The Effect of the Process on Mechanical Properties of Polylactic Acid-Date Palm Leaf Fibers Composite Films Produced By Extrusion Blowing

Biocomposite films prepared with melt compounding and film blowing have become a new trend in plastic research to deliver more eco-friendly packages.Polylactic acid(PLA)was melt compounded with minimally processed date palm leaf fiber(DPLF)and converted into films by blown film extrusion.The compounding was done in order to enhance the film mechanical properties in one hand,and to decrease the film production cost in the other hand.In this present study,a reference PLA film and films with 1%,2%,and 5%of DPLF(weight%)were produced with different process parameters.The spatial variations in films thickness and lay flat width indicate that the addition of DPLF up to 2%enhances the bubble stability for the tested process parameters.However,the composite with 5%DPLF shows nearly the same processability window as the neat PLA.The structural and mechanical characterizations of films suggest a reinforcing effect of the PLA matrix up to 2%of fiber(with an optimum at 1%).Larger DPLF loading leads to depressed and more anisotropic mechanical properties,related to an increased density of defects at the fiber-PLA fragile interface and to a DPLF-induced enhanced PLA thermal degradation and amorphous phase orientation.

Streamlines in the Two-Dimensional Spreading of a Thin Fluid Film: Blowing and Suction Velocity Proportional to the Height

The two-dimensional spreading under gravity of a thin fluid film with suction (fluid leak-off) or blowing (fluid injection) at the base is considered. The thin fluid film approximation is imposed. The height of the thin film satisfies a nonlinear diffusion equation with a source/sink term. The Lie point symmetries of the nonlinear diffusion equation are derived and exist, which provided the fluid velocity at the base, vn satisfies a first order linear partial differential equation. The general form has algebraic time dependence while a special case has exponential time dependence. The solution in which vn is proportional to the height of the thin film is studied. The width of the base always increases with time even for suction while the height decreases with time for sufficiently weak blowing. The streamlines of the fluid flow inside the thin film are plotted by first solving a cubic equation. For sufficiently weak blowing there is a dividing streamline, emanating from the stagnation point on the centre line which separates the fluid flow into two regions, a lower region consisting of rising fluid and dominated by fluid injection at the base and an upper region consisting of descending fluid and dominated by spreading due to gravity. For sufficiently strong blowing the lower region expands to completely fill the whole thin film.

Streamlines in the Two-Dimensional Spreading of a Thin Fluid Film: Blowing and Suction Velocity Proportional to the Spatial Gradient of the Height

The aim of this investigation is to determine the effect of fluid leak-off (suction) and fluid injection (blowing) at the horizontal base on the two-dimensional spreading under the gravity of a thin film of viscous incompressible fluid by studying the evolution of the streamlines in the thin film. It is assumed that the normal component of the fluid velocity at the base is proportional to the spatial gradient of the height of the film. Lie symmetry methods for partial differential equations are applied. The invariant solution for the surface profile is derived. It is found that the thin fluid film approximation is satisfied for weak to moderate leak-off and for the whole range of fluid injection. The streamlines are derived and plotted by solving a cubic equation numerically. For fluid injection, there is a dividing streamline originating at the stagnation point at the base which separates the flow into two regions, a lower region consisting mainly of rising fluid and an upper region consisting mainly of descending fluid. An approximate analytical solution for the dividing streamline is derived. It generates an approximate V-shaped surface along the length of the two-dimensional film with the vertex of each section the stagnation point. It is concluded that the fluid flow inside the thin film can be visualised by plotting the streamlines. Other models relating the fluid velocity at the base to the height of the thin film can be expected to contain a dividing streamline originating at a stagnation point and dividing the flow into a lower region of rising fluid and an upper region of descending fluid.

具Neumann边界条件的Thin-Film方程解的爆破与熄灭

本文考虑具有非局部源的四阶Thin-Film方程的初边值问题.借助势井方法,得到了变号弱解整体存在和爆破的最佳条件.另外,研究了整体解的熄灭性质和非熄灭解的渐近行为.

