Objectives Blood stream infections(BSIs)are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide.The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of BSI with a focus on the identification of th...Objectives Blood stream infections(BSIs)are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide.The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of BSI with a focus on the identification of the causative agent of BSI,and to further evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility profile of the causing bacterial pathogens.Methods A cross-section study was carried out at the tertiary care hospital in Peshawar,Pakistan from January to December,2018.Blood samples were collected in BACTEC™botdes and standard microbiological protocols were applied for the isolation and identification of bacterial strains.The antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed using disc diffusion method as per the 2014 guideline of Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute(CLSI).Results Of 567 blood cultures in total,111(19.6%)were positive for BSI.Male children were 64%(71/111)and female children were 36%(40/111).For the causative predominant group of microorganisms,Gramnegative bacteria were identified in 79(71.1%)isolates,and Gram-positive bacteria in 32(28.9%)isolates.The common bacteria of isolates were S.typhi(n=35,31.5%),E.coli(n=19,17.1%),S.aureus(n=18,16.2%),K.pneumonia(n=12,10.8%),and Enterococcus species(n=7,6.3%).The 36.7%(29/79)isolates of Gram-negative bacteria were ESBL producers,and 61.1%(11/18)of S.aureus isolates were methicillin resistant.Overall,72.9%isolates were multidrug resistant.Conclusions Gram-negative bacteria were the main cause of pediatric BSIs,where the predominant microorganism was S.卯hi.Remarkably,majority of the S.typhi isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin.展开更多
Background: Continuous surveillance of pattern of blood stream infection is necessary in febrile neutropenia especially with the recent escalating trend in the management of pediatric cancer patients towards intensifi...Background: Continuous surveillance of pattern of blood stream infection is necessary in febrile neutropenia especially with the recent escalating trend in the management of pediatric cancer patients towards intensified regimens and with the increase in infections caused by resistant organisms limiting the choice of antibiotics. Aim: Monitoring if a change has occurred in pattern of blood stream infections (BSI) in febrile neutropenic (FN) pediatric cancer patients. Methods: Surveillance of FN episodes with positive BSI was prospectively monitored and compared to a previous surveillance in the same pediatric oncology unit. Results: A total of 232 BSI positive episodes were documented in 192 patients during a 6 months period. The results of recent surveillance analysis showed an increase in intensified regimens of chemotherapy, antimicrobial resistance, and prolonged duration of episodes when compared to previous surveillance, with a p value of <0.001, 0.005, and <0.001, respectively. There was an apparent decrease in the crude mortality but this was not statistically significant, 6% in 2011 and 10% in 2006. Conclusion: The pattern of BSI at our institution is still inclining towards gram positive organisms but is showing a shift towards more antibiotic resistance and prolonged episodes.展开更多
Blood stream infections (BSIs) are a serious problem in patients with hematologic malignancies receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT). We evaluated the clinical utility of molecular diagno...Blood stream infections (BSIs) are a serious problem in patients with hematologic malignancies receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT). We evaluated the clinical utility of molecular diagnosis for the management of BSIs in such patients. We prospectively performed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of microbial DNA in blood samples from 10 consecutive patients with hematological malignancies at least once a week for one month after ASCT. In total, 51 and 54 samples were analyzed by bacterial and fungal PCR assays, respectively. Bacteria were detected in 24 samples from 8 patients by PCR, but in only 2 samples from one patient by blood culture. Notably, the bacteria detected in at least half of the 24 samples were considered to have originated from the oral cavity. Fungi were detected in 5 samples from 3 patients by PCR, but not by blood culture. Most cases with positive PCR results were manageable with empirical antimicrobial therapy without disclosure of DNA data. Our DNA analyses did not directly contribute to management of BSIs, but did provide valuable microbiological evidence for the patients. Additionally, oral management appears to require a critical re-evaluation to reduce the occurrence of BSIs in ASCT recipients.展开更多
