Effects of constant light and dark conditions on the locomotor activity,body mass,and body temperature rhythms of Eurasian Tree Sparrows(Passer montanus)

Light is an essential environmental cue influencing the endogenous circadian clocks that regulate behavioral and physiological processes in animals.Despite extensive research on the circadian rhythms of avian behavior and physiology,the mechanisms by which they adapt and adjust to abnormal photoperiod conditions,such as artificial light,have yet to be fully elucidated.Here,the circadian rhythms of the body mass,activity,and core and peripheral body temperatures of the Eurasian Tree Sparrow(Passer montanus,ETS)-a diurnal passerine-were examined under three different lighting conditions:constant light(LL),constant darkness(DD),and normal light-dark cycles(LD).Our results showed that the activity,body mass,core,tarsometatarsus,and eye temperatures of the ETSs varied significantly with treatment,time,and the interaction between treatment and time;however,there was no significant change in body mass in response to the interaction between time and treatment.Under LD conditions,the ETSs exhibited significant circadian rhythms in activity and core,tarsometatarsus,and eye temperatures.Under LL conditions,only the core temperature exhibited significant rhythmicity.Under DD conditions,there were no significant circadian rhythms in activity,body mass,and eye temperature;however,the core and tarsometatarsus temperatures remained rhythmic.Our results indicate that the core body temperature rhythm of ETS is endogenous and can be maintained under abnormal photoperiods.In contrast,the activity and body surface temperature,uncoupled from the core body temperature under abnormal photoperiod conditions,strongly depend on light.These results differ from those of other diurnal avian species,suggesting a unique coping mechanism of ETS in response to an abnormal photoperiod.

Prediction of thermal environment via revision of PMV index with body temperature

PMV(Predicted Mean Vote) is a widely used index for evaluating the thermal environment.However,few studies have been conducted to take physiological values directly as evaluating indices.This paper assumes a linear relation between body temperature and both sweating rate and heat produced by shivering,and introduces the linear relation into the human heat balance equation to revise the classic PMV.And the assumption of linear relation is subsequently proved.The revised PMV possesses the same characteristic of dependent heat load as that of the classic one,and moreover it is convenient to be calculated.

A Specific Pattern in the Basal Body Temperature Chart during the First Week of Pregnancy May Warn of a Miscarriage Crisis

We studied the efficiency of acupuncture for patients who were unable to give birth though they had experienced conventional infertility treatment for more than 2 years by medical specialists. We then investigated characteristics of difficult pregnancy cases with measurement of body temperature and observation of basal body temperature (BBT) charts. Thirty-three patients had acupuncture every week for more than 2 years and 17 of them delivered. At the same time, their cutaneous body temperature was measured at five locations. Moreover, patients and acupuncturists had a weekly discussion of the patient’s BBT chart. The delivery group showed more balanced and higher cutaneous body temperatures than the miscarriage and no pregnancy groups. The delivery group showed a smooth increase in the BBT chart while the miscarriage group showed a specific pattern in shifting temperatures from low to high zones. Acupuncture might suppress excess sympathetic dominance, which induced hyperthermia as well as interruption of pregnancy. Additionally, weekly discussion and medical advice could help patients. However, further study of males, healthy women, or larger, comparative studies exploring the social and cultural background of other countries were needed to add support to these factors.

Influence of olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation on body temperature of patients with old spinal cord injury

