Symptom Experience and Quality of Life in Colorectal Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy-A Secondary Publication

Objective:To evaluate symptom experience and quality of life(QoL)and to identify the predictors of QoL among colorectal cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted on 107 colorectal cancer patients at a university-affiliated hospital between June 1 and July 30,2021.Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Colorectal(FACT-C)and Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale-Short Form(MSAS-SF)were used to assess symptom experience and QoL of these patients.Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation,t-test,ANOVA,and hierarchical multiple regression.Results:The mean QoL score for colorectal cancer patients was 88.78±20.08.The most frequently experienced physical and psychological symptoms were numbness/tingling and worrying.Physical and psychological symptoms have a significant negative association with QoL.Perceived economic status was significantly associated with QoL in patients’general characteristics.The regression analyses showed that high psychological symptoms(β=-0.63,P<0.001),middle perceived economic status(β=-0.22,P=0.009),and low perceived economic status(β=-0.36,P<0.001)were statistically significant in predicting patients’low QoL.Conclusion:Symptom experience and QoL are essential variables that should be acknowledged when delivering health care to colorectal cancer patients.More attention to the reduction and comprehensive symptom management of psychological distress could improve QoL among colorectal cancer patients.

Treatment of aggressive pancreatic solid pseudo-papillary neoplasms with apatinib plus S-1 chemotherapy:A case report and literature review

Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm(SPN) is a rare indolent pancreatic neoplasm that occurs mostly in females. Although the malignancy potential is quite limited for SPN, these tumors can sometimes be aggressive and lead to inferior prognosis for male patients. In this case report, we present a special case of a male patient with SPN who experienced an aggressive tumor expansion after two surgical resections. For further treatment, we decided to administer chemotherapy with apatinib and S-1, and subsequent CT/MRI tumor monitoring indicated satisfactory control of tumor expansion. The effectiveness of apatinib plus the S-1 regimen should be tested for more patients with SPN in the future.

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms:A clinical snapshot

Our understanding about the epidemiological aspects,pathogenesis,molecular diagnosis,and targeted therapies of neuroendocrine neoplasms(NENs)have drastically advanced in the past decade.Gastroenteropancreatic(GEP)NENs originate from the enteroendocrine cells of the embryonic gut which share common endocrine and neural differentiation factors.Most NENs are welldifferentiated,and slow growing.Specific neuroendocrine biomarkers that are used in the diagnosis of functional NENs include insulin,glucagon,vasoactive intestinal polypeptide,gastrin,somatostatin,adrenocorticotropin,growth hormone releasing hormone,parathyroid hormone-related peptide,serotonin,histamine,and 5-hydroxy indole acetic acid(5-HIAA).Biomarkers such as pancreatic polypeptide,human chorionic gonadotrophin subunits,neurotensin,ghrelin,and calcitonin are used in the diagnosis of non-functional NENs.5-HIAA levels correlate with tumour burden,prognosis and development of carcinoid heart disease and mesenteric fibrosis,however several diseases,medications and edible products can falsely elevate the 5-HIAA levels.Organ-specific transcription factors are useful in the differential diagnosis of metastasis from an unknown primary of well-differentiated NENs.Emerging novel biomarkers include circulating tumour cells,circulating tumour DNA,circulating micro-RNAs,and neuroendocrine neoplasms test(NETest)(simultaneous measurement of 51 neuroendocrine-specific marker genes in the peripheral blood).NETest has high sensitivity(85%-98%)and specificity(93%-97%)for the detection of gastrointestinal NENs,and is useful for monitoring treatment response,recurrence,and prognosis.In terms of management,surgery,radiofrequency ablation,symptom control with medications,chemotherapy and molecular targeted therapies are all considered as options.Surgery is the mainstay of treatment,but depends on factors including age of the individual,location,stage,grade,functional status,and the heredity of the tumour(sporadic vs inherited).Medical management is helpful to alleviate the symptoms,manage inoperable lesions,suppress postoperative tumour growth,and manage recurrences.Several molecular-targeted therapies are considered second line to somatostatin analogues.This review is a clinical update on the pathophysiological aspects,diagnostic algorithm,and management of GEP NENs.