Objective: Our object is to study risk factors of tumor patients’ PICC catheter-related blood stream infection. Method: a retrospective analysis of data of 586 PICC catheterized patients was implemented, a univariate...Objective: Our object is to study risk factors of tumor patients’ PICC catheter-related blood stream infection. Method: a retrospective analysis of data of 586 PICC catheterized patients was implemented, a univariate analysis of general data and catheterizing data of tumor patients was then carried out, and data of single factors with statistical significance were incorporated into multi-factor Logistic regression model for analysis. Results: PICC catheter-related blood stream infection occurred to 16 patients, and occurrence rate was 2.73%. Multi-factor Logistic regression analysis results showed that number of puncturing times, positioning method and maintenance frequency were risk factors for tumor patients’ peripherally inserted central catheter catheter-related blood stream infection, and odds risk values were respectively 8.762, 9.253 and 10.324. Conclusion: for tumor patients implanted with peripherally inserted central catheters, using ECG positioning during strict sterile operation and catheterizing process to avoid repeated puncturing and increasing maintenance frequency could effectively reduce occurrence of PICC catheter-related blood stream infection.展开更多
Here we reported a 59-year-old woman with diabetes who was found to have massive hemolysis associatedwith clostridium （C.） perfringens blood stream infection. She died 13 hours after admission in spite of aggressive...Here we reported a 59-year-old woman with diabetes who was found to have massive hemolysis associatedwith clostridium （C.） perfringens blood stream infection. She died 13 hours after admission in spite of aggressive treatment. The lady referred to our hospital with high fever, chills, body ache and right hypochondriac pain for 1 day. Physical examination revealed a temperature of 39, heart rate of 110 beats/min, blood pressure of 101/69 mmHg, and a respiratory rate of 25 breaths/min. Pulse oximetry was 94% on room air. Chest auscultation revealed good air movement without rales. Tenderness of right upper abdomen was found. Abnormal laboratory results included white blood cell （WBC） count of 20x109/L with 90.9% neutrophils,展开更多
Objective: The rapid detection of blood stream infection has the potential to not only improve patient outcomes due to quicker administration of appropriate antibiotics but also improve antibiotic stewardship by reduc...Objective: The rapid detection of blood stream infection has the potential to not only improve patient outcomes due to quicker administration of appropriate antibiotics but also improve antibiotic stewardship by reducing patient exposures to ineffective or unnecessary broad-spectrum antibiotics. Methods: In this study blood samples from acute leukemia neutropenic patients (samples under study) and non neutropenic patients (control) were tested using cultural and non-cultural based techniques via blood culture, C-reactive protein (CRP), Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and Molecular techniques (bacterial 16S rDNA analysis). Results: About 22% & 15% were shown positive in blood culturing;94% & 85% were positive for CRP;86% and 75% were presented by elevation in ESR rate for the first hour;94% and 80% were presented by elevation in ESR rate for second hour. Treatment response of the positive cases by blood culture only was found to be 72.7% and 100% not in remission for samples under study and control respectively. In cases under study there is statistically significant correlation between culture growth sensitivity and PCR technique with P value 0.005.展开更多
目的探讨基于行为转变理论的培训对新生儿护士经外周置入中心静脉导管(peripherally inserted central catheter,PICC)相关血流感染防控行为的影响。方法采取随机抽样法,选取绵阳市某医院42名新生儿护士为研究对象,对其实施基于行为转...目的探讨基于行为转变理论的培训对新生儿护士经外周置入中心静脉导管(peripherally inserted central catheter,PICC)相关血流感染防控行为的影响。方法采取随机抽样法,选取绵阳市某医院42名新生儿护士为研究对象,对其实施基于行为转变理论的PICC相关血流感染防控培训,培训前、培训后分别采用PICC相关血流感染防控行为阶段调查表与PICC相关血流感染防控实践现状调查表对新生儿护士的PICC相关血流感染防控行为、感染防控认知与操作水平、导管相关性血流感染发生率进行评价。结果培训后,新生儿护士导管相关血流感染防控行为阶段优于培训前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),培训后导管相关血流感染防控认知与操作技能评分均高于培训前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),培训后导管相关性血流感染发生率1.06‰(2/1887)较培训前6.42‰(14/2180)明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论基于行为转变理论的培训有助于提升新生儿护士实施PICC相关血流感染防控措施的依从性,促进其防控行为发生正向转变,有助于PICC相关血流感染防控措施的落实,从而降低PICC相关血流感染发生率。展开更多