BACKGROUND： Olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation may transiently raise body temperature in some patients with old spinal cord injury. OBJECTIVE： To analyze the influence of olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation on body temperature changes and neurological functional recovery in patients with old spinal cord injury. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A non-randomized self-controlled study, which was performed in the wards of the Department of Surgery, Taian Disabled Soldier＇s Hospital of Shandong Province, between June 2004 and July 2007. PARTICIPANTS： 119 inpatients with old spinal cord injury were selected for this study, including 110 males and 9 females, aged 5-58 years. METHODS： The olfactory bulb of an aborted fetus was digested into a single-cell suspension of olfactory ensheathing cells, which were then cultured and purified for 7-10 days, and once again made into a single-cell suspension. The olfactory ensheathing cell suspension was then transplanted in the juncture of the normal spinal cord and the abnormal spinal cord under surgical microscopy, with 1 × 10^6 cells per target point, with 2-5 target points in total. According to changes in postoperative temperature, 119 patients were divided into three groups： body temperature （T） ≤ 38.0 ℃ （n = 40）, 38.0 ℃ 〈 T ≤ 39.0 ℃ （n = 67）, T 〉 39.0℃ （n = 12）. In particular, T 〉 38℃ （n = 79） patients were divided into two subgroups according to duration of fever： ≤3 days （n = 61） and ≥ 4 days （n = 18）. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Neurological function was evaluated by the American Spinal Cord Injury （ASIA） scale set by American Spinal Cord Injury Academy in 2000 one day prior to transplantation and one or two months after transplantation. RESULTS： 119 patients were included in the final analysis, without any loss. Following olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation, body temperatures changed as follows： T ≤ 38.0 ℃ （n = 40, 33.6%）, 38.0 ℃ 〈 T ≤ 39.0 ℃ （n = 67, 56.3%）, 〉 39.0 ℃ （n = 12, 10.1%）. Moreover, among 79 patients （T 〉 38 ℃）, the febrile time of 61 cases （77%） was ≤ 3 days, and that of 18 cases （23%） ≥ 4 days. ASIA scores increased after olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation （P 〈 0.05-0.01）. CONCLUSION： Moderate febricity frequently occurred in patients that received olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation, and febrile time lasted for more than 3 days. Additionally, olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation can remarkably improve neurological functional recovery.

Effect of successive irrigation of subarachnoid cavity on body temperature and cerebrospinal fluid-related index in suppurative meningitis model dogs

BACKGROUND： At present, suppurative meningitis is mainly treated through anti-infection with antibiotics, depressing encephalic pressure with mannitol , lowering body temperature with drugs , supporting treatment, etc. However, Jt takes a long course of treatment and has poor therapeutic effect. Successive irrigation of subarachnoid cavity maybe have better effect on suppurative meningitis.OBJECTIVE： We compared the successive irrigation of subbarachnoid cavity with routine therapeutic methods to observe the effect of successive irrigation of subarachnoid cavity on the body temperature, cerebrospinal fluid pressure, the number of white blood cell and the level of protein of suppurative meningitis dogs. DESIGN： A randomized and controlled animal experiment SETTING： Institute of Neuroscience, Taihe Hospital Affiliated to Yunyang Medical College MATERIALS： Totally 17 healthy adult male Beagle dogs, of common grade, weighing 9 to 10 kg, were involved in the experiment, and raised in the 20 ℃ temperature with relative humidity of 50% for 1 week. They were randomized into 3 groups： normal group （n=5）, control group （n=5） and irrigation group （n=6）. Artificial cerebrospinal fluid was prepared according to the level of glucose and chloride of cerebrospinal fluid of normal dogs, and then it was sterilized with high pressure. METHODS ： This experiment was carried out in the experimental animal center of Yunyang Medical College from April to August 2001. ① After the dogs were anesthetized,1 mL fresh staphylococcus aureus liquid [（1.5-1.6）× 10^9 L 1] was injected into medullary cistern to establish suppurative meningitis models. ② After models were successfully established, intravenous drip infusion of 1.2 ×10^6 U/（kg.d）, muscular injection of sulfadiazine sodium of 100 mg/（kg.d ）and intravenous injection of 200 g/L mannitol of 5 g/（kg .time） for 3 times a day were performed in the control group. The irrigation of subarachnoid meningitis was conducted in the irrigation group besides the routine treatments in the control group： Artificial cerebrospinal fluid was successively injected into the epidural catheter in the waist part. The mixtures of artificial cerebrospinal fluid and inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid flowed out incessantly from epidural catheter of medullary cistern. Irrigation was ended 48 hours later. Dogs were routinely raised in the control group. ③ From the first day after being modeled to the 14^th day after treatment, the rectal temperatures were daily measured in the morning, at noon and in the evening respectively, then the mean temperatures were calculated. From the 2^nd day after being modeled to the 14^th day after treatment, puncture at waist was given once, and the cerebrospinal fluid pressure, the number of white blood cells and the level of protein were measured. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES ： The body temperature, cerebrospinal fluid pressure, the number of white blood cells and the level of protein were measured on suppurative meningitis model dogs. RESULTS＂ Totally 17 Beagle dogs were involved in this study.①The body temperatures of dogs were significantly reduced in the control group and in irrigation group on the 1^st day after treatment and lower than suppurative meningitis model dogs on the 2^nd day after being modeled （P 〈 0.05）. The body temperatures were gradually decreased in control group from the 2^nd day after being modeled to the 14^th day after treatment （P 〈 0.01）, but were significantly higher than those of dogs in normal group on the 14^th day after treatment （P 〈 0.05）. The body temperatures of dogs were gradually decreased in irrigation group on the 2^nd day or 3^rd day after treatment （P 〈 0.01） and then were close to the normal body temperature on the 14^th day after treatment. ②There was the same cerebrospinal fluid pressure in control group as in irrigation group on the 2^nd day after being modeled （P 〉 0.05）, but significantly decreased in two groups from the 1s＇ day or 2^nd day after treatment （P 〈 0.01）, and cerebrospinal fluid pressure was close to the normal level in irrigation group. Although the cerebrospinal fluid pressure raised a little on the 3^rd day or 4^th day after treatment in the irrigation group （P〈 0.05）, but recovered to the normal level on the 9^th day after treatment again. It decreased slowly in the control group and still was sig- nificantly higher than normal group on the 14^hd day after treatment （P〈 0.01 ）. ③No significant difference existed in number of white blood cell and the level of protein between control group and irrigation group on the 2^nd day following modeled. Both of them began to significantly decrease on the 1^st and 2^nd day after treatment （P 〈 0.01 ）. Although the number of white blood cell and the level of protein rebounded a little in irrigation group 3 or 4 days after treatment （P〈 0.05）, they were gradually decreased and recovered to normal levels on the 13^th day after treatment. The number of white blood cell and the level of protein slowly decreased in the control group compared with irrigation group and were still significantly higher than normal group on the 14^th day （P〈 0.01 ）. EONELUSEON ： Irrigation of subarachnoid cavity can decrease the body temperature, cerebrospinal fluid pressure, the number of white blood cells and the level of protein at early stage of suppurative meningitis, and the therapeutic effect is better than that of routine treatment.