European vs 2015-World Health Organization clinical molecular and pathological classification of myeloproliferative neoplasms

The BCR/ABL fusion gene or the Ph^1-chromosome in the t(9;22)(q34;q11)exerts a high tyrokinase acticity,which is the cause of chronic myeloid leukemia(CML).The1990 Hannover Bone Marrow Classification separated CML from the myeloproliferative disorders essential thrombocythemia(ET),polycythemia vera(PV)and chronic megakaryocytic granulocytic myeloproliferation(CMGM).The 2006-2008 European Clinical Molecular and Pathological(ECMP)criteria discovered 3variants of thrombocythemia:ET with features of PV(prodromal PV),"true"ET and ET associated with CMGM.The 2008 World Health Organization(WHO)-ECMP and 2014 WHO-CMP classifications defined three phenotypes of JAK2^(V617F)mutated ET:normocellular ET(WHO-ET),hypercelluar ET due to increased erythropoiesis(prodromal PV)and ET with hypercellular megakaryocytic-granulocytic myeloproliferation.The JAK2^(V617F)mutation load in heterozygous WHO-ET is low and associated with normal life expectance.The hetero/homozygous JAK2^(V617F)mutation load in PV and myelofibrosis is related to myeloproliferative neoplasm(MPN)disease burden in terms of symptomaticsplenomegaly,constitutional symptoms,bone marrow hypercellularity and myelofibrosis.JAK2 exon 12mutated MPN presents as idiopathic eryhrocythemia and early stage PV.According to 2014 WHO-CMP criteria JAK2 wild type MPL^(515)mutated ET is the second distinct thrombocythemia featured by clustered giant megakaryocytes with hyperlobulated stag-horn-like nuclei,in a normocellular bone marrow consistent with the diagnosis of"true"ET.JAK2/MPL wild type,calreticulin mutated hypercellular ET appears to be the third distinct thrombocythemia characterized by clustered larged immature dysmorphic megakaryocytes and bulky(bulbous)hyperchromatic nuclei consistent with CMGM or primary megakaryocytic granulocytic myeloproliferation.

PVSG and WHO vs European Clinical,Molecular and Pathological Criteria for prefibrotic myeloproliferative neoplasms

The Polycythemia Vera Study Group(PVSG),World Health Organization(WHO) and European Clinical,Molecular and Pathological(ECMP) classifications agree upon the diagnostic criteria for polycythemia vera(PV) and advanced primary myelofibrosis(MF). Essential thrombocythemia(ET) according to PVSG and 2007/2008 WHO criteria comprises three variants of JAK2V617 F mutated ET when the ECMP criteria are applied. These include normocellular ET,hypercellular ET with features of early PV(prodromal PV),and hypercellular ET due to megakaryocytic,granulocytic myeloprolifera-tion(ET.MGM). Evolution of prodromal PV into overt PV is common. Development of MF is rare in normocellular ET(WHO-ET) but rather common in hypercellular ET.MGM. The JAK2V617 F mutation burden in heterozygous mutated normocellular ET and in heterozygous/homozygous or homozygous mutated PV and ET.MGM is of major prognostic significance. JAK2/MPL wild type ET associated with prefibrotic primary megakaryocytic and granulocytic myeloproliferation(PMGM) is characterized by densely clustered immature dysmorphic megakaryocytes with bulky(bulbous) hyperchromatic nuclei,which are never seen in JAK2V617 F mutated ET,and PV and also not in MPL515 mutated normocellular ET(WHO-ET). JAK2V617 mutation burden,spleen size,LDH,circulating CD34+ cells,and pre-treatment bone marrow histopathology are mandatory to stage the myeloproliferative neoplasms ET,PV,PMGM for proper prognosis assessment and therapeutic implications. MF itself is not a disease because reticulin fibrosis and reticulin/collagen fibrosis are secondary responses of activated polyclonal fibroblasts to cytokines released from the clonal myeloproliferative granulocytic and megakaryocytic progenitor cells in ET.MGM,PV and PMGM.

