Background Older patients with malignant spinal tumors are difficult to treat because they have many co-morbidities including osteoporosis. The purpose of this research is to discuss the technique and clinical outcome...Background Older patients with malignant spinal tumors are difficult to treat because they have many co-morbidities including osteoporosis. The purpose of this research is to discuss the technique and clinical outcome of bone cement enhanced pedicle screw fixation combined with vertebroplasty （the Sandwich Procedure） for elderly patients with severe osteoporosis and malignant spinal tumors. Methods This study includes 28 consecutive elderly patients with malignant thoracic or lumbar spinal tumors. There were nine patients with myelomas, and 19 patients with metastatic bone tumors. The Sandwich Procedure began with curettage of the tumor and a vertebroplasty with bone cement （polymethyl methacrylate, PMMA）, followed by PMMA enhanced pedicle screw fixation. Patients were evaluated with the visual analogue scale （VAS）, oswestry disability index （ODI）, American Spinal Cord Injury Association （ASIA） neurological function classification, and the radiographic degree of kyphosis （Cobb angle）. Data were analyzed using paired t-test to compare the pre- and post-operative values. The complications, local recurrences, and the survival status were also recorded. Results There was no operative mortality, and the mean operative time was 210 minutes （range 150-250 minutes）. The average blood loss was 1550 ml （range 650-3300 ml）. The average amount of cement for vertebroplasty was 3.6 ml （range 3-5 ml）. The VAS, ODI, and ASIA scores were significantly improved after surgery （P 〈0.05）. However, we found no differences between the pre and post-operative Cobb angles. The shortest survival time was 3 months, and we found no evidence of local recurrence in this group of patients. Conclusion The Sandwich Procedure is a safe operation and provides symptomatic relief in these difficult patients, permitting further treatment with chemotherapy or radiotherapy.展开更多
Bone cement-augmented pedicle screw system demonstrates great efficacy in spinal disease treatments. However, the intrinsic drawbacks associated with clinically used polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement demands for ne...Bone cement-augmented pedicle screw system demonstrates great efficacy in spinal disease treatments. However, the intrinsic drawbacks associated with clinically used polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement demands for new bone cement formulations. On the basis of our previous studies, a novel injectable and biodegradable calcium phosphate-based nanocomposite (CPN) for the augmentation of pedicle screw fixation was systematically evaluated for its surgical feasibility and biomechanical performance by simulated and animal osteoporotic bone models, and the results were compared with those of clinical PMMA cement. ASTM-standard solid foam and open-cell foam models and decalcified sheep vertebra models were employed to evaluate the augmentation effects of CPN on bone tissue and on the cement-injected cannulated pedicle screws (CICPs) placed in osteoporotic bone. Surgical factors in CICPs application, such as injection force, tapping technique, screw diameter, and pedicle screw loosening scenarios, were studied in comparison with those in PMMA. When directly injected to the solid foam model, CPN revealed an identical augmentation effect to that of PMMA, as shown by the similar compressive strengths (0.73 ± 0.04 MPa for CPN group vs. 0.79 ± 0.02 MPa for PMMA group). The average injection force of CPN at approximately 40-50 N was higher than that of PMMA at approximately 20 N. Although both values are acceptable to surgeons, CPN revealed a more consistent injection force pattern than did PMMA. The dispersing and anti-pullout ability of CPN were not affected by the surgical factors of tapping technique and screw diameter. The axial pullout strength of CPN evaluated by the decalcified sheep vertebra model revealed a similar augmentation level as that of PMMA (1351.6 ± 324.2 N for CPN vs. 1459.7 ± 304.4 N for PMMA). The promising results of CPN clearly suggest its potential for replacing PMMA in CICPs augmentation application and the benefits of further study and development for clinical uses.展开更多
