Chromosome aberration (CA) and micmnucleus (MN) tests were appied to investigate Peripheral blood lymphocytes in 56 people environmentally exposed to cadwhum (Cd) for a period up to 30years, and in 10 unexposed People...Chromosome aberration (CA) and micmnucleus (MN) tests were appied to investigate Peripheral blood lymphocytes in 56 people environmentally exposed to cadwhum (Cd) for a period up to 30years, and in 10 unexposed People as controls. As indicator of body-load of Cd, urineq Cd (UCd)concentrations were measured simultaneously. The People in polluted villages were divided into four groups according to vallous levels of UCd concentrations: ~ 2 .5, 2 .5 ~, 5 .0 ~, 10.0 ~ (μg/l).There was significant difference in MN rates between the exposed and control groups (3 .47, 5 .06,8.06, 12 .75‰ for the exposed groups respectively, and 3. 10‰ for the controls), and significant correlation between MN rates and UCd was observed. Although no markesd difference in CA rates was noted between UCd 5 .0 ~ and 10 .0 ~ groups, there was significant difference in CA rates between the exposed and control groups (3. 07,5. 21, 7. 21, 8. 50% for exposed groups respectively, and2 .33% for the controls) and significant correlation between CA rates and UCd. CA was presented mainly in the form of chromatid and chromosome gaps and breaks. Together with our another study 'An Investigation on Human Health Effects by Envimnmental Cadmium Pollution', the results suggest that Cd may injure human chromosomes and that the damage appears to be concentrated on cytogenetic material and may happen earlier than renal disfunction展开更多
Objective To examine maternal and fetal exposure levels to four carcinogenic metals, arsenic （As）, cadmium （Cd）, nickel （Ni）, and beryllium （Be）, and to investigate their environmental influences. Methods Meta...Objective To examine maternal and fetal exposure levels to four carcinogenic metals, arsenic （As）, cadmium （Cd）, nickel （Ni）, and beryllium （Be）, and to investigate their environmental influences. Methods Metal concentrations in maternal and umbilical cord blood were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry （ICP-MS）. Environmental factors that might play a role in exposure were analyzed using Mann Whitney nonparametric U-tests and multiple linear regression. Results The concentrations of As, Cd, and Ni in umbilical cord blood （5.41, 0.87, and 139.54 gg/L） were significantly lower than those in maternal blood （6.91, 1.93, and 165.93 p.g/L）. There were significant positive correlations between the maternal and cord concentrations of each carcinogen. Our results showed that： （i） exposures to potentially harmful occupational factors during pregnancy were associated with high levels of maternal As, Cd, and Ni; （ii） living close to major transportation routes （〈500 m） or exposure to second-hand smoke during pregnancy increased the maternal Cd levels and （iii） living close to industrial chimneys induced high maternal Ni levels. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that these environmental factors remained significant in models of the influences of these four carcinogens. Conclusion Both mothers and fetuses had been exposed to As, Cd, Ni, and Be. The increased levels of these carcinogens in pregnant women were associated with some detrimental environmental factors, such as occupational exposure, contact with second-hand smoke and living close to major transportation routes or industrial chimneys.展开更多
BACKGROUND:This study aimed to observe the effect of hemoperfusion(HP) cartridge on different internal environment indicators at different time points in patients with acute blood poisoning and to find alternative ind...BACKGROUND:This study aimed to observe the effect of hemoperfusion(HP) cartridge on different internal environment indicators at different time points in patients with acute blood poisoning and to find alternative indicators for the detection of blood poisoning.METHODS:The levels of internal environment indicators(blood pH,P_vCO_2,P_vCO_2,blood lactate,potassium,free calcium,bicarbonate,and blood glucose) before and after HP treatment were recorded for patients with acute poisoning at time points of 30 minutes and 120 minutes.After calculating the difference value 5,the statistical software was used to analyze the statistical difference of the influence caused by HP cartridge at two time points.According to the formula,adsorption rate%=(a-v)/a×100,the adsorption rate of each indicator was calculated respectively.RESULTS:The difference of indicators at different time points in inlet and outlet such as blood glucose,free-calcium,and lactate was statistically significant(P<0.05),but the difference in indicators such as pH,P_vCO_2,P_vO_2,potassium,sodium,and bicarbonate was not statistically significant(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:During HP treatment,the indicators of blood glucose,free-calcium and lactate were significantly affected by HP cartridge,and the effect varies with time.展开更多