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION FOR THE EFFECT OF ROTATION ON THREE-DIMENSIONAL FLOW FIELD IN FILM-COOLED TURBINE

An experimental investigation of three-dimensional flow field in a film-cooled turbine model is carried out by using particle image velocimeter （PIV） in a low-speed wind tunnel. The effects of different blowing ratios （M=1.5, 2） on the flow field are studied. The experimental results reveal the classical phenomena of the formation of kidney vortex pair and secondary flow in wake region behind the jet hole. And the changes of the kidney vortex pair and the wake at different locations away from the hole on the suction and pressure sides are also studied. Compared with the flow field in stationary cascade, there are centrifugal force and Coriolis force existing in the flow field of rotating turbine, and these forces bring the radial velocity in the jet flow. The effect of rotatien on the flow field of the pressure side is more distinct than that on the suction side from the measured flow fields in Y-Z plane and radial velocity contours. The increase of blowing ratio makes the kidney vortex pair and the secondary flow in the wake region stronger and makes the range of the wake region enlarged.

Numerical Modeling and Analysis of Grooved Surface Applied to Film Cooling

In order to improve the efficiency of film cooling, numerical investigation was carried out to study the effects of different film-cooled plates on surface heat transfer. Both grooved and non-grooved surfaces were concerned. The modeling was per- formed using Fluent software with the adoption of Shear-Stress Transport （SST） k-ωmodel as the turbulence closure. The coolant was supplied by a single film cooling hole with an inclination angle of 30°. The Mach numbers for the coolant flow and the mainstream flow were fixed at 0 and 0.6, respectively. At three blowing ratios of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5, the aerodynamic behaviour of the mixing process as well as the heat transfer performance of the film cooling were presented. The numerical results were validated using experimental data extracted from a benchmark test. Good agreements between numerical results and the ex- perimental data were observed. For the film cooling efficiency, it shows that both local and laterally averaged cooling effectiveness can be improved by the non-smooth surface at different blowing ratios. Using the grooved surface, the turbulence intensity upon the plate can be reduced notably, and the mixing between the two flows is weakened due to the reduced turbu lence level. The results indicate that the cooling effectiveness of film cooling can be enhanced by applying the grooved surface.

Analysis of Film Cooling Effectiveness on Shaped Hole and Antivortex Hole

Film cooling is introduction of a secondary fluid （coolant or injected fluid） at one or more discrete locations along a surface exposed to a high temperature environment to protect that surface not only in the immediate region of injection but also downstream region. This paper numerically investigated the film cooling effectiveness on two types of hole geometries which are cut-shaped hole and antivortex hole. The 3D computational geometries are modeled with a single 30 deg angled hole on a flat surface. The different blowing ratios of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5,5 and k-Epsilon turbulence model are used in this study. A two dimensional distribution of film cooling effectiveness in the downstream region of the cooling hole is performed. A comparison of spanwise averaged effectiveness is also performed in the field starts from center point of hole to X/D=-30.

凹槽叶顶的气膜冷却特性

涡轮工作时,叶顶间隙内高速高温的间隙泄露流会直接冲刷动叶顶部,产生局部高温区域,因此控制间隙泄露流至关重要。基于压敏漆涂料(PSP)实验,研究了密度比、吹风比和间隙高度对凹槽叶顶气膜冷却特性的影响。研究结果表明:密度比增大,凹槽叶顶气膜冷却效果逐渐提高,尤其是大间隙下冷效提高较为明显,叶顶面平均冷效增加了35%;间隙高度和吹风比对叶顶表面冷效的作用不是单一的,小间隙条件下,叶顶表面气膜冷效随着吹风比增大而增大,大间隙条件下,吹风比的增加使得叶顶表面气膜冷效先减小后增加,同时小吹风比时,间隙高度增加提高了叶顶尾缘区域和孔周围的气膜冷效,叶顶面平均冷效提高了6.85%。

气膜孔堵塞对凹槽叶顶冷却传热性能的影响

采用数值方法,研究了燃气透平叶片气膜孔堵塞条件下凹槽叶顶的冷却传热性能,获得了3种吹风比M=0.5, 1.0, 1.5和不同堵塞比B=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8条件下的凹槽叶顶的气膜冷却效率和传热系数分布。研究表明:气膜孔堵塞会导致凹槽叶顶气膜冷却性能下降、热负荷升高,堵塞比越大,凹槽叶顶的冷却传热性能越差。气膜孔堵塞显著改变了叶顶区域的流场结构,加剧冷气的抬升效应,导致冷气过早离开凹槽。吹风比是影响堵塞工况下凹槽叶顶冷却传热性能的重要因素,吹风比为1.0、堵塞比为0.8时,凹槽叶顶的面积平均气膜冷却效率相比于未堵塞时下降了64.88%、传热系数上升了13.01%。减小吹风比可以改善小堵塞比工况下的叶顶气膜冷却性能,吹风比为0.5、堵塞比为0.4时,叶顶平均气膜冷却效率仅下降了6.82%,但小吹风比会导致大堵塞比工况下的气膜冷却性能恶化严重,吹风比为0.5、堵塞比为0.8时,平均气膜冷却效率下降了82.09%。增大吹风比,可改善大堵塞比工况下的叶顶气膜冷却性能,吹风比为1.5、堵塞比为0.8条件下叶顶平均气膜冷却效率下降了51.34%、传热系数上升了11.52%。