目的:探讨应用多孔中空椎弓根螺钉骨水泥加强固定治疗合并骨质疏松症的腰椎退变性疾病的有效性和安全性。方法:将2014年11月至2015年7月北京大学第一医院骨科14例应用多孔中空椎弓根螺钉骨水泥加强固定治疗合并骨质疏松症的腰椎退变性...目的:探讨应用多孔中空椎弓根螺钉骨水泥加强固定治疗合并骨质疏松症的腰椎退变性疾病的有效性和安全性。方法:将2014年11月至2015年7月北京大学第一医院骨科14例应用多孔中空椎弓根螺钉骨水泥加强固定治疗合并骨质疏松症的腰椎退变性疾病的患者设为观察组,将2012年2月至2013年9月12例采用传统的骨水泥加强椎弓根螺钉固定的患者设为对照组。记录两组病例手术时间、术中出血量、置入椎弓根螺钉数量、骨水泥加强椎弓根螺钉数量、术中和术后骨水泥并发症(包括术中骨水泥椎旁渗漏、椎间盘渗漏、椎弓根渗漏、血管渗漏、椎管内渗漏,术后肺栓塞等)。随访过程中通过腰椎正侧位X线片和动力位X线片,评价融合节段的融合情况和螺钉松动的情况;采用腰痛视觉模拟评分(visual analog scale,VAS)、下肢痛VAS评分、腰椎日本骨科协会评估治疗评分(Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores,JOA,29分法)评定临床症状改善情况,采用Prolo腰椎功能评定标准和Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)评分评定术后功能改善情况。结果:两组病例手术时间和术中出血量差异无统计学意义;观察组平均每个病例置入椎弓根螺钉(9.9±4.7)枚,平均骨水泥加强椎弓根螺钉(5.9±2.6)枚;对照组平均每个病例置入椎弓根螺钉(7.1±2.8)枚,平均骨水泥加强椎弓根螺钉(3.0±1.9)枚;每个病例骨水泥加强螺钉比例(骨水泥加强螺钉/置入椎弓根螺钉)观察组明显高于对照组(0.69±0.30 vs.0.47±0.30,P<0.05);骨水泥渗漏方面,观察组渗漏率为5/83,明显低于对照组渗漏率(12/42,P<0.01),观察组无椎管内渗漏病例,对照组有1例3枚骨水泥加强椎弓根螺钉出现椎管内渗漏;观察组随访(10.6±2.3)月,对照组随访(36.5±7.2)月,两组病例均未发现植骨不融合病例和螺钉松动病例。末次随访时两组病例腰痛VAS评分、下肢痛VAS评分、腰椎JOA评分,Prolo腰椎功能分级和ODI评分均较术前均有显著性改善(P<0.01)。结论:多孔中空椎弓根螺钉骨水泥加强技术是治疗合并骨质疏松的腰椎退变性疾病的有效方法,简化了操作过程,降低了骨水泥渗漏风险尤其是椎管内渗漏风险,短期临床效果满意。展开更多
[目的]用可注射硫酸钙M IIGX3(m in im ally invasive in jectab le graft X3,以下简称M IIGX3)及医用骨水泥分别强化猪腰椎椎弓根钉内固定,测定椎弓根钉最大轴向拔出力,比较两种材料对椎弓根钉固定强度的影响。[方法]8个新鲜猪腰椎作...[目的]用可注射硫酸钙M IIGX3(m in im ally invasive in jectab le graft X3,以下简称M IIGX3)及医用骨水泥分别强化猪腰椎椎弓根钉内固定,测定椎弓根钉最大轴向拔出力,比较两种材料对椎弓根钉固定强度的影响。[方法]8个新鲜猪腰椎作为实验对象,在同一椎体双侧椎弓根制作钉道,一侧在固定螺钉前加用M IIGX3(M IIGX3组),另一侧加用骨水泥(骨水泥组)。24 h后行轴向拔出力测试。[结果]最大轴向拔出力,M IIGX3组1915±375 N,骨水泥组3625±775 N,二者配对t检验有显著差异(P<0.01)。[结论]骨水泥对椎弓根钉的固定作用大于M IIGX3。当存在脊柱滑脱需较大提拉力量或椎弓根钉需承受较大拔出力的节段,使用骨水泥进行强化更为合适。展开更多
目的评价优化剂量的骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉固定治疗合并骨质疏松症的腰椎间盘突出症患者的临床效果。方法我科于2013年6月至2014年6月对27例合并骨质疏松症的腰椎间盘突出症患者进行了经后路骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉固定、全椎板减压、髓核...目的评价优化剂量的骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉固定治疗合并骨质疏松症的腰椎间盘突出症患者的临床效果。方法我科于2013年6月至2014年6月对27例合并骨质疏松症的腰椎间盘突出症患者进行了经后路骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉固定、全椎板减压、髓核摘除、椎间植骨融合术。所有患者术前BMD检查T值均小于-2.5,均诊断为骨质疏松症。所有患者均注1.5 m L聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（polymethylmethacrylate,PMMA）强化椎弓根螺钉固定,术前和术后均给予抗骨质疏松治疗。记录和观察患者围手术期基本情况及并发症。记录术前、术后6个月和末次随访患者疼痛的视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）、日本骨科协会下腰痛评分（Japanese orthopedic association low back pain score,JOA）和Oswestry功能障碍指数（oswestry disability index,ODI）,X线和CT检查评价螺钉稳定性和椎间植骨融合情况。结果 27例患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间130~200 min,出血量200~500 m L;术中无神经损伤,无硬膜撕裂,无明显骨水泥渗漏及螺钉松动。所有患者均得到随访,随访时间18~30个月。末次随访X线及CT检查示：未发现明显的骨水泥渗漏、螺钉松动、融合器下沉;椎间植骨融合良好,椎间融合率为88.9%。患者术后6个月和末次随访的VAS、JOA、ODI评分均较术前有明显好转,差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,上述指标在末次随访和术后6个月之间的差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论在合并骨质疏松症的腰椎间盘突出症患者手术中,注射1.5 m L骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉固定能够有效提高骨质疏松条件下脊柱内固定的初始稳定性。该方法能很好地维持骨质疏松条件下内固定的远期稳定性,提高椎间植骨融合率,显著降低了远期螺钉松动和椎间植骨不融合的风险。展开更多