Research progress in core body temperature measurement during target temperature management

Core body temperature(CBT)is increasingly attracting attention as crucial data during target temperature management(TTM).Accurate and continuous measurement of human CBT can effectively identify and monitor central high fever,and provide a basis for the effective implementation during TTM,which is therefore of great significance for human health care and disease monitoring.The reliable core measurement sites are nasopharynx,esophagus,bladder,rectum,pulmonary artery,etc.,but the measurement methods in these sites are all invasive.At present,the medical field is more inclined to noninvasive data collection methods through monitoring an appropriate site(such as forehead,mouth,or axilla)depending on clinical circumstances,so as to ensure the comfort and security of patients to the greatest extent.This review will provide reference choosing more safe and accurate temperature measurement methods for patients during TTM by reviewing the sites and accuracy of invasive and noninvasive CBT measurements.

Sufficiently Elevated Core Body Temperature May Be Necessary to Maintain Cerebral Blood Flow Response throughout the Morning

In comparison to a carbohydrate-rich breakfast, a nutritionally balanced breakfast reportedly leads to a higher core body temperature because of diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) and also results in higher task performance. This study aimed to examine the relationships among the core body temperature, blood glucose level, cerebral blood flow, and cognitive performance when the core body temperature is raised to a similar extent as in DIT in the morning. This crossover study included 18 male participants who performed four sets of cognitive tests in the morning with four different foot baths and glucose intake conditions. In elevated body temperature (EBT) conditions, the core body temperature was increased by a foot bath at 42˚C or 39˚C, while in low body temperature (LBT) conditions, it was maintained at 35˚C by a foot bath;the participants received no glucose or two intakes of 20-g glucose for each thermal condition. In addition to the core body temperature measurement, the cerebral blood flow in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was measured using near-infrared spectroscopy. Three blood collections were performed to measure the changes in blood glucose levels. The results revealed that in the EBT conditions, the core body temperature remained 0.3˚C - 0.5˚C higher than that at wake-up time, while the glucose intake conditions increased blood glucose levels which remained higher than those during fasting. No significant between-treatment difference was observed in the results of cognitive tests. However, the blood flow in the DLPFC increased during the second test period in the EBT/glucose and LBT/glucose conditions, whereas during the fourth test period, it increased solely in the EBT/glucose condition. Thus, in addition to the blood glucose level, an elevated core body temperature within the physiological range may be needed for long-term maintenance of the cerebral blood flow response.