Prolonged hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy duration with 90 minutes cisplatin might increase overall survival in gastric cancer patients with peritoneal metastases

BACKGROUND Advanced gastric cancer with synchronous peritoneal metastases(GC-PM)is associated with a poor prognosis.Although cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy(CRS-HIPEC)is a promising approach,only a limited number of Western studies exist.AIM To investigate the clinicopathological outcomes of patients who underwent CRSHIPEC for GC-PM.METHODS A retrospective analysis of patients with GC-PM was conducted.All patients were seen at the Department of General and Visceral Surgery,Hospital Barmherzige Brüder,Regensburg,Germany between January 2011 and July 2021 and underwent CRS-HIPEC.Preoperative laboratory results,the use of neoadjuvant trastuzumab,and the details of CRS-HIPEC,including peritoneal carcinomatosis index,completeness of cytoreduction,and surgical procedures were recorded.Disease-specific(DSS),and overall survival(OS)of patients were calculated.RESULTS A total of 73 patients were included in the study.Patients treated with neoadjuvant trastuzumab(n=5)showed longer DSS(P=0.0482).Higher white blood cell counts(DSS:P=0.0433)and carcinoembryonic antigen levels(OS and DSS:P<0.01),and lower hemoglobin(OS and DSS:P<0.05)and serum total protein(OS:P=0.0368)levels were associated with shorter survival.Longer HIPEC duration was associated with more advantageous median survival times[60-min(n=59):12.86 mo;90-min(n=14):27.30 mo],but without statistical difference.To obtain additional data from this observation,further separation of the study population was performed.First,propensity score-matched patient pairs(n=14 in each group)were created.Statistically different DSS was found between patient pairs(hazard ratio=0.2843;95%confidence interval:0.1119-0.7222;P=0.0082).Second,those patients who were treated with trastuzumab and/or had human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positivity(median survival:12.68 mo vs 24.02 mo),or had to undergo the procedure before 2016(median survival:12.68 mo vs 27.30 mo;P=0.0493)were removed from the original study population.CONCLUSION Based on our experience,CRS-HIPEC is a safe and secure method to improve the survival of advanced GC-PM patients.Prolonged HIPEC duration may serve as a good therapy for these patients.

Epithelioid Angiosarcoma of Bone: A Neoplasm with Potential Pitfalls in Diagnosis

Angiosarcoma of bone is an exceedingly rare primary bone malignancy that can present as an aggressive osteolytic lesion. This subset can radiologically mimic non-vascular neoplasms and impose serious challenges in reaching the correct diagnosis. Meanwhile histological diagnosis can be extremely challenging too, as the pathological features often resemble that of aneurysmal bone cysts. We present an unusual case of a 22-year-old woman who presented with a rapidly growing humeral tumor of 8 months’ duration. The case of intraosseous angiosarcoma presented as a diagnostic dilemma and the relevant radiological and pathologic findings were discussed. We describe the clinical, radiological and pathological features of this unique case, and review the literature concerning Angiosarcoma of bone. Our case highlights the diagnostic difficulties for such very rare tumours and clinico-pathological correlation is of paramount importance to differential diagnosis.

Relationship between Circulating Plasma Galectin-3 Levels and T-Cell Activation during Cervical Cancer Chemotherapy

Objective: Despite the existence of several therapeutic strategies, the management of cervical cancer remains challenging. Our region has very little data on the interaction between the immune system and the clinical response to chemotherapy. This work examines plasma levels of galectin-3 (Gal-3) and percentages of activated T cells in patients with cervical cancer treated with chemotherapy and investigates if there is a relationship between the rates of these two elements. Methods: We compared data from 37 patients with cervical cancer undergoing chemotherapy and 42 controls with normal cervical cytology. Plasma Gal-3 concentrations were assessed by ELISA and expression of activation markers by T cells (CD69 and HLA-DR) was assessed by flow cytometry at three different time points during chemotherapy. Results: Our results showed that patients had a significantly higher concentration of Gal-3 compared to controls (4.025 vs. 1.340, p 0.001), similarly, they had a significantly high percentage of activated lymphocytes (2.610 vs. 0.731;p 0.0001). According to the response to treatment, patients with no response to treatment had a lower concentration of circulating Gal-3 but had approximately the same percentage of activated CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes as patients with a partial or total response. In addition, we found a positive correlation between the Gal-3 level and CD4 T cells expressing the activation marker CD69 (p 0.05;rho = 0.44). Conclusion: In conclusion, our results show that there would be a relationship between circulating galectin-3 and the percentage of peripheral CD4+CD69+ cells in cervical cancer.

