The purpose of the study was to evaluate the sperm viability of semen infected with PRRSV viral particles, observing the effect of the Virus on the motility of boar sperm. The work was carried out at the FMVZ-BUAP Gen...The purpose of the study was to evaluate the sperm viability of semen infected with PRRSV viral particles, observing the effect of the Virus on the motility of boar sperm. The work was carried out at the FMVZ-BUAP Genetics and Reproduction Laboratory. 5 stallions were used. Each sample contained 1 × 10<sup>6</sup> sperm, the PRRS virus strain was ATCC-VR-2332 (0, 10<sup>2</sup>, 10<sup>4</sup> and 10<sup>6</sup> copies of RNA/mL in triplicate), it was observed daily at the CASA;Hamilton Thorne<sup>®</sup>. Cells with MT (P < 0.05) on days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 of evaluation with 201 ± 7.3, 167 ± 10.1, 165 ± 14.6, 134 ± 8.2 and 120 ± 8.8, respectively. The % MP between control and virus concentrations (P ≥ 0.05). The LCV on day 1 and 7 PI at 10X<sup>2</sup> and 10X<sup>6</sup> (P < 0.05) vs control. In the Correlation Matrix, where it is observed that there is a correlation between VSL and VAP, VSL and VCL, VCL and ALH, VAP with ALH. There is a correlation of VSL and ALH, STR and ALH. In this study there were (P ≤ 0.01) in the VCL, in the concentrations (10<sup>2</sup>) 162.81 ± 10.65 and (10<sup>6</sup>) 177.12 ± 5.77 vs 193.04 ± 4.62 of control. This indicates that altering these parameters would be related to fertility and the PRRS virus affects the LCV. Regarding the VSL, it was observed that the sperm infected with viruses 10<sup>2</sup>, 10<sup>4</sup> and 10<sup>6</sup> of 48.00 ± 3.38, 49.88 ± 1.83 and 50.55 ± 2.24 Vs. 56.66 ± 1.68 of control respectively, the control would have greater possibilities of fertilizing the oocyte. In this study, it was found (P ≤ 0.01) in the VAP with 102 of 77.26 ± 5.16, 10<sup>4</sup> with 83.35 ± 2.41 and 10<sup>6</sup> with 81.29 ± 3.14 vs the control with 90.56 ± 2.07. Regarding the ALH there is (P < 0.05) a 10<sup>4</sup> with 8.70 ± .26 and 10<sup>6</sup> with 9.64 ± 0.23 vs control 8.50 ± 0.27. The presence of different concentrations of PRRSV in boar semen induces changes in different types of sperm motility. Infection of ejaculates with the PRRS virus affects sperm motility on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 post-infections.展开更多
The paper was to explore the effect of cryopreservation on DNA integrity and morphological structure of boar sperm, and to explore the protective effect of trehalose and lactose on frozen boar sperm. The morphology, u...The paper was to explore the effect of cryopreservation on DNA integrity and morphological structure of boar sperm, and to explore the protective effect of trehalose and lactose on frozen boar sperm. The morphology, ultrastructure and DNA integrity of sperms were observed by phase contract microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and acridine orange (AO) staining, respectively. The results showed that the normal morphological rate and DNA integrity rate of fro- zen sperms were significantly lower than that of fresh sperms (95.5% and 94.7%, respectively), and the difference between two frozen groups was also significant (P 〈 0.05 ). The normal morphological rates in trehalose group and lactose group were 74.7% and 67.6%, while DNA integrity rates in trehalose group and lactose group were 66.4% and 63.2%, respectively. The common deformations of frozen sperms under SEM were partial or complete fracture between head and neck, swollen neck_ dama=ed aemsome stnJetn~.展开更多
Sperm capacitation involves functional changes, such as the removal or appearance of specific molecules and changes in the plasma membrane;the acrosome reaction (AR) is an exocytotic event induced by calcium influx, e...Sperm capacitation involves functional changes, such as the removal or appearance of specific molecules and changes in the plasma membrane;the acrosome reaction (AR) is an exocytotic event induced by calcium influx, enabling the spermatozoa to penetrate the zona pellucida. These processes can be achieved only if the spermatozoa have good viability;indeed, determination of sperm viability is used for the assessment of semen quality. Membrane integrity and mitochondrial activity are important viability parameters of spermatozoa and fluorescent techniques based on membrane permeability to dyes have been developed to determine these parameters. The aim of this work was to determine the viability of boar sperm (fresh, one hour of capacitation induction and 20 min of AR induction) by flow cytometry using propidium iodide (PI) (1.25 μg/mL) and rhodamine 123 (R123) (0.20 μg/mL). Aliquots of 5 × 105 sperm were incubated with each fluorochrome separately and simultaneously for 10 or 20 