文摘Objectives Blood stream infections(BSIs)are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide.The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of BSI with a focus on the identification of the causative agent of BSI,and to further evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility profile of the causing bacterial pathogens.Methods A cross-section study was carried out at the tertiary care hospital in Peshawar,Pakistan from January to December,2018.Blood samples were collected in BACTEC™botdes and standard microbiological protocols were applied for the isolation and identification of bacterial strains.The antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed using disc diffusion method as per the 2014 guideline of Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute(CLSI).Results Of 567 blood cultures in total,111(19.6%)were positive for BSI.Male children were 64%(71/111)and female children were 36%(40/111).For the causative predominant group of microorganisms,Gramnegative bacteria were identified in 79(71.1%)isolates,and Gram-positive bacteria in 32(28.9%)isolates.The common bacteria of isolates were S.typhi(n=35,31.5%),E.coli(n=19,17.1%),S.aureus(n=18,16.2%),K.pneumonia(n=12,10.8%),and Enterococcus species(n=7,6.3%).The 36.7%(29/79)isolates of Gram-negative bacteria were ESBL producers,and 61.1%(11/18)of S.aureus isolates were methicillin resistant.Overall,72.9%isolates were multidrug resistant.Conclusions Gram-negative bacteria were the main cause of pediatric BSIs,where the predominant microorganism was S.卯hi.Remarkably,majority of the S.typhi isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin.
文摘Background: Continuous surveillance of pattern of blood stream infection is necessary in febrile neutropenia especially with the recent escalating trend in the management of pediatric cancer patients towards intensified regimens and with the increase in infections caused by resistant organisms limiting the choice of antibiotics. Aim: Monitoring if a change has occurred in pattern of blood stream infections (BSI) in febrile neutropenic (FN) pediatric cancer patients. Methods: Surveillance of FN episodes with positive BSI was prospectively monitored and compared to a previous surveillance in the same pediatric oncology unit. Results: A total of 232 BSI positive episodes were documented in 192 patients during a 6 months period. The results of recent surveillance analysis showed an increase in intensified regimens of chemotherapy, antimicrobial resistance, and prolonged duration of episodes when compared to previous surveillance, with a p value of <0.001, 0.005, and <0.001, respectively. There was an apparent decrease in the crude mortality but this was not statistically significant, 6% in 2011 and 10% in 2006. Conclusion: The pattern of BSI at our institution is still inclining towards gram positive organisms but is showing a shift towards more antibiotic resistance and prolonged episodes.
文摘Blood stream infections (BSIs) are a serious problem in patients with hematologic malignancies receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT). We evaluated the clinical utility of molecular diagnosis for the management of BSIs in such patients. We prospectively performed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of microbial DNA in blood samples from 10 consecutive patients with hematological malignancies at least once a week for one month after ASCT. In total, 51 and 54 samples were analyzed by bacterial and fungal PCR assays, respectively. Bacteria were detected in 24 samples from 8 patients by PCR, but in only 2 samples from one patient by blood culture. Notably, the bacteria detected in at least half of the 24 samples were considered to have originated from the oral cavity. Fungi were detected in 5 samples from 3 patients by PCR, but not by blood culture. Most cases with positive PCR results were manageable with empirical antimicrobial therapy without disclosure of DNA data. Our DNA analyses did not directly contribute to management of BSIs, but did provide valuable microbiological evidence for the patients. Additionally, oral management appears to require a critical re-evaluation to reduce the occurrence of BSIs in ASCT recipients.