文摘Background Older patients with malignant spinal tumors are difficult to treat because they have many co-morbidities including osteoporosis. The purpose of this research is to discuss the technique and clinical outcome of bone cement enhanced pedicle screw fixation combined with vertebroplasty （the Sandwich Procedure） for elderly patients with severe osteoporosis and malignant spinal tumors. Methods This study includes 28 consecutive elderly patients with malignant thoracic or lumbar spinal tumors. There were nine patients with myelomas, and 19 patients with metastatic bone tumors. The Sandwich Procedure began with curettage of the tumor and a vertebroplasty with bone cement （polymethyl methacrylate, PMMA）, followed by PMMA enhanced pedicle screw fixation. Patients were evaluated with the visual analogue scale （VAS）, oswestry disability index （ODI）, American Spinal Cord Injury Association （ASIA） neurological function classification, and the radiographic degree of kyphosis （Cobb angle）. Data were analyzed using paired t-test to compare the pre- and post-operative values. The complications, local recurrences, and the survival status were also recorded. Results There was no operative mortality, and the mean operative time was 210 minutes （range 150-250 minutes）. The average blood loss was 1550 ml （range 650-3300 ml）. The average amount of cement for vertebroplasty was 3.6 ml （range 3-5 ml）. The VAS, ODI, and ASIA scores were significantly improved after surgery （P 〈0.05）. However, we found no differences between the pre and post-operative Cobb angles. The shortest survival time was 3 months, and we found no evidence of local recurrence in this group of patients. Conclusion The Sandwich Procedure is a safe operation and provides symptomatic relief in these difficult patients, permitting further treatment with chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
基金the Youth Clinical Research Project of Peking University First Hospital (No.2017CR06)the National N atural Science Foundation of China (Nos.81622032 and 51672184)+1 种基金the Principal Project of Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (No.17KJA180011)Jiangsu Innovation and Entrepreneurship Program.
文摘Bone cement-augmented pedicle screw system demonstrates great efficacy in spinal disease treatments. However, the intrinsic drawbacks associated with clinically used polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement demands for new bone cement formulations. On the basis of our previous studies, a novel injectable and biodegradable calcium phosphate-based nanocomposite (CPN) for the augmentation of pedicle screw fixation was systematically evaluated for its surgical feasibility and biomechanical performance by simulated and animal osteoporotic bone models, and the results were compared with those of clinical PMMA cement. ASTM-standard solid foam and open-cell foam models and decalcified sheep vertebra models were employed to evaluate the augmentation effects of CPN on bone tissue and on the cement-injected cannulated pedicle screws (CICPs) placed in osteoporotic bone. Surgical factors in CICPs application, such as injection force, tapping technique, screw diameter, and pedicle screw loosening scenarios, were studied in comparison with those in PMMA. When directly injected to the solid foam model, CPN revealed an identical augmentation effect to that of PMMA, as shown by the similar compressive strengths (0.73 ± 0.04 MPa for CPN group vs. 0.79 ± 0.02 MPa for PMMA group). The average injection force of CPN at approximately 40-50 N was higher than that of PMMA at approximately 20 N. Although both values are acceptable to surgeons, CPN revealed a more consistent injection force pattern than did PMMA. The dispersing and anti-pullout ability of CPN were not affected by the surgical factors of tapping technique and screw diameter. The axial pullout strength of CPN evaluated by the decalcified sheep vertebra model revealed a similar augmentation level as that of PMMA (1351.6 ± 324.2 N for CPN vs. 1459.7 ± 304.4 N for PMMA). The promising results of CPN clearly suggest its potential for replacing PMMA in CICPs augmentation application and the benefits of further study and development for clinical uses.