min, respectively, at 38℃. The proportion of labeled spermatozoa and their fluorescence intensities were measured using a flow cytometer. The fluorescence index (FI) with PI gradually increased during the incubation and we found significant differences between all the groups. With R123, the FI increased in the capacitated sperm but decreased in the acrosome-reacted sperm, with significant differences between the fresh and capacitated spermatozoa. Our results suggest that the increase in the R123 fluorescence intensity in capacitated spermatozoa is due to changes in the mitochondrial membrane activity because the spermatozoa experienced changes in membrane fluidity and flagellar activation during capacitation. The use of fluorochromes and flow cytometry is a good tool for monitoring many markers of sperm function. Although capacitation and AR processes have been well studied, there is still much information to be elucidated with regard to these complex processes.展开更多
Background: Cryopreservation is currently the most efficient method for long-term preservation of mammalian gametes and is extensively used in swine artificial insemination(AI) centres. However, it is well-known that ...Background: Cryopreservation is currently the most efficient method for long-term preservation of mammalian gametes and is extensively used in swine artificial insemination(AI) centres. However, it is well-known that cryopreservation procedures induce changes in the water phase in both intra and extracellular compartments,which alter the content and localisation of several proteins and ends up curtailing the structural integrity of functional sperm(i.e., cryoinjuries). Alterations and deficiencies of sperm-oocyte binding proteins during gamete recognition are one of the causes of reproductive failure both in vitro and in vivo. In this sense, characterisation of cryopreservation effects upon oocyte-binding proteins of sperm, such as IZUMO1 and GSTM3, is essential when assessing the impact of this technique in swine reproduction.Results: Cryopreservation was found to induce changes in the localisation of IZUMO1 and GSTM3 in boar sperm.However, the relative content of both proteins was not altered after thawing. Furthermore, whereas IZUMO1 content was found not to be related to the cryotolerance of boar sperm, GSTM3 content was observed to be higher in poor(PFE) than in good(GFE) freezability ejaculates in both pre-frozen(1.00 INT·mm^2± 0.14 INT·mm^2 vs.0.72 INT·mm^2± 0.15 INT·mm^2;P < 0.05) and post-thawed(0.96 INT·mm^2± 0.20 INT·mm^2 vs. 70 INT·mm^2± 0.19 INT·mm^2;P < 0.05) samples. Moreover, GSTM3 levels were found to be higher in those spermatozoa that exhibited low mitochondrial activity, high reactive oxygen species(ROS) production, and high membrane lipid disorder postthaw(P < 0.05).Conclusions: The difference in GSTM3 content between GFE and PFE, together with this protein having been found to be related to poor sperm quality post-thaw, suggests that it could be used as a cryotolerance marker of boar spermatozoa. Furthermore, both IZUMO1 and GSTM3 relocate during cryopreservation, which could contribute to the reduced fertilising capacity of frozen-thawed boar sperm.展开更多
Objective:To determine the prevalence of bacteriospermia,the bacterial load,and the potential factors associated with bacterial contamination in boar semen collected by local smallholder artificial insemination operat...Objective:To determine the prevalence of bacteriospermia,the bacterial load,and the potential factors associated with bacterial contamination in boar semen collected by local smallholder artificial insemination operators.Methods:Fifteen individual raw semen samples were collected from locally available artificial insemination boars owned by different smallholder boar operators within the 5th district of Leyte,Philippines and were subjected to standard bacteriological culture and identification,including a survey of potentially associated factors.Prevalence and bacterial count were determined accordingly,while boar characteristics and collection practices were clustered following agglomerative hierarchical clustering technique.Results:One hundred percent contamination with a bacterial count of(2.01±0.38)×10^(3) CFU/mL was observed.At least 73.33%of the samples were positive for Bacillus spp.,while other identified isolates included Enterobacter spp.,Staphylococcus spp.,E.coli,Pseudomonas spp.,Citrobacter spp.,and Klebsiella spp.Conclusions:Despite the high prevalence of bacteriospermia,the bacterial count is low.Nevertheless,on-farm practices on boar health and management,semen collection,and sanitation as well as the enhancement of basic protocols to control contamination should be conscientiously considered in smallholder artificial insemination operation.展开更多
