Blossom-end rot:a century-old problem in tomato(Solanum lycopersicum L.)and other vegetables

Blossom-end rot(BER)is a devastating physiological disorder affecting vegetable production worldwide.Extensive research into the physiological aspects of the disorder has demonstrated that the underlying causes of BER are associated with perturbed calcium(Ca^(2+))homeostasis and irregular watering conditions in predominantly cultivated accessions.Further,Reactive Oxygen Species(ROS)are critical players in BER development which,combined with unbalanced Ca^(2+)concentrations,greatly affect the severity of the disorder.The availability of a high-quality reference tomato genome as well as the whole genome resequencing of many accessions has recently permitted the genetic dissection of BER in segregating populations derived from crosses between cultivated tomato accessions.This has led to the identification of five loci contributing to BER from several studies.The eventual cloning of the genes contributing to BER would result in a deeper understanding of the molecular bases of the disorder.This will undoubtedly create crop improvement strategies for tomato as well as many other vegetables that suffer from BER.

A novel pathogen Fusarium cuneirostrum causing common bean(Phaseolus vulgaris)root rot in China

Several fungal pathogens cause root rot of common bean,among which Fusarium spp.are the most common pathogens causing Fusarium root rot(FRR)worldwide.FRR has been becoming an increasingly severe disease of common bean in China,but the species of Fusarium spp.have remained unclear.Thus,this study was performed to identify the pathogen causing common bean root rot in Liangcheng County,Inner Mongolia,China.Nineteen Fusarium-like isolates were obtained after pathogen isolation and purification.The pathogenicity test indicated that eight isolates caused severe disease symptoms on common bean,while 11 other isolates were not pathogenic.The eight pathogenic isolates,FCL1–FCL8,were identified as Fusarium cuneirostrum by morphological characterization and phylogenetic analysis using partial sequences of EF-1α,ITS,28S,and IGS regions.Host range test showed that the representative F.cuneirostrum isolate FCL3 was also pathogenic to mung bean,while not pathogenic to adzuki bean,chickpea,cowpea,faba bean,pea,and soybean.Moreover,50 common bean and 50 mung bean cultivars were screened for resistance to FRR,and seven highly resistant or resistant cultivars of common bean were identified,while no resistant cultivars of mung bean were screened.This study revealed that F.cuneirostrum was one of common bean FRR pathogens in Inner Mongolia and it could induce mung bean root rot as well.To our knowledge,this is the first report of F.cuneirostrum causing FRR of common bean in China.

Controllable optical bistability in a Fabry-Pérot cavity with a nonlinear three-dimensional Dirac semimetal

Optical bistability(OB)is capable of rapidly and reversibly transforming a parameter of an optical signal from one state to another,and homologous nonlinear optical bistable devices are core components of high-speed all-optical communication and all-optical networks.In this paper,we theoretically investigated the controllable OB from a Fabry-Pérot(FP)cavity with a nonlinear three-dimensional Dirac semimetal(3D DSM)in the terahertz band.The OB stems from the third-order nonlinear bulk conductivity of the 3D DSM and the resonance mode has a positive effect on the generation of OB.This FP cavity structure is able to tune the OB because the transmittance and the reflectance can be modulated by the Fermi energy of the 3D DSM.We believe that this FP cavity configuration could provide a reference concept for realizing tunable bistable devices.

Genome-wide association mapping and genomic prediction of stalk rot in two mid-altitude tropical maize populations

Maize stalk rot reduces grain yield and quality.Information about the genetics of resistance to maize stalk rot could help breeders design effective breeding strategies for the trait.Genomic prediction may be a more effective breeding strategy for stalk-rot resistance than marker-assisted selection.We performed a genome-wide association study(GWAS)and genomic prediction of resistance in testcross hybrids of 677 inbred lines from the Tuxpe?o and non-Tuxpe?o heterotic pools grown in three environments and genotyped with 200,681 single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs).Eighteen SNPs associated with stalk rot shared genomic regions with gene families previously associated with plant biotic and abiotic responses.More favorable SNP haplotypes traced to tropical than to temperate progenitors of the inbred lines.Incorporating genotype-by-environment(G×E)interaction increased genomic prediction accuracy.