Effects of cytoreductive surgery combined with hyperthermic perfusion chemotherapy on prognosis of patients with advanced gallbladder cancer

BACKGROUND Gallbladder cancer(GC)is a common malignant tumor and one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide.It is typically highly invasive,difficult to detect in the early stages,and has poor treatment outcomes,resulting in high mortality rates.The available treatment options for GC are relatively limited.One emerging treatment modality is hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy(HIPEC).HIPEC involves delivering heated chemotherapy directly into the abdominal cavity.It combines the strategies of surgical tumor resection and localized chemotherapy administration under hyperthermic conditions,aiming to enhance the concentration and effectiveness of drugs within the local tumor site while minimizing systemic toxicity.AIM To determine the effects of cytoreductive surgery(CRS)combined with HIPEC on the short-term prognosis of patients with advanced GC.METHODS Data from 80 patients treated at the Punan Branch of Renji Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine between January 2018 and January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.The control group comprised 44 patients treated with CRS,and the research group comprised 36 patients treated with CRS combined RESULTS The baseline data of the research and control groups were similar(P>0.05).Six days after surgery,the alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,total bilirubin,and direct bilirubin levels significantly decreased compared to the preoperative levels in both groups(P<0.05).However,the values did not differ between the two groups six days postoperatively(P>0.05).Similarly,the postoperative creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels were significantly lower than the preoperative levels in both groups(P<0.05),but they did not differ between the groups six days postoperatively(P>0.05).Furthermore,the research group had fewer postoperative adverse reactions than the control group(P=0.027).Finally,a multivariate Cox analysis identified the tumor stage,distant metastasis,and the treatment plan as independent factors affecting prognosis(P<0.05).The three-year survival rate in the study group was higher than that in the control group(P=0.002).CONCLUSION CRS combined with HIPEC lowers the incidence of adverse reactions and improves survival in patients with advanced GC.

乳腺癌细胞条件培养基对骨髓间充质干细胞生物学行为的影响

目的探讨MCF-7乳腺癌细胞条件培养基对骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSC)增殖、凋亡和迁移的影响及分子机制。方法正常环境下培养的BMSC为对照组,以MCF-7细胞条件培养基培养的BMSC为MCF-7条件培养基组,向MCF-7条件培养基组添加10 nmol/L GSK690693(Akt抑制剂)为Akt抑制剂组,向MCF-7条件培养基组添加10µmol/L Reparixin(CXCR1/2抑制剂)为CXCR1/2抑制剂组。MTT实验检测各组BMSC增殖情况,Annexin V-FITC/PI双标记流式细胞凋亡实验检测各组BMSC凋亡率,Transwell细胞迁移实验检测各组BMSC的迁移能力,酶联免疫吸附试验检测两种细胞培养上清液和MCF-7细胞条件培养基中白细胞介素(IL)-8蛋白含量,Western blot检测各组BMSC的蛋白激酶B(Akt)/磷酸化Akt(p-Akt)和哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)/磷酸化mTOR(p-mTOR)蛋白表达。结果与对照组相比,MCF-7条件培养基组BMSC的细胞增殖水平、迁移数目以及p-Akt和p-mTOR蛋白相对表达量均增高,细胞凋亡率降低(P<0.05);与MCF-7条件培养基组相比,CXCR1/2抑制剂组和Akt抑制剂组BMSC的细胞增殖水平、迁移数目以及p-Akt和p-mTOR蛋白相对表达量均降低,细胞凋亡率增加(P<0.05);MCF-7细胞条件培养基和MCF-7培养上清液中IL-8蛋白含量均较BMSC培养上清液中IL-8蛋白含量高(P<0.05)。结论MCF-7细胞条件培养基通过激活Akt-mTOR信号通路促进BMSC增殖和迁移,抑制BMSC凋亡,其中IL-8-CXCR1/2轴发挥关键作用。