文摘Objective: Our object is to study risk factors of tumor patients’ PICC catheter-related blood stream infection. Method: a retrospective analysis of data of 586 PICC catheterized patients was implemented, a univariate analysis of general data and catheterizing data of tumor patients was then carried out, and data of single factors with statistical significance were incorporated into multi-factor Logistic regression model for analysis. Results: PICC catheter-related blood stream infection occurred to 16 patients, and occurrence rate was 2.73%. Multi-factor Logistic regression analysis results showed that number of puncturing times, positioning method and maintenance frequency were risk factors for tumor patients’ peripherally inserted central catheter catheter-related blood stream infection, and odds risk values were respectively 8.762, 9.253 and 10.324. Conclusion: for tumor patients implanted with peripherally inserted central catheters, using ECG positioning during strict sterile operation and catheterizing process to avoid repeated puncturing and increasing maintenance frequency could effectively reduce occurrence of PICC catheter-related blood stream infection.
文摘Here we reported a 59-year-old woman with diabetes who was found to have massive hemolysis associatedwith clostridium （C.） perfringens blood stream infection. She died 13 hours after admission in spite of aggressive treatment. The lady referred to our hospital with high fever, chills, body ache and right hypochondriac pain for 1 day. Physical examination revealed a temperature of 39, heart rate of 110 beats/min, blood pressure of 101/69 mmHg, and a respiratory rate of 25 breaths/min. Pulse oximetry was 94% on room air. Chest auscultation revealed good air movement without rales. Tenderness of right upper abdomen was found. Abnormal laboratory results included white blood cell （WBC） count of 20x109/L with 90.9% neutrophils,
文摘Objective: The rapid detection of blood stream infection has the potential to not only improve patient outcomes due to quicker administration of appropriate antibiotics but also improve antibiotic stewardship by reducing patient exposures to ineffective or unnecessary broad-spectrum antibiotics. Methods: In this study blood samples from acute leukemia neutropenic patients (samples under study) and non neutropenic patients (control) were tested using cultural and non-cultural based techniques via blood culture, C-reactive protein (CRP), Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and Molecular techniques (bacterial 16S rDNA analysis). Results: About 22% & 15% were shown positive in blood culturing;94% & 85% were positive for CRP;86% and 75% were presented by elevation in ESR rate for the first hour;94% and 80% were presented by elevation in ESR rate for second hour. Treatment response of the positive cases by blood culture only was found to be 72.7% and 100% not in remission for samples under study and control respectively. In cases under study there is statistically significant correlation between culture growth sensitivity and PCR technique with P value 0.005.
文摘目的探讨基于行为转变理论的培训对新生儿护士经外周置入中心静脉导管(peripherally inserted central catheter,PICC)相关血流感染防控行为的影响。方法采取随机抽样法,选取绵阳市某医院42名新生儿护士为研究对象,对其实施基于行为转变理论的PICC相关血流感染防控培训,培训前、培训后分别采用PICC相关血流感染防控行为阶段调查表与PICC相关血流感染防控实践现状调查表对新生儿护士的PICC相关血流感染防控行为、感染防控认知与操作水平、导管相关性血流感染发生率进行评价。结果培训后,新生儿护士导管相关血流感染防控行为阶段优于培训前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),培训后导管相关血流感染防控认知与操作技能评分均高于培训前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),培训后导管相关性血流感染发生率1.06‰(2/1887)较培训前6.42‰(14/2180)明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论基于行为转变理论的培训有助于提升新生儿护士实施PICC相关血流感染防控措施的依从性,促进其防控行为发生正向转变,有助于PICC相关血流感染防控措施的落实,从而降低PICC相关血流感染发生率。