Investigation on the Application Value of Infrared Forehead Temperature Gun in Body Temperature Screening of New Crown Epidemic

The outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia has had a great impact on the life safety of our people and social production activities.Therefore,it is very important and meaningful to analyze the application value of infrared forehead thermometers in body temperature screening under the new crown pneumonia epidemic and propose improved measures for body temperature detection.This paper summarizes the questionnaire on the application value of infrared forehead thermometer in body temperature screening and the results of staff interviews,and analyzes the principle of infrared forehead thermometer temperature measurement to explain the factors that affect the accuracy of temperature measurement results.Finally,it is concluded that the reflected radiation of the environment and the temperature measurement distance affect the accuracy of the temperature measurement results of the infrared forehead gun.

STUDY AND APPLICATION ABOUT COMPUTED SYSTEM FOR EXTERNAL CARDIAC MASSAGE, MONITOR OF HEART AND BODY TEMPERATURE

Objective:To make and study computed system for external cardiac massage,monitor of heart and body temperature and observe its clinical effect.Method:The system was made and applied.Result:The effect of system was obvious.Conclusion: The system was an effective clinical equipment in treatment of patient with cardiac arrest.

Effect of the tumescent infiltration solution temperature on body temperature

Objective To evaluate the effect of tumescent infiltration solution temperature on core body temperatureafter liposuction.Methods 15 healthy female subjects were randomly divided into 2 groups to receive tumescent infiltration

Effect of Milk Processed Arnebiae Radix on Body Temperature of Fever Rats

[Objectives]To investigate the synergistic effect of Arnebiae Radix after processing.[Methods]The effects of raw Arnebiae Radix and milk processed Arnebiae Radix on hypothermia in yeast-induced febrile rats were compared.[Results]The processed and unprocessed Arnebiae Radix at high,medium and low doses all had a certain effect on inhibiting the rise of body temperature in rats.The high dose unprocessed group,the medium dose processed group and the high dose processed group had the best inhibitory effect on body temperature,the low dose processed group could delay the fever time,and the low dose unprocessed group had poor inhibitory effect on fever.[Conclusions]The prepared Arnebiae Radix has enhanced drug effect,and milk processed Arnebiae Radix can be used to replace common Arnebiae Radix to reduce the dosage of Arnebiae Radix and save Arnebiae Radix resources.

Body temperature control in patients with refractory septic shock： too much may be harmful

Background The lowering of body temperature is a common, almost reflexive step in the daily care of septic shock patient. However, the effect of different magnitudes of fever control on the outcome of refractory septic patients with a very poor outcome is controversial and has yet to be explored. Methods This prospective trial examined sixty-five refractory septic shock patients with a core temperature higher than 38.5℃. Patients were randomly assigned to a group achieving a ＂low temperature＂ range （LT group： 36.0-37.5 ℃） or to a group achieving a ＂high temperature＂ range （HT group： 37.5-38.3 ℃） by physical methods including a water-flow cooling blanket and ice packs. A target core temperature was achieved in 1-2 hours post-treatment, and maintained for 72 hours. Averaged values of core temperature as well as hemodynamic, respiratory, and laboratory variables were analyzed at baseline and during the first 72 hours after fever control. Results Thirty-four （52.31%） patients were assigned to the LT group and thirty-one （47.69%） patients were assigned to the HT group. The mean core temperature was significantly lower in the LT group than in the HT group （36.61 vs. 37.85 ℃, respectively; P 〈 0.0001）. The average heart rate （HR） （75.5 vs. 91.9 beats/min, respectively; P 〈 0.0001） and the mean cardiac output （CO） （5.35 vs. 6.45 L/min, respectively; P = 0.002） were also statistically significant lower in the LT group than in the HT group. The averaged serum lactate level was significantly higher in the LT group compared to the HT group （5.59 vs. 2.82 mmol/L, respectively; P=0.008）. Fibrinogen and activated partial thromboplatin time were also different between the two groups. The 28 days mortality was significantly higher in the LT group than in the HT group （61.8 vs. 25.8%, respectively; P=0.003）. A Cox-regression model analysis showed that mean core temperature during the 72 h period was an independent predictor of 28 days mortality （odds ratio （OR） = 0.42, 95%C/0.25, 0.6; P=0.001）. Conclusion Controlling fever to a lower range （36.0-37.5 ℃） may be harmful to patients with refractory septic shock by worsening tissue perfusion, compared to controlling it within a higher range （37.5-38.3 ℃）. An understanding of the mechanisms responsible for these observations requires further investigation.