V形气膜孔气膜冷却效率的数值分析研究

采用数值模拟方法研究了不同角度和吹风比条件下V形气膜孔的气膜冷却效率,并与椭圆形气膜孔进行了对比。结果表明:相同吹风比下,3种V形气膜孔的冷却效率都要高于椭圆形气膜孔,角度对V形气膜孔冷却效率有较大影响。计算结果对目前涡轮叶片气膜孔的设计有一定指导意义。

变论域模糊PID在吹膜机收卷张力中的应用

在吹膜机生产加工过程中,吹膜机张力的精准控制和稳定性是影响薄膜质量的关键因素,传统PLC控制的吹膜机张力控制系统是一个非线性、强耦合和抗干扰能力低的控制系统,结合吹膜机设备结构功能特点,搭建薄膜收卷张力控制系统模型,采用变论域模糊PID控制方式实现对吹膜机张力精准的提高。变论域模糊PID控制主要是通过伸缩因子来实时调整模糊论域变化进而实现动态调节PID参数,通过MATLAB仿真对比分析可知,变论域模糊PID在收卷张力控制效果方面优于模糊PID和传统PID控制方式,且吹膜机张力控制系统无超调,上升时间短,抗干扰能力强。实验表明,变论域模糊PID控制策略对非线性时变的薄膜张力控制效果改变显著。

挤出吹塑工艺对PBAT/PLA共混体系微观结构与性能的影响

通过调控工艺条件(机头温度、牵引速度)熔融共混挤出吹塑聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯/聚乳酸(PBAT/PLA)原位成纤共混体系薄膜。结果表明,在较低的机头温度时,随着牵引速度的不断增加,分散相PLA在连续相PBAT中原位成纤,且微纤直径逐渐减小,结晶度先增大后下降。挤出吹塑薄膜的纵向拉伸强度和拉伸模量均先增加后减小。在机头温度为150℃、牵引速度为5.0 m/min时,共混体系中PLA成纤效果最明显;薄膜纵向拉伸强度达到40.0 MPa,比纯PBAT提高了20%;拉伸模量达到723.9 MPa,较纯PBAT提升明显。

不同开度可调涡轮导叶前缘气膜冷却效果研究

针对变循环发动机的可调低压涡轮导叶开展了不同开度下的前缘气膜冷却效果研究。采用数值仿真的方法,研究了5种典型导叶开度下的导叶表面压力系数分布规律,探究了开度与冷气吹风比对叶片前缘气膜出流特性和覆盖特性的影响规律。结果表明:导叶开度的减小导致前缘的气动驻点位置向压力面方向移动,造成前缘冷气射流更多地流向吸力面侧,使吸力面气膜冷却效率提高;此外,导叶开度的减小导致吸力面与压力面的冷气贴壁效果都有提高,但两者的具体机理不同。导叶开度的变化对前缘气膜孔最佳吹风比影响较小,不同开度下的最佳吹风比都在1.0附近。由于导叶开度为0°时滞止线位于气膜孔排4之上,堵塞效应显著,与开度为5°、−5°条件相比,面平均气膜冷却效率降低了13.6%。

聚乙烯醇吹塑薄膜的力学性能

采用哈克挤出 -吹塑设备制备了 PVA吹塑薄膜。研究了热处理条件对薄膜水含量、结晶以及力学性能的影响。结果表明 ,处理温度、处理时间及水含量对薄膜结构与性能均有较大影响 ;处理温度一定 ,随时间延长 ,薄膜水含量减少 ,结晶度增加 ,拉伸强度提高 ,达平衡水含量时 ,结晶度和拉伸强度最高 ;处理温度升高 ,水蒸发加剧 ,平衡水含量降低 ,薄膜结晶度和拉伸强度变化 ,10