This study evaluated the relationship between serum L-carnitine level and sperm parameters in young boars. Serum L-carnitine and semen characteristics were determined for 61 young Duroc boars between the ages of 590 a...This study evaluated the relationship between serum L-carnitine level and sperm parameters in young boars. Serum L-carnitine and semen characteristics were determined for 61 young Duroc boars between the ages of 590 and 630 days. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to predict total and progressive motility and the total number of spermatozoa based on serum total L-carnitine and free L-carnitine levels. Total number of spermatozoa was not associated with basal serum L-carnitine levels. A regression equation was found in which both total L-carnitine levels and free L-carnitine levels were significant predictors of total and progressive motility (P 0.05). These results suggest that serum L-carnitine level is an important selection parameter for stock boars.展开更多
Research findings for supplementing boar stud diets with fish oils are inconsistent. This study was designed to address three possible causes of performance variation of boars to fish oil supplementation: stability of...Research findings for supplementing boar stud diets with fish oils are inconsistent. This study was designed to address three possible causes of performance variation of boars to fish oil supplementation: stability of the fatty acid source, level of inclusion and breed of boars tested. Three groups of 87 boars each, from two genetic lines (PIC 337 and PIC 800), were assigned to treatment based on age, mean sperm production (previous 12 weeks), and body condition score. All boars received a corn-soybean meal diet with a commercial fish oil supplement providing 1.83</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g/boar/day of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as a preconditioning diet. On 10-Aug., 2020, the DHA source was changed to a stabilized starch imbedded source of refined fish oil (Salmate®), providing 1.83</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g/b/d for </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">test diet. Two additional levels providing 2.38 and 2.94</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g/b/d of DHA were fed for a 9 week pretreatment period and during the test period. Salmate® fed at 2.38</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g/b/d of DHA resulted in a reduction in the number of rejected ejaculates (P</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.045) by 7.5% and 6.4% compared to the lowest and highest inclusion rates, respectively. There w</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ere</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> no treatment</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> by genetic line interactions. A retrospective study of semen production and quality of 77 boars on the Salmate® diet containing 1.83</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g/b/d DHA was done to compare to the original source of DHA at the same inclusion level. There were no differences in semen quality parameters between the 2 lipid sources. Ejaculate volume increased from 177.9 ml to 233.4 ml (P</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.001) and total sperm cells per ejaculate increased from 69.7 </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">×</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 10<sup></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">9</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></sup> to 82.0 </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">×</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 10<sup></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">9</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></sup> (P</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.001) due to substitution of Salmate®. Adding Salmate® at 2.38 g/b/d resulted in a lower number of rejected ejaculates per boar by 7.5% and 6.4% vs. 1.83 and 2.94 g/b/d, respectively, and boars fed Salmate® at 1.83 g/b/d produced 17% more doses than the competing product.展开更多
