced by centrally administered ADM [13-52]might be due to the stimulation of central sympathetic mechanism. In addtion,we also compared the relationship of activity and structure among the different fragments of ADM. In conclusion, ADMexists in the rat brain, and it may play an important role in the central control of cardiovascular system.

Blood group type antigens in pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms

BACKGROUND: There are few data on blood group(BG) types and types of pancreatic cancers. The aims of this study were to study BG types and BG-antigens in pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms(IPMNs). METHODS: BG type and tumor BG-antigen(glycoprotein) expression(studied by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays) were analyzed with regard to characteristics of 101 surgically resected pancreatic IPMNs. RESULTS: Non-O BG type predicted invasive carcinoma independently from high serum CA19-9 and male gender. BG type A was observed more frequently in women than in men. Chronic pancreatitis was more frequently seen in patients with BG type B or AB. Aberrant tumor expression(with regard to BG type) of loss of A antigen expression type occurred in 15.0% of IPMNs and of loss of B antigen expression type in 62.5% of IPMNs. Intraneoplasm BG-antigen expression was not related to dysplasia grade or invasion. CONCLUSION: The results of the study suggest that in pancreatic IPMN, non-O BG type predicted invasive carcinoma, whereas for intratumor BG-antigen expression no specific patterns were detected with regard to the progression of glandular epithelial dysplasia or invasion.

Interleukin-6-174G/C polymorphism is associated with a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus

BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis C(CHC)is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Although the pathogenesis remains to be elucidated,a growing evidence has suggested a role of pro-inflammatory immune response.Increased serum concentrations of Interleukin 6(IL-6)have been associated with insulin resistance,type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as advanced forms of liver disease in chronic hepatitis C infection.AIM To investigate the frequency of IL-6-174G/C(rs1800795)single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)in CHC patients and in healthy subjects of the same ethnicity.Associations between type 2 diabetes mellitus(dependent variable)and demographic,clinical,nutritional,virological and,IL-6 genotyping data were also investigated in CHC patients.METHODS Two hundred and forty-five patients with CHC and 179 healthy control subjects(blood donors)were prospectively included.Type 2 diabetes mellitus was diagnosed according to the criteria of the American Diabetes Association.Clinical,biochemical,histological and radiological methods were used for the diagnosis of the liver disease.IL-6 polymorphism was evaluated by Taqman SNP genotyping assay.The data were analysed by logistic regression models.RESULTS Type 2 diabetes mellitus,blood hypertension and liver cirrhosis were observed in 20.8%(51/245),40.0%(98/245)and 38.4%(94/245)of the patients,respectively.The frequency of the studied IL-6 SNP did not differ between the CHC patients and controls(P=0.81)and all alleles were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium(P=0.38).In the multivariate analysis,type 2 diabetes mellitus was inversely associated with GC and CC genotypes of IL-6-174(OR=0.42;95%CI=0.22-0.78;P=0.006)and positively associated with blood hypertension(OR=5.56;95%CI=2.79-11.09;P<0.001).CONCLUSION This study was the first to show that GC and CC genotypes of IL-6-174 SNP are associated with a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients chronically infected with hepatitis C virus.The identification of potential inflammatory mediators involved in the crosstalk between hepatitis C virus and the axis pancreas-liver remains important issues that deserve further investigations.

Ionic Disorders Observed in Infants with Severe Wasting at the Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital and the Charles de Gaulle Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Introduction: A higher risk of death is associated with wasting in children if it is not treated properly. The objective of this study was to investigate the ionic disorders observed in infants suffering from severe wasting at Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital (YO-TH) and at Charles de Gaulle Pediatric Teaching Hospital (CDG-PTH) in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). Methods: This was a retrospective study with a descriptive and analytical aim over the period from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2020. Results: It concerned infants aged 6 to 24 months hospitalized at YO-TH and at CDG-PTH from Ouagadougou. We included 271 infants. The mean age of the infants was 14.48 ± 5.44 months with 42.07% which was in the age range of [12 - 18] months. On admission to the hospital, the children had an average weight, height and BMI of 6.22 ± 1.32 kg, 0.73 ± 0.07 m and 11.67 ± 1.53 kg/m2. In urban areas 56.46% of children and the main reasons for consultation were fever (88.19%), vomiting (52.80%) and diarrhea (50.20%). Electrolyte disturbances in emaciated infants affected all 8 parameters of the blood ionogram. However, the major disorders were 65.68% hyponatremia, 55.35% hypobicarbonatemia, 41.33% hypoprotidemia and 32.47% hypokalemia in infants aged 6 to 24 months. We found an association between diarrhea and residence with hypokalemia (p = 0.0000) and hypochloremia (p = 0.010), respectively. Conclusion: Severe acute wasting in infants 6 to 24 months of age remains a concern in the hospital setting. The frequency of biochemical disturbances is also high.

谷氨酸单钠对成年小鼠的神经毒性作用

［３Ｈ］谷氨酸（Ｃｌｕ）ｓｃ后的不同时程，柱层析分离血清中［３Ｈ］Ｇｌｕ，液闪测定，发现随代谢时程的延长［３Ｈ］Ｇｌｕ的量明显降低。外周组织中［３Ｈ］Ｇｌｕ含量的变化与血清中的类似，而神经组织则不同。非标记谷氨酸单钠ｓｃ以剂量依赖方式损伤成年小鼠的分辨学习能力。引起特征性神经元退变，降低下丘脑和脊髓的线粒体膜结合钙水平。结果表明，４．０ｍｇ·ｇ－１谷氨酸单钠可以透过血脑屏障对成年动物产生神经毒性作用。其作用机理可能与细胞内Ｃａ２＋超载，线粒体封存或排空Ｃａ２＋的能力失常。最终导致神经元损伤甚至死亡有关。