Effective transmittance of Fabry–Perot cavity under non-parallel beam incidence

The Fabry–Perot(FP) resonant cavity is widely used in laser and spectroscopic measurements due to its unique interference transfer function(ITF). In the ideal case of parallel incident light, the ITF of the FP resonant cavity can be expressed by the Airy function. However, in reality, it is difficult to achieve perfect parallelism with collimated beams. In this article, a theoretical model is established for non-parallel light incidence, which assumes that the non-parallel incident light is a cone-shaped beam, and the cone angle is used to quantify the non-parallelism of the beam. The transmittance function of the FP resonant cavity under non-parallel light incidence is derived. The accuracy of the model is experimentally verified. Based on this model, the effects of divergence angle, tilt angle and FP cavity parameters(reflectivity, cavity length)on the ITF are studied. The reasons for the decrease in peak value, broadening and asymmetry of the interference peak under non-parallel light incidence are explained. It is suggested that a fine balance between the interference peak and the collimation effect of the incident light should be considered in the design and application of FP resonant cavities, especially for tilted applications such as angle-scanned spectroscopy. The research results of this article have certain significance for the design and application of FP resonant cavities.

Damage and Control Suggestions for the Emerging Disease Coffee Root Rot

[Objectives]The paper was to elucidate the symptoms,morphological characteristics,etiological factors,and current extent of damage associated with coffee root rot disease.[Methods]The symptoms,morphological characteristics,and etiological factors associated with coffee root rot disease were systematically observed,described,and analyzed.The assessment of damage was carried out using a specialized investigative methodology.[Results]The application of bottom fertilizer containing Fusarium incarnatum facilitated the pathogen's entry through root wounds during transplantation,resulting in the development of water-soaked depression lesions in the affected areas.This infection significantly reduced the number of lateral roots in coffee plants,leading to symptoms such as wilting,withering,and ultimately,the death of the aboveground foliage.F.incarnatum exhibited three distinct types of spore morphology:macroconidia,which were sickle-shaped;mesoconidia,which were spindle-shaped;and microconidia,which were oval-shaped.The incidence rate of the disease in the affected region reached 100%,with a disease index exceeding 91,indicating severe damage.[Conclusions]This study serves as a valuable reference for the prevention and management of the emerging disease known as coffee root rot.

New Rotative Radiofrequency Technology: A Multicenter Retrospective Study on Efficacy and Safety

Background: Non-ablative radiofrequency (RF) technology is widely used for the treatment of signs of aging, skin laxity, localized fat and cellulite. However, many RF devices suffer from technical limitations that make the results highly dependent on the user’s experience or clinical limitations that compromise safety, efficacy and comfort. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel semi-automatic non-ablative RF device for skin tightening, body shaping and cellulite reduction. Materials and methods: A retrospective multicenter study was performed using a novel rotative RF device with temperature and impedance control (Sculpt&Shape®, Sinclair, Spain). 58 subjects underwent a minimum of 4 treatments every 1-2 weeks. A total of 120 treatments (56.7% body and 43.3% facial) and 1034 sessions were performed. Efficacy was evaluated by 3 researchers using the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) and anthropometric measurements were collected. Subject and practitioner satisfaction were recorded. Safety was evaluated by analyzing the perception of pain during the treatment and the side and adverse effects immediately after treatment and over the next 48 hours. Results: Between 25% and 50% improvement was achieved according to the GAIS. Statistically significant (p < 0.01) abdominal fold reduction of 5.1 mm and circumference reduction of 32.0 mm, 16.4 mm and 13.9 mm were recorded for the abdomen, legs and arms, respectively. 77.5% of subjects and 94.9% of practitioners were either satisfied or very satisfied. Minor adverse effects were found in 0.97% of the sessions. Conclusion: This novel semi-automatic rotative RF device has been found to provide treatments that are effective, safe and comfortable for both practitioners and subjects. .

Influence of Microorganisms Effective against Basal Rot and on Agronomic Parameters of Onion [Allium cepa L. (Amaryllidaceae)]

Onions are a horticultural crop of great economic, dietary and medicinal importance, and are highly prized by the Ivorian population. However, production remains low, due to a number of constraints, including parasitic attacks. The most frequent is fusariosis caused by Fusarium sp., a pathogen that causes enormous damage to onion crops. Faced with these attacks, chemical control appears to be ineffective, with consequences for human health and the environment. This is why the search for effective alternative methods that respect the environment and human health is so necessary. It is in this context that this study was carried out, with the general aim of controlling fusarium wilt in onion crops, with a view to improving onion production in Ivory Coast through the use of effective microorganisms. The experimental set-up used for this purpose was a fisher block with complete randomization, comprising three replicates. A fungal spore concentration of 106 spore/mL of Fusarium sp., three doses (1%;2.5% and 5% v/v) of EM and one dose of a chemical fungicide (30 mL/16L) were tested on young onion plants. Each block consisted of nine sub-plots with nine treatments. Health parameters (incidence and severity) and agronomic parameters (growth and yield) were assessed. Microbiological analysis of the EM revealed the presence of nine morphotypes of Trichoderma sp., Aspergillus clavatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Rhizopus sp., lactic acid bacteria of the Bacillus family and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Field experimentation showed that the 5% EM microbial solution reduced the incidence and severity of fusariosis compared with the chemical fungicide, and proved to be the best. This dose reduced yield losses by 7.14%, while improving onion growth and yield by over 5%. The results demonstrated the ability of the EM solution to effectively control the causal agent of basal rot in onion crops.