文摘目的:探讨应用多孔中空椎弓根螺钉骨水泥加强固定治疗合并骨质疏松症的腰椎退变性疾病的有效性和安全性。方法:将2014年11月至2015年7月北京大学第一医院骨科14例应用多孔中空椎弓根螺钉骨水泥加强固定治疗合并骨质疏松症的腰椎退变性疾病的患者设为观察组,将2012年2月至2013年9月12例采用传统的骨水泥加强椎弓根螺钉固定的患者设为对照组。记录两组病例手术时间、术中出血量、置入椎弓根螺钉数量、骨水泥加强椎弓根螺钉数量、术中和术后骨水泥并发症(包括术中骨水泥椎旁渗漏、椎间盘渗漏、椎弓根渗漏、血管渗漏、椎管内渗漏,术后肺栓塞等)。随访过程中通过腰椎正侧位X线片和动力位X线片,评价融合节段的融合情况和螺钉松动的情况;采用腰痛视觉模拟评分(visual analog scale,VAS)、下肢痛VAS评分、腰椎日本骨科协会评估治疗评分(Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores,JOA,29分法)评定临床症状改善情况,采用Prolo腰椎功能评定标准和Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)评分评定术后功能改善情况。结果:两组病例手术时间和术中出血量差异无统计学意义;观察组平均每个病例置入椎弓根螺钉(9.9±4.7)枚,平均骨水泥加强椎弓根螺钉(5.9±2.6)枚;对照组平均每个病例置入椎弓根螺钉(7.1±2.8)枚,平均骨水泥加强椎弓根螺钉(3.0±1.9)枚;每个病例骨水泥加强螺钉比例(骨水泥加强螺钉/置入椎弓根螺钉)观察组明显高于对照组(0.69±0.30 vs.0.47±0.30,P<0.05);骨水泥渗漏方面,观察组渗漏率为5/83,明显低于对照组渗漏率(12/42,P<0.01),观察组无椎管内渗漏病例,对照组有1例3枚骨水泥加强椎弓根螺钉出现椎管内渗漏;观察组随访(10.6±2.3)月,对照组随访(36.5±7.2)月,两组病例均未发现植骨不融合病例和螺钉松动病例。末次随访时两组病例腰痛VAS评分、下肢痛VAS评分、腰椎JOA评分,Prolo腰椎功能分级和ODI评分均较术前均有显著性改善(P<0.01)。结论:多孔中空椎弓根螺钉骨水泥加强技术是治疗合并骨质疏松的腰椎退变性疾病的有效方法,简化了操作过程,降低了骨水泥渗漏风险尤其是椎管内渗漏风险,短期临床效果满意。
文摘[目的]用可注射硫酸钙M IIGX3(m in im ally invasive in jectab le graft X3,以下简称M IIGX3)及医用骨水泥分别强化猪腰椎椎弓根钉内固定,测定椎弓根钉最大轴向拔出力,比较两种材料对椎弓根钉固定强度的影响。[方法]8个新鲜猪腰椎作为实验对象,在同一椎体双侧椎弓根制作钉道,一侧在固定螺钉前加用M IIGX3(M IIGX3组),另一侧加用骨水泥(骨水泥组)。24 h后行轴向拔出力测试。[结果]最大轴向拔出力,M IIGX3组1915±375 N,骨水泥组3625±775 N,二者配对t检验有显著差异(P<0.01)。[结论]骨水泥对椎弓根钉的固定作用大于M IIGX3。当存在脊柱滑脱需较大提拉力量或椎弓根钉需承受较大拔出力的节段,使用骨水泥进行强化更为合适。
文摘目的评价优化剂量的骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉固定治疗合并骨质疏松症的腰椎间盘突出症患者的临床效果。方法我科于2013年6月至2014年6月对27例合并骨质疏松症的腰椎间盘突出症患者进行了经后路骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉固定、全椎板减压、髓核摘除、椎间植骨融合术。所有患者术前BMD检查T值均小于-2.5,均诊断为骨质疏松症。所有患者均注1.5 m L聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（polymethylmethacrylate,PMMA）强化椎弓根螺钉固定,术前和术后均给予抗骨质疏松治疗。记录和观察患者围手术期基本情况及并发症。记录术前、术后6个月和末次随访患者疼痛的视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）、日本骨科协会下腰痛评分（Japanese orthopedic association low back pain score,JOA）和Oswestry功能障碍指数（oswestry disability index,ODI）,X线和CT检查评价螺钉稳定性和椎间植骨融合情况。结果 27例患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间130~200 min,出血量200~500 m L;术中无神经损伤,无硬膜撕裂,无明显骨水泥渗漏及螺钉松动。所有患者均得到随访,随访时间18~30个月。末次随访X线及CT检查示：未发现明显的骨水泥渗漏、螺钉松动、融合器下沉;椎间植骨融合良好,椎间融合率为88.9%。患者术后6个月和末次随访的VAS、JOA、ODI评分均较术前有明显好转,差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,上述指标在末次随访和术后6个月之间的差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论在合并骨质疏松症的腰椎间盘突出症患者手术中,注射1.5 m L骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉固定能够有效提高骨质疏松条件下脊柱内固定的初始稳定性。该方法能很好地维持骨质疏松条件下内固定的远期稳定性,提高椎间植骨融合率,显著降低了远期螺钉松动和椎间植骨不融合的风险。