First order dynamics approaching of broiler chicken deep body temperature response to step changes in ambient temperature

Traditional environmental control methods for poultry housing which rely solely on environmental factors fall short in meeting thermal and physiological needs of the animals.New methods are needed that factor in the physiological needs and responses of the animals in order to maximize well-being of the animals and minimize heat stress.Deep body temperature(DBT)has been shown in the literature to be a strong indicator of heat stress,therefore studies are needed that help us gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between this variable and environmental conditions.The aim of this study was to identify the order of the dynamic response of poultry DBT to large step changes in ambient temperature(AT).Temperature steps had to be big enough to take the chickens out of their homeothermic zone.A total of 46 DBT/AT data sets with 23 upward AT steps and 23 downward AT steps were obtained using a biotelemetry system,and involving three chickens.DBT responses of individual chickens to step changes in AT were found to have a 0.88 average Pearson correlation suggesting consistency in chickens’responses to the same stimuli(p<0.0005).The data indicated that DBT responses to AT followed a first order behavior in most cases with an average time constant of 1.6 h,and the curve fitting method was used to validate this observation.There was a 0.88 average correlation between DBT model and measured data(p<0.0005).These results indicate statistical significance in the data used and the model derived from it.In conclusion,it is reasonable to assume that the dynamic response of poultry DBT to large step changes in ambient temperature follows a first order model.Although further studies are needed to more fully derive the model,this study provided a stepping-stone towards gaining a better understanding of the relationship between DBT and AT,therefore taking us one step closer towards making optimal management and risk assessment decisions that are based on physiological needs of the chickens.

Study on body temperature detection of pig based on infrared technology: A review

Body temperature is an important physiological indicator in the whole process of pig breeding.Temperature measurement is also an effective means to assist in disease diagnosis and pig health monitoring.In the conventional method of measuring body temperature,a mercury column is used to obtain the rectal temperature.The operation of thismethod is complicated and requires a large amount of labor.This kind of temperature measurement method is contact and canmake the pig stressed,which is disadvantageous for the healthy growth of pigs.Therefore,rectal temperaturemeasurement no longer meets the needs of the large-scale pig industry in China's welfare agriculture.In recent years,the emerging pig body temperature detection technologies are electronic temperaturemeasurement technology,infrared temperature measurement technology and so on.Infrared temperature measurement technology has been the main means of measuring the temperature of pig body surface with its advantages of non-contact,long distance and real-time.At present,infrared temperature measurement technology and infrared image processing technology used in pig breeding are still in the exploration stage.Nowadays,the infrared temperature measurement equipment based on point-by-point analysis represented by infrared thermometer and temperature measurement equipment based on full-field analysis represented by infrared thermal imager have been applied to pig breeding industry.These types of temperaturemeasurement are more in line with the needs of the pig breeding industry to transform and upgrade to the automation,in line with the development concept of welfare farming and smart agriculture,and its development prospects are very impressive.

Application of Equivalent Black Body Temperature in the Forecast of Tropical Cyclone Intensity

Using equivalent black body temperature （TBB） data retrieved from meteorological satellite GMS-5 during 1996-2002, the correlation between the circular symmetric/asymmetric component of TBB and the intensity of tropical cyclone （TC） at various time lags from 0 to 48 h is analyzed for the Northwest Pacific （0^-50~N, 120%155~E）, excluding landed and near-coast samples. It is found that the total TBB near southeast of the eyewall, the circular symmetric component, and the sum of the amplitudes of tangential wave numbers 1-10 （SA10） of the TBB between the radii of 0.8^o and 1.7^o are significantly and negatively correlated with the TC intensity at various time lags from 0 to 48 h. Especially, the maximum 24-h lag correlation coefficients reach -0.52, -0.58, and -0.625, respectively. A statistical prediction scheme for TC intensity is developed based on climatic persistent, synoptic, and TBB factors by stepwise regression technique. It is found that the variance contribution of the averaged TBB over the ring between 1.0^o and 1.5^o from the TC center ranks the fourth in the equation for 12-h TC intensity prediction, and those of the total TBB near southeast of the eyewall and the difference between maximum and minimum TBB between 1.1^o and 1.5^o rank the third and fifth respectively in the 24-h forecast equation. It is also shown that, with TBB factors, the following predictions are improved compared to the scheme without TBB factors： 48-h prediction for severe tropical storm （STS）, 12-h prediction for TC with a weakening rate greater than 15 m s-1/12 h, 24-h intensity prediction for TC with almost no intensity change, and 48-h prediction for TC intensifying faster than 10 m s^-1/48 h.