The changes of blood perfusion and oxygen transport in tumors during tumor vascular normalization are studied with 3-dimensional mathematical modeling and numerical simulation. The models of tumor angiogenesis and vas...The changes of blood perfusion and oxygen transport in tumors during tumor vascular normalization are studied with 3-dimensional mathematical modeling and numerical simulation. The models of tumor angiogenesis and vascular-disrupting are used to simulate ＂un-normalized＂ and ＂normalized＂ vasculatures. A new model combining tumor hemodynamics and oxygen transport is developed. In this model, the intravasculartransvascular-interstitial flow with red blood cell（RBC） delivery is tightly coupled, and the oxygen resource is produced by heterogeneous distribution of hematocrit from the flow simulation. The results show that both tumor blood perfusion and hematocrit in the vessels increase, and the hypoxia microenvironment in the tumor center is greatly improved during vascular normalization. The total oxygen content inside the tumor tissue increases by about 67%, 51%, and 95% for the three approaches of vascular normalization,respectively. The elevation of oxygen concentration in tumors can improve its metabolic environment, and consequently reduce malignancy of tumor cells. It can also enhance radiation and chemotherapeutics to tumors.展开更多
p-nitrotoluene is an important organic intermediate widely used in pesticide, foamed plastics, dyestuff and medicine industries. In this paper, Crusian carps (Carassius auratus) were exposed to dilute p-nitrotoluene s...p-nitrotoluene is an important organic intermediate widely used in pesticide, foamed plastics, dyestuff and medicine industries. In this paper, Crusian carps (Carassius auratus) were exposed to dilute p-nitrotoluene solutions with different concentrations of 0, 20, 40, 80, 120, 160, 240 and 320 μg/L; the subsequent physiological responses to the chemical were observed, and the variation characteristics of blood corpuscles, ovaries and oocytes were studied by bio-microscopy. Results showed that even very low concentrations of p-nitrotoluene would lead to toxicosis and even the death of Carassius auratus. The bio-microscopic structures revealed that, compared with the compartment of Carassius auratus growing in the p-nitrotoluene–free water (the control group), the lower concentrations of p-nitrotoluene (for example no more than 80 μg/L) would result in the faster disintegration of erythrocytes and the significant enlargement of oocytes, while the higher contents of p-nitrotoluene (no less than 240 μg/L in this case) would inhibit the division of cells and their further growth, even degenerate blood corpuscles and ovaries, suggesting stronger estrogenic activities.展开更多
文摘Chromosome aberration (CA) and micmnucleus (MN) tests were appied to investigate Peripheral blood lymphocytes in 56 people environmentally exposed to cadwhum (Cd) for a period up to 30years, and in 10 unexposed People as controls. As indicator of body-load of Cd, urineq Cd (UCd)concentrations were measured simultaneously. The People in polluted villages were divided into four groups according to vallous levels of UCd concentrations: ~ 2 .5, 2 .5 ~, 5 .0 ~, 10.0 ~ (μg/l).There was significant difference in MN rates between the exposed and control groups (3 .47, 5 .06,8.06, 12 .75‰ for the exposed groups respectively, and 3. 10‰ for the controls), and significant correlation between MN rates and UCd was observed. Although no markesd difference in CA rates was noted between UCd 5 .0 ~ and 10 .0 ~ groups, there was significant difference in CA rates between the exposed and control groups (3. 07,5. 21, 7. 21, 8. 50% for exposed groups respectively, and2 .33% for the controls) and significant correlation between CA rates and UCd. CA was presented mainly in the form of chromatid and chromosome gaps and breaks. Together with our another study 'An Investigation on Human Health Effects by Envimnmental Cadmium Pollution', the results suggest that Cd may injure human chromosomes and that the damage appears to be concentrated on cytogenetic material and may happen earlier than renal disfunction
基金supported by a Grant-in Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Grant No.18406026)by the foundation for Scientific Research and Technology,Health Bureau of Dalian(Grant No. 2007-73)
文摘Objective To examine maternal and fetal exposure levels to four carcinogenic metals, arsenic （As）, cadmium （Cd）, nickel （Ni）, and beryllium （Be）, and to investigate their environmental influences. Methods Metal concentrations in maternal and umbilical cord blood were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry （ICP-MS）. Environmental factors that might play a role in exposure were analyzed using Mann Whitney nonparametric U-tests and multiple linear regression. Results The concentrations of As, Cd, and Ni in umbilical cord blood （5.41, 0.87, and 139.54 gg/L） were significantly lower than those in maternal blood （6.91, 1.93, and 165.93 p.g/L）. There were significant positive correlations between the maternal and cord concentrations of each carcinogen. Our results showed that： （i） exposures to potentially harmful occupational factors during pregnancy were associated with high levels of maternal As, Cd, and Ni; （ii） living close to major transportation routes （〈500 m） or exposure to second-hand smoke during pregnancy increased the maternal Cd levels and （iii） living close to industrial chimneys induced high maternal Ni levels. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that these environmental factors remained significant in models of the influences of these four carcinogens. Conclusion Both mothers and fetuses had been exposed to As, Cd, Ni, and Be. The increased levels of these carcinogens in pregnant women were associated with some detrimental environmental factors, such as occupational exposure, contact with second-hand smoke and living close to major transportation routes or industrial chimneys.