Screening of Antagonistic Actinomyces against Soft Rot of Amorphophallus konjac and Its Antibacterial Activity

[Objective] Antagonistic actinomyces of Amorphophallus konjac soft rot were isolated from the soil,the antibacterial activity of the fermentation was detected,and its active components were separated.[Method] The antagonistic actinomycetes were screened using plate confrontation culture method.The SJK18 antagonistic strain with strong activity was conducted single-factor tests using different carbon sources,nitrogen sources,temperatures and pH value as the culture condition,and the antibacterial activities of fermentation liquid was determined,respectively.The fermentation liquid of antagonistic strain was extracted with alcohol and acetic ester,and their antibacterial activities were determined.[Result] A total of 112 strains of actinomycetes were obtained,and 11 strains had antibacterial activity.The antibacterial activity of SJK18 strain was the strongest in the single-factor test,when the corn powder was adopted as the carbon sources,KNO3 was the nitrogen source,the temperature was 30 ℃ and the pH was 6.0,the appropriate pH value for the activity was 5.5-10.0.The diameters of inhibition zone of alcohol extract and raffinate of ethyl acetate were 17.0 and 20.0 mm,respectively,while the extraction of ethyl acetate had no antibacterial activity.[Conclusion] A strain of actinomyces with strong antibacterial activity against soft rot of A.konjac was obtained.

基于ROT模式的大型体育中心赛后改造规划探讨——以深圳大运中心为例

文章通过实地调研,结合文献查阅等途径,就大型体育中心赛后闲置、亏损运营等问题进行分析,并以深圳大运中心为例,探讨了基于ROT运营模式的体育中心赛后改造规划实践,提出从协调周边区域发展的外部空间改造、结合多种运营模式的场馆内部空间改造等方面提高大型体育中心赛后运营能力的有效途径。研究发现,应通过对体育场馆内、外部空间的改造,积极拓展体育场馆运营的价值链,通过"非体"产业带动"本体"产业发展,从而为体育中心的可持续发展奠定基础。

TD-SCDMA HSUPA基于系统RoT调度的干扰控制策略

该文提出了系统RoT的概念,以及利用系统RoT进行资源调度的策略,从而控制TD-SCDMA HSUPA(High-Speed Uplink Packet Access)技术中小区间干扰水平。在该策略中,系统RoT充分考虑了用户位置信息,因此在TD-SCDMAHSUPA这种"分散"调度模式下也能很好地控制小区间的干扰。由系统仿真表明,该策略显著改善了系统性能。

公立医院改革的“ROT”模式解读及其适用探析

通过全面考察门头沟医院"ROT"模式,提出公立医院改革应摆脱"市场派"与"计划派"的理论桎梏,明晰产权体制与管理模式的内在关系,拓宽公立医院公益性实现形式的外延,大力培育优质社会资本,倾听群众和医院职工呼声的对策。这一系列"组合拳"式改革完善举措的出台将对今后在全国范围内广泛推广和实施公立医院"ROT"改革模式将大有裨益。

Intergeneric Somatic Hybrid Plants Between Citrus and Poncirus trifoliata and Evaluation of Their Root Rot Resistance

Protoplasts of Page tangelo (Citrus reticulata Blanco×C. paradisi Macf.) cell suspension culture were electrically fused with mesophyll protoplasts isolated from trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.). More than 150 plantlets regenerated after 4-5 months of culture. The regenerated plants were trifoliate with well developed root systems. Root_tip chromosome counting of more than 20 randomly selected plants revealed that they were all tetraploids (2n=4x=36). RAPD analysis of 7 randomly selected plants verified their hybridity. Inoculation of citrus Phytophthora parasitica Dastar toxin on leaves of somatic hybrids and both parental genotypes showed that Page tangelo was moderately susceptible, and trifoliate orange was highly resistant while the somatic hybrids were resistant. The potential of this somatic hybrid as rootstock is also discussed.