Linearly shifting ferromagnetic resonance response of La_(0.7)Sr_(0.3)MnO_(3) thin film for body temperature sensors

Human body temperature not only reflects vital signs,but also affects the state of various organs through blood circulation,and even affects lifespan.Here a wireless body temperature detection scheme was presented that the temperature was extracted by investigating the out-of-plane(OP)ferromagnetic resonance(FMR)field of 10.2 nm thick La_(0.7)Sr_(0.3)MnO_(3)(LSMO)film using electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)technique.Within the range of 34-42℃,the OP FMR field changes linearly with the increasing or decreasing temperature,and this variation comes from the linear responses of magnetization to the fluctuant temperature.Using this method,a tiny temperature change(<0.1℃)of organisms can be detected accurately and sensitively,which shows great potential in body temperature monitoring for humans and mammals.

Body-temperature circadian rhythm in 67 patients after heart valve replacement surgery secondary to valvular heart disease

Purpose:Patient body temperature was monitored after cardiac valve replacement,in order to explore the characteristics of body-temperature circadian rhythm and the factors influencing that rhythm.Methods:A cohort of 67 patients who received cardiac valve replacement in a Fuzhou,Fujian province,China,general hospital underwent temperature measurements and analysis(by cosine curve)of their body-temperature circadian rhythm.A biological rhythm model was established through principal component analysis and evaluation of biological rhythm features.Multiple circadian parameters were included through linear regression analysis.Results:Patients’temperature after cardiac valve replacement exhibited circadian characteristics(p<0.05),among which the scores of temperature mesor,amplitude,and acrophase were respectively(37.61
0.08),(0.10
0.09),and33(e355,e119).Body-temperature rhythms were influenced by both gender and cardiopulmonary bypass time(p<0.05).Conclusion:Although some patients’circadian characteristics disappeared after cardiac valve replacement,circadian rhythms remained intact for most patients.Measures that were found to mitigate body-temperature circadian rhythm disruption included building a natural rhythm of light/darkness and decreasing cardiopulmonary bypass time.

Researchers revealed a neural mechanism underlying body temperature regulation

Subject Code:C09 With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,a research group led by Dr.Shen Wei(沈伟)from Shanghai Tech University has deconstructed a neural circuit for body temperature regulation,which was published in PNAS(2017,114:2042—2047).

Study on Prediction and Application of Human Body Feeling Temperature

[ Objective] The study aimed to forecast human body feeling temperature. [ Method] Using air temperature data outside shutter boxes of cement and asphalt underlying surface at 1.5 m and conventional observation data from 2008 to 2010 as well as T639 and Japan numerical forecast product, the characteristics of the minimum temperature in winter half year and the maximum temperature in summer half year in Changzhou were analyzed, and the prediction equation of the maximum temperature from May to September as well as year-round comfort prediction index were es- tablished. Moreover, the announcement platform of human body feeling temperature was developed to forecast it. [ Result] There remained a tiny discrepancy in the winter minimum temperature between inside and outside shutter box, and clays with the minimum temperature difference lower than 2 ℃ accounted for 94.3% of total days. However, the summer maximum temperature difference between inside and outside shutter box was larger, and days with the maximum temperature difference higher than 2 ℃ accounted for 82.0%, while the maximum difference was 5.5 ℃. The prediction accuracy of the inside maximum temperature was 78%. Wind was considered as the primary factor based on the effective temperature, and comfort index forecast and service were determined based on human feelings, dress, meteorological care and so forth. Both human body feel- ing temperature and comfort index forecast were released in the temperature forecast service. [ Condusion] The prediction of human body feeling temperature could provide scientific references for people＇s dress and traveling in daily life.

Effect Factors on Measurement Precision of the Embedded Temperature Sensing Fabric

The embedded temperature sensing fabric was designed and woven according to the heat transmission model of the fabric.The temperature sensors were embedded into the multi-layered fabric that weft yarns were high-shrinkage polyester filaments.And the fabric was treated by a self-designed partial heat device,which can make the sensor be fixed in the fabric.The effects of yarn type,yarn linear density,fabric warp density,fabric structure,fabric layer numbers where the sensor is located,and the ambient temperature on the temperature measured value were investigated.The results demonstrated that when the higher thermal conductivity of yarns and lower density yarns were applied in the fabric as rawmaterials,they were favored to improve the measurement precision.Meanwhile,there were many factors that could make the measured values closer to the real value of the body,such as the plain fabric,the increased warp density of the fabric,the multiple-layer fabric where the sensor was located,the raised ambient testing temperature and the prolonged test time in the certain range.