文摘BACKGROUND:This study aimed to observe the effect of hemoperfusion(HP) cartridge on different internal environment indicators at different time points in patients with acute blood poisoning and to find alternative indicators for the detection of blood poisoning.METHODS:The levels of internal environment indicators(blood pH,P_vCO_2,P_vCO_2,blood lactate,potassium,free calcium,bicarbonate,and blood glucose) before and after HP treatment were recorded for patients with acute poisoning at time points of 30 minutes and 120 minutes.After calculating the difference value 5,the statistical software was used to analyze the statistical difference of the influence caused by HP cartridge at two time points.According to the formula,adsorption rate%=(a-v)/a×100,the adsorption rate of each indicator was calculated respectively.RESULTS:The difference of indicators at different time points in inlet and outlet such as blood glucose,free-calcium,and lactate was statistically significant(P<0.05),but the difference in indicators such as pH,P_vCO_2,P_vO_2,potassium,sodium,and bicarbonate was not statistically significant(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:During HP treatment,the indicators of blood glucose,free-calcium and lactate were significantly affected by HP cartridge,and the effect varies with time.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11102113 and81301816)the New Teachers Start Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University+1 种基金the Chenxing Young Scholars Program B of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(No.13X100010070)the Natural Science Research Foundation of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine(No.13XJ10037)
文摘The changes of blood perfusion and oxygen transport in tumors during tumor vascular normalization are studied with 3-dimensional mathematical modeling and numerical simulation. The models of tumor angiogenesis and vascular-disrupting are used to simulate ＂un-normalized＂ and ＂normalized＂ vasculatures. A new model combining tumor hemodynamics and oxygen transport is developed. In this model, the intravasculartransvascular-interstitial flow with red blood cell（RBC） delivery is tightly coupled, and the oxygen resource is produced by heterogeneous distribution of hematocrit from the flow simulation. The results show that both tumor blood perfusion and hematocrit in the vessels increase, and the hypoxia microenvironment in the tumor center is greatly improved during vascular normalization. The total oxygen content inside the tumor tissue increases by about 67%, 51%, and 95% for the three approaches of vascular normalization,respectively. The elevation of oxygen concentration in tumors can improve its metabolic environment, and consequently reduce malignancy of tumor cells. It can also enhance radiation and chemotherapeutics to tumors.
基金The study is financially supported by the Development Foundation ofScience and Technology under Shandong Provincial Education Department(No. J05D51).
文摘p-nitrotoluene is an important organic intermediate widely used in pesticide, foamed plastics, dyestuff and medicine industries. In this paper, Crusian carps (Carassius auratus) were exposed to dilute p-nitrotoluene solutions with different concentrations of 0, 20, 40, 80, 120, 160, 240 and 320 μg/L; the subsequent physiological responses to the chemical were observed, and the variation characteristics of blood corpuscles, ovaries and oocytes were studied by bio-microscopy. Results showed that even very low concentrations of p-nitrotoluene would lead to toxicosis and even the death of Carassius auratus. The bio-microscopic structures revealed that, compared with the compartment of Carassius auratus growing in the p-nitrotoluene–free water (the control group), the lower concentrations of p-nitrotoluene (for example no more than 80 μg/L) would result in the faster disintegration of erythrocytes and the significant enlargement of oocytes, while the higher contents of p-nitrotoluene (no less than 240 μg/L in this case) would inhibit the division of cells and their further growth, even degenerate blood corpuscles and ovaries, suggesting stronger estrogenic activities.