Background:Aquaporins(AQPs)are a family of transmembrane water channels that includes orthodox AQPs,aquaglyceroporins(GLPs)and super AQPs.AQP3,AQP7,AQP9 and AQP11 have been identified in boar sperm,and they are crucia...Background:Aquaporins(AQPs)are a family of transmembrane water channels that includes orthodox AQPs,aquaglyceroporins(GLPs)and super AQPs.AQP3,AQP7,AQP9 and AQP11 have been identified in boar sperm,and they are crucial for sperm maturation and osmoregulation.Water exchange is an important event in cryopreservation,which is the most efficient method for long-term storage of sperm.However,the freezethaw process leads to sperm damage and a loss of fertilizing potential.Assuming that the quality of frozenthawed sperm partially depends on the regulation of osmolality variations during this process,AQPs might play a crucial role in boar semen freezability.In this context,the aim of this study was to unravel the functional relevance of the different groups of AQPs for boar sperm cryotolerance through three different inhibitors.Results:Inhibition of different groups of AQPs was found to have different effects on boar sperm cryotolerance.Whereas the use of 1,3-propanediol(PDO),an inhibitor of orthodox AQPs and GLPs,decreased total motility(P<0.05),it increased post-thaw sperm viability,lowered membrane lipid disorder and increased mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP)(P<0.05).When acetazolamide(AC)was used as an inhibitor of orthodox AQPs,the effects on post-thaw sperm quality were restricted to a mild increase in MMP in the presence of the intermediate concentration at 30 min post-thaw and an increase in superoxide levels(P<0.05).Finally,the addition of phloretin(PHL),a GLP inhibitor,had detrimental effects on post-thaw total and progressive sperm motilities,viability and lipid membrane disorder(P<0.05).Conclusions:The effects of the different inhibitors suggest that GLPs rather than orthodox AQPs are relevant for boar sperm freezability.Moreover,the positive effect of PDO on sperm quality suggests a cryoprotective role for this molecule.展开更多
文摘The purpose of the study was to evaluate the sperm viability of semen infected with PRRSV viral particles, observing the effect of the Virus on the motility of boar sperm. The work was carried out at the FMVZ-BUAP Genetics and Reproduction Laboratory. 5 stallions were used. Each sample contained 1 × 10<sup>6</sup> sperm, the PRRS virus strain was ATCC-VR-2332 (0, 10<sup>2</sup>, 10<sup>4</sup> and 10<sup>6</sup> copies of RNA/mL in triplicate), it was observed daily at the CASA;Hamilton Thorne<sup>®</sup>. Cells with MT (P < 0.05) on days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 of evaluation with 201 ± 7.3, 167 ± 10.1, 165 ± 14.6, 134 ± 8.2 and 120 ± 8.8, respectively. The % MP between control and virus concentrations (P ≥ 0.05). The LCV on day 1 and 7 PI at 10X<sup>2</sup> and 10X<sup>6</sup> (P < 0.05) vs control. In the Correlation Matrix, where it is observed that there is a correlation between VSL and VAP, VSL and VCL, VCL and ALH, VAP with ALH. There is a correlation of VSL and ALH, STR and ALH. In this study there were (P ≤ 0.01) in the VCL, in the concentrations (10<sup>2</sup>) 162.81 ± 10.65 and (10<sup>6</sup>) 177.12 ± 5.77 vs 193.04 ± 4.62 of control. This indicates that altering these parameters would be related to fertility and the PRRS virus affects the LCV. Regarding the VSL, it was observed that the sperm infected with viruses 10<sup>2</sup>, 10<sup>4</sup> and 10<sup>6</sup> of 48.00 ± 3.38, 49.88 ± 1.83 and 50.55 ± 2.24 Vs. 56.66 ± 1.68 of control respectively, the control would have greater possibilities of fertilizing the oocyte. In this study, it was found (P ≤ 0.01) in the VAP with 102 of 77.26 ± 5.16, 10<sup>4</sup> with 83.35 ± 2.41 and 10<sup>6</sup> with 81.29 ± 3.14 vs the control with 90.56 ± 2.07. Regarding the ALH there is (P < 0.05) a 10<sup>4</sup> with 8.70 ± .26 and 10<sup>6</sup> with 9.64 ± 0.23 vs control 8.50 ± 0.27. The presence of different concentrations of PRRSV in boar semen induces changes in different types of sperm motility. Infection of ejaculates with the PRRS virus affects sperm motility on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 post-infections.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK2008589)
文摘The paper was to explore the effect of cryopreservation on DNA integrity and morphological structure of boar sperm, and to explore the protective effect of trehalose and lactose on frozen boar sperm. The morphology, ultrastructure and DNA integrity of sperms were observed by phase contract microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and acridine orange (AO) staining, respectively. The results showed that the normal morphological rate and DNA integrity rate of fro- zen sperms were significantly lower than that of fresh sperms (95.5% and 94.7%, respectively), and the difference between two frozen groups was also significant (P 〈 0.05 ). The normal morphological rates in trehalose group and lactose group were 74.7% and 67.6%, while DNA integrity rates in trehalose group and lactose group were 66.4% and 63.2%, respectively. The common deformations of frozen sperms under SEM were partial or complete fracture between head and neck, swollen neck_ dama=ed aemsome stnJetn~.
基金partially supported by the CONACYT(Mexico)grant 0105961/10110/194/09.