三维区域上Q_1^(rot)元的渐近展开及外推

本文研究了正方体区域上Q_1^(rot)非协调元渐近展开式.利用林群、吕涛等提出的有限元误差渐近展开法,获得了正方体区域上Q_1^(rot)非协调元特征值的误差渐近展开式.理论分析和数值实验结果表明三维Q_1^(rot)非协调元特征值外推公式是有效的,可以把特征值的精度从二阶提高到四阶.

Isolation and Identification of Fungus Causing Collar Rot Disease of Rubber Tree

Collar rot caused the death of Hevea rubber in a village located in Jino County of Xishuangbanna in September, 2012. In order to elucidate the causal agent of collar rot and its taxonomic status, the causal fungus was isolated and identified through a series of tests about its pathogenicity, morphology, culture feature and biological characteristics. The results indicated that the fungus was Fusarium venfrico- sum. It could grow at temperatures ranging from 10 to 40 ℃, and the most suitable temperature was 30 ℃. Its mycelium growth was inhibited above 40 ℃ or below 10 ℃. The accumulated water in wet season was the main reason for this disease occurrence.

The Therapeutic Effect of Onion on the Pathogenic Bacteria of Gill Rot Disease in Grass Carp

[Objective] The curative effect of onion on bacterial rotted gill disease in grass carp was researched [Method] The combination method of taking medicine through oral and spraying was used to cure sick grass carp for 1 period of treatment in room under artificial conditions. [Result] Different concentrations of onion generated different cure rates. When the combination was adding 1.0% - 2.0% medicine into feed and spraying 2.0 g,/m3 - 5.0 g,/m3, the curative result was the best with cure rate was 70% -90% [ Conclusion] The onion was effective on curing bacterial rotted gill disease in grass carp and could be taken as curative medicine.

马铃薯软腐病菌Erwinia carotovora subsp.carotovora 714种胞外酶基因的克隆和原核表达分析

以马铃薯软腐病菌Erwinia carotovora subsp.carotovora71(Ecc71)为材料,利用同源克隆技术克隆软腐病果胶酸盐裂解酶(pel)、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(peh)、纤维素酶(cel)和蛋白酶(prt)基因,对其进行生物信息学分析,并将其克隆到原核表达载体pET28a中,将重组载体pET28a-pel、pET28a-peh、pET28a-cel和pET28a-prt转化至大肠杆菌E.coli BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE电泳鉴定和酶活测定,得到了与理论推算的pel、peh、cel和prt基因表达产物分子质量相符的特异条带,并且其酶活性分别为1.672U·mL-1·h-1和0.024、112.7、16.95U·mL-1·min-1。这些结果为今后探究这4种酶之间的相互作用及马铃薯抗病性研究奠定了基础。

响应面法优化白腐菌Pleurotus ostreatus降解六氯苯

采用响应面法优化白腐菌侧耳属菌株(Pleurotus ostreatus)降解六氯苯(HCB)的条件。结果表明,对HCB降解率影响显著性较大的是摇床转速和pH。在摇床转速125r/min、pH为7.0、培养温度为28℃、HCB初始质量浓度为10mg/L、接种量为5%(体积分数)、培养时间为2d的优化条件下,HCB降解率和降解速率分别为92.73%和2.318mg/(L.d)。

非线性粘弹性方程的EQ_1^(rot)非协调有限元分析(英文)

针对非线性粘弹性方程,在半离散和全离散格式下给出EQ1rot非协调有限元逼近.由于该单元的相容误差 (O(h2)阶)比插值误差 (O(h)阶)高一阶,可得到在H1模意义下的O(h2)阶超逼近结果,并利用插值后处理技术导出整体超收敛.进而,基于该单元的渐近展开式,构造新的插值后处理算子和外推格式,给出O(h4)阶的外推结果.最后,运用与以往文献不同的方法得到全离散逼近格式的最优误差估计.

白腐菌Pleurotus ostreatus漆酶的生产及其最佳诱导条件

漆酶可催化酚类化合物和芳香胺的氧化,在小分子介体物质存在下,漆酶氧化范围可进一步扩大。白腐菌Pleurotusostreatus3.42产漆酶能力强,可成为工业用漆酶的重要生产者。研究结果表明,其在静止培养条件下,菌体生长及产漆酶能力都优于摇床培养,同时限氮培养也利于漆酶的生产。在所选的碳氮源中,纤维素和酪蛋白为最佳碳氮源。在诱导剂中ABTS诱导效果最佳,添加后漆酶酶活可达1000U／mL。