预糊化对挤压吹塑制备淀粉/PVA纳米复合膜性能的影响

为了获得高性能的淀粉基复合膜,选取羟丙基交联淀粉(HP)和2种预糊化羟丙基交联淀粉(PC、PE)为成膜基材,分别与2种聚合度的PVA(1 700、2 400)复合,添加有机改性蒙脱土为增强剂,采用挤压吹塑法制备了淀粉/PVA纳米复合膜。结果表明:PC/PVA、PE/PVA复合膜表面不存在淀粉颗粒碎片,HP/PVA复合膜表面分布着未糊化的淀粉颗粒;同种淀粉和高聚合度的PVA之间,界面亲合力更强,相容性更好,形成的复合膜力学性能较好,疏水性能更强;预糊化淀粉有利于良好、有序插层结构的形成,与PVA分子之间联结更紧密,阻碍了水分子的吸附和透过。

柠檬酸对挤压吹塑淀粉/聚乙烯醇复合膜性能的影响

为了提高淀粉基复合膜的阻水性和疏水性,选取羟丙基二淀粉磷酸酯与聚乙烯醇(PVA)为成膜基材,添加柠檬酸为交联剂,采用挤压吹塑法制备了淀粉/PVA复合膜,并对其流变性能、阻水性能、疏水性能和交联程度等进行表征。结果表明,随着柠檬酸添加量的增加,高聚物流体的表观黏度升高,淀粉/PVA复合膜的交联和酯化程度随之增加,淀粉膜的抗拉强度和拉伸模量呈降低趋势,而断裂伸长率先升高后降低;添加2%的柠檬酸,淀粉/PVA复合膜的阻水性最佳,疏水性最强,具有最小的溶胀度、最大的凝胶质量和最高的交联密度。

木质素/PE复合薄膜的制备及性能研究

以木质素和LDPE为原料 ,添加偶联剂、增塑剂 ,经二次造粒后 ,用挤出机挤出吹塑 ,得到厚度在 0 2～0 45mm的复合薄膜 ;研究了其力学性能和透光性。结果表明 :复合薄膜中木质素质量分数可达 40 % ,薄膜的拉伸强度可达 19 6MPa ,断裂伸长率达 12 0 % ;PE在木质素 /PE复合薄膜中形成了连续相 ,木质素分散于PE基体中 ;低用量木质素复合薄膜有一定透光性 ,木质素质量分数超过 2 0

填料对吹塑聚乙烯微孔薄膜性能的影响

采用普通吹塑方法 ,以可发性功能母粒与聚乙烯混合料为原料成功成型了厚度、透气透湿性能和力学性能均可调节的微孔薄膜 ,重点研究碳酸钙、淀粉、高岭土等填料对聚乙烯微孔薄膜力学性能、透气透湿性能及薄膜微孔结构的影响。

PVA／淀粉薄膜挤出吹塑工艺及性能研究

采用挤出造粒和吹塑工艺连续制备了聚乙烯醇／淀粉薄膜。探讨了淀粉含量、增塑剂含量、增塑剂中水含量和混料条件对PVA／淀粉薄膜加工温度、熔体流动性和薄膜力学性能的影响。结果表明，随着淀粉含量的增加，增塑剂含量的增加，物料的加工温度降低；随着增塑剂中水含量的增加，挤出造粒温度升高，吹膜温度不变；PVA／淀粉共混物优选的造粒温度是165～180℃，吹膜温度是205—220℃；淀粉含量为35％～50％，增塑剂含量60份以上，增塑剂中的水含量为1／6～1／3时，共混物有较好的加工流动性；分批逐滴加入增塑剂并在80～110℃下混料，可以使PVA／淀粉充分溶胀，利于热塑性加工；淀粉含量为40％、增塑剂含量为60份、增塑剂中的水含量为33％时，薄膜力学性能最佳。

聚乳酸/超支化聚酯/二氧化硅纳米复合材料的制备及性能研究

双螺杆熔融共混制备了聚乳酸(PLA)/超支化聚酯(HBP)/二氧化硅(Si O2)纳米复合材料,研究了HBP和Si O2的加入对PLA的热性能和流变性能的影响,并吹塑成型制备了PLA/HBP/Si O2薄膜材料,表征了其力学性能。结果表明,纳米Si O2优先分布于极性的HBP中形成分散相,两者的加入改善了PLA的流变性能,但对基体热性能影响较小;HBP和Si O2的加入改善了PLA薄膜的韧性,制备了增韧增强的PLA薄膜材料。