文摘Sperm capacitation involves functional changes, such as the removal or appearance of specific molecules and changes in the plasma membrane;the acrosome reaction (AR) is an exocytotic event induced by calcium influx, enabling the spermatozoa to penetrate the zona pellucida. These processes can be achieved only if the spermatozoa have good viability;indeed, determination of sperm viability is used for the assessment of semen quality. Membrane integrity and mitochondrial activity are important viability parameters of spermatozoa and fluorescent techniques based on membrane permeability to dyes have been developed to determine these parameters. The aim of this work was to determine the viability of boar sperm (fresh, one hour of capacitation induction and 20 min of AR induction) by flow cytometry using propidium iodide (PI) (1.25 μg/mL) and rhodamine 123 (R123) (0.20 μg/mL). Aliquots of 5 × 105 sperm were incubated with each fluorochrome separately and simultaneously for 10 or 20 min, respectively, at 38℃. The proportion of labeled spermatozoa and their fluorescence intensities were measured using a flow cytometer. The fluorescence index (FI) with PI gradually increased during the incubation and we found significant differences between all the groups. With R123, the FI increased in the capacitated sperm but decreased in the acrosome-reacted sperm, with significant differences between the fresh and capacitated spermatozoa. Our results suggest that the increase in the R123 fluorescence intensity in capacitated spermatozoa is due to changes in the mitochondrial membrane activity because the spermatozoa experienced changes in membrane fluidity and flagellar activation during capacitation. The use of fluorochromes and flow cytometry is a good tool for monitoring many markers of sperm function. Although capacitation and AR processes have been well studied, there is still much information to be elucidated with regard to these complex processes.
基金support from Ministry of Science,Innovation and Universities,Spain(Grants:RYC-2014-15581,AGL2017–88329-R and FJCI-2017-31689)European Commission(H2020-MSCA-IF-79212)
文摘Background: Cryopreservation is currently the most efficient method for long-term preservation of mammalian gametes and is extensively used in swine artificial insemination(AI) centres. However, it is well-known that cryopreservation procedures induce changes in the water phase in both intra and extracellular compartments,which alter the content and localisation of several proteins and ends up curtailing the structural integrity of functional sperm(i.e., cryoinjuries). Alterations and deficiencies of sperm-oocyte binding proteins during gamete recognition are one of the causes of reproductive failure both in vitro and in vivo. In this sense, characterisation of cryopreservation effects upon oocyte-binding proteins of sperm, such as IZUMO1 and GSTM3, is essential when assessing the impact of this technique in swine reproduction.Results: Cryopreservation was found to induce changes in the localisation of IZUMO1 and GSTM3 in boar sperm.However, the relative content of both proteins was not altered after thawing. Furthermore, whereas IZUMO1 content was found not to be related to the cryotolerance of boar sperm, GSTM3 content was observed to be higher in poor(PFE) than in good(GFE) freezability ejaculates in both pre-frozen(1.00 INT·mm^2± 0.14 INT·mm^2 vs.0.72 INT·mm^2± 0.15 INT·mm^2;P < 0.05) and post-thawed(0.96 INT·mm^2± 0.20 INT·mm^2 vs. 70 INT·mm^2± 0.19 INT·mm^2;P < 0.05) samples. Moreover, GSTM3 levels were found to be higher in those spermatozoa that exhibited low mitochondrial activity, high reactive oxygen species(ROS) production, and high membrane lipid disorder postthaw(P < 0.05).Conclusions: The difference in GSTM3 content between GFE and PFE, together with this protein having been found to be related to poor sperm quality post-thaw, suggests that it could be used as a cryotolerance marker of boar spermatozoa. Furthermore, both IZUMO1 and GSTM3 relocate during cryopreservation, which could contribute to the reduced fertilising capacity of frozen-thawed boar sperm.
基金funded by the DOST-Philippine Council for Agriculture,Aquatic and Natural Resources Research and Development(PCAARRD)through the Visayas State University(Project Code:20201050-1.93)。
文摘Objective:To determine the prevalence of bacteriospermia,the bacterial load,and the potential factors associated with bacterial contamination in boar semen collected by local smallholder artificial insemination operators.Methods:Fifteen individual raw semen samples were collected from locally available artificial insemination boars owned by different smallholder boar operators within the 5th district of Leyte,Philippines and were subjected to standard bacteriological culture and identification,including a survey of potentially associated factors.Prevalence and bacterial count were determined accordingly,while boar characteristics and collection practices were clustered following agglomerative hierarchical clustering technique.Results:One hundred percent contamination with a bacterial count of(2.01±0.38)×10^(3) CFU/mL was observed.At least 73.33%of the samples were positive for Bacillus spp.,while other identified isolates included Enterobacter spp.,Staphylococcus spp.,E.coli,Pseudomonas spp.,Citrobacter spp.,and Klebsiella spp.Conclusions:Despite the high prevalence of bacteriospermia,the bacterial count is low.Nevertheless,on-farm practices on boar health and management,semen collection,and sanitation as well as the enhancement of basic protocols to control contamination should be conscientiously considered in smallholder artificial insemination operation.
文摘This study evaluated the relationship between serum L-carnitine level and sperm parameters in young boars. Serum L-carnitine and semen characteristics were determined for 61 young Duroc boars between the ages of 590 and 630 days. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to predict total and progressive motility and the total number of spermatozoa based on serum total L-carnitine and free L-carnitine levels. Total number of spermatozoa was not associated with basal serum L-carnitine levels. A regression equation was found in which both total L-carnitine levels and free L-carnitine levels were significant predictors of total and progressive motility (P 0.05). These results suggest that serum L-carnitine level is an important selection parameter for stock boars.
文摘Research findings for supplementing boar stud diets with fish oils are inconsistent. This study was designed to address three possible causes of performance variation of boars to fish oil supplementation: stability of the fatty acid source, level of inclusion and breed of boars tested. Three groups of 87 boars each, from two genetic lines (PIC 337 and PIC 800), were assigned to treatment based on age, mean sperm production (previous 12 weeks), and body condition score. All boars received a corn-soybean meal diet with a commercial fish oil supplement providing 1.83</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g/boar/day of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as a preconditioning diet. On 10-Aug., 2020, the DHA source was changed to a stabilized starch imbedded source of refined fish oil (Salmate®), providing 1.83</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g/b/d for </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">test diet. Two additional levels providing 2.38 and 2.94</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g/b/d of DHA were fed for a 9 week pretreatment period and during the test period. Salmate® fed at 2.38</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g/b/d of DHA resulted in a reduction in the number of rejected ejaculates (P</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.045) by 7.5% and 6.4% compared to the lowest and highest inclusion rates, respectively. There w</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ere</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> no treatment</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> by genetic line interactions. A retrospective study of semen production and quality of 77 boars on the Salmate® diet containing 1.83</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g/b/d DHA was done to compare to the original source of DHA at the same inclusion level. There were no differences in semen quality parameters between the 2 lipid sources. Ejaculate volume increased from 177.9 ml to 233.4 ml (P</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.001) and total sperm cells per ejaculate increased from 69.7 </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">×</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 10<sup></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">9</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></sup> to 82.0 </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">×</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 10<sup></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">9</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></sup> (P</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.001) due to substitution of Salmate®. Adding Salmate® at 2.38 g/b/d resulted in a lower number of rejected ejaculates per boar by 7.5% and 6.4% vs. 1.83 and 2.94 g/b/d, respectively, and boars fed Salmate® at 1.83 g/b/d produced 17% more doses than the competing product.
基金the European Commission(H2020-MSCA-IF-79212)the Ministry of Science,Innovation and Universities,Spain(Grants:RYC-2014-15581,AGL2016–81890-REDT,AGL2017–88329-R and FJCI-2017-31689)the Regional Government of Catalonia,Spain(2017-SGR-1229).
文摘Background:Aquaporins(AQPs)are a family of transmembrane water channels that includes orthodox AQPs,aquaglyceroporins(GLPs)and super AQPs.AQP3,AQP7,AQP9 and AQP11 have been identified in boar sperm,and they are crucial for sperm maturation and osmoregulation.Water exchange is an important event in cryopreservation,which is the most efficient method for long-term storage of sperm.However,the freezethaw process leads to sperm damage and a loss of fertilizing potential.Assuming that the quality of frozenthawed sperm partially depends on the regulation of osmolality variations during this process,AQPs might play a crucial role in boar semen freezability.In this context,the aim of this study was to unravel the functional relevance of the different groups of AQPs for boar sperm cryotolerance through three different inhibitors.Results:Inhibition of different groups of AQPs was found to have different effects on boar sperm cryotolerance.Whereas the use of 1,3-propanediol(PDO),an inhibitor of orthodox AQPs and GLPs,decreased total motility(P<0.05),it increased post-thaw sperm viability,lowered membrane lipid disorder and increased mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP)(P<0.05).When acetazolamide(AC)was used as an inhibitor of orthodox AQPs,the effects on post-thaw sperm quality were restricted to a mild increase in MMP in the presence of the intermediate concentration at 30 min post-thaw and an increase in superoxide levels(P<0.05).Finally,the addition of phloretin(PHL),a GLP inhibitor,had detrimental effects on post-thaw total and progressive sperm motilities,viability and lipid membrane disorder(P<0.05).Conclusions:The effects of the different inhibitors suggest that GLPs rather than orthodox AQPs are relevant for boar sperm freezability.Moreover,the positive effect of PDO on sperm quality suggests a cryoprotective role for this molecule.