鼻咽癌放化疗治疗患者外周血PD-1及免疫指标水平的变化及其临床意义

目的探讨鼻咽癌放化疗治疗患者外周血程序性死亡受体1(PD-1)及免疫指标水平的变化及其临床意义。方法回顾性选取2020年1月至2023年江苏省肿瘤医院收治的90例鼻咽癌患者,所有患者均经病理确诊并接受放化疗治疗,采集其血液样本之后采用流式细胞术对不同时间段(治疗前、新辅助化疗后、放疗后)外周血淋巴细胞亚群比例、外周血PD-1、CD8^(+)CD28^(+)细胞比例的水平变化予以动态监测并比较。结果鼻咽癌患者新辅助化疗后CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)细胞比例、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)比值分别为(72.28±8.37)%、(39.27±8.58)%、1.58±0.67,均明显高于治疗前,CD3-CD16^(+)CD56^(+)、CD19^(+)细胞比例分别为(18.27±8.38)%、(7.87±4.08)%,均明显低于治疗前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);新辅助化疗后与治疗前的CD8^(+)细胞比例比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。鼻咽癌患者新辅助化疗之后CD8^(+)CD28^(+)细胞比例为(10.68±3.87)%,明显高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);新辅助化疗后与治疗前的外周血PD-1水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。放疗后与治疗前的CD3^(+)细胞比例比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);鼻咽癌患者放疗后CD4^(+)细胞比例、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)比值、CD19^(+)细胞比例分别为(26.68±6.09)%、0.88±0.29、(3.69±2.36)%,均明显低于治疗前,CD8^(+)、CD3-CD16^(+)CD56^(+)细胞比例分别为(31.03±8.08)%、(27.39±10.26)%,均明显高于治疗前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。鼻咽癌患者放疗后CD8^(+)CD28^(+)细胞比例为(7.08±2.57)%,明显低于治疗前,外周血PD-1水平为(13.38±6.27)%,明显高于治疗前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论新辅助化疗之后鼻咽癌患者外周血T细胞亚群比值处于持续上调趋势,而放疗完成后处于下降趋势,表明鼻咽癌患者于放疗完成后免疫功能受损;放疗完成后鼻咽癌患者T细胞PD-1表达水平明显上调,提示PD-1抑制剂最佳使用时间可能为放化疗完成时,抗PD-1维持治疗可发挥持久、高效的抗肿瘤作用。

亮丙瑞林对ER阳性绝经前乳腺癌化疗患者卵巢功能及骨密度的影响

目的:探讨亮丙瑞林对雌激素受体(ER)阳性绝经前乳腺癌化疗患者卵巢功能及骨密度(BMD)的影响。方法:选取2020年1月—2022年8月丰城市人民医院收治的82例ER阳性绝经前乳腺癌患者的病历资料进行回顾性分析,根据治疗方式分为化疗组(n=41)和亮丙瑞林组(n=41)。化疗组患者予以AC-T辅助化疗,亮丙瑞林组在化疗组的基础上联合亮丙瑞林治疗。比较两组患者疗效、卵巢功能、BMD及月经情况。结果:亮丙瑞林组的总有效率高于化疗组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组血清雌二醇(E2)水平均明显降低,血清促黄体生成素(LH)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)水平均明显升高(P<0.05);亮丙瑞林组患者的血清LH、FSH水平均明显高于化疗组,血清E2水平明显低于化疗组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组左髋部、腰椎的BMD水平均明显降低(P<0.05);两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。亮丙瑞林组的闭经时间、月经恢复正常时间均较化疗组短,月经复潮率较化疗组高(P<0.05)。结论:亮丙瑞林可保护ER阳性绝经前乳腺癌化疗患者卵巢功能,可有效提高疗效,但可能会导致患者BMD下降,需要在治疗期间注意监测BMD变化,降低骨质疏松发生风险。

肺癌患者化疗初期症状群与癌因性疲乏的相关性分析

目的分析肺癌患者化疗初期症状群与癌因性疲乏的相关性。方法选择2021年8月-2022年12月我院收治的肺癌化疗患者137例,采用Piper疲乏修订量表对化疗初期症状群进行评价,采用Pearson相关性分析对肺癌患者化疗初期症状群与癌因性疲乏的相关性进行分析。结果回收有效问卷137份(97.86%),137例肺癌患者化疗初期症状群表现为口干(67.88%)、食欲下降(58.39%)、呕吐(16.79%)、咯血(19.71%)、嗜睡(51.82%)、健忘(59.85%)、悲伤感(47.45%)、咳嗽(54.01%)、咳痰(75.18%)、便秘(37.96%)、麻木感(35.77%)、胸闷(59.12%)、气短(70.80%)以及体重下降(49.64%),有无症状群患者的癌因性疲乏评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。肺癌患者化疗初期症状群与癌因性疲乏呈正相关(r>0,P<0.05)。结论肺癌患者化疗初期症状群与癌因性疲乏呈正相关,临床可采取相应干预措施,降低癌因性疲乏的程度。

基于定量CT身体组分、^(18)F-FDG PET/CT显像预测手术联合新辅助化疗治疗早期乳腺癌预后的价值

目的 分析定量CT (QCT)身体组分、^(18)F-氟脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射型计算机断层显像(^(18)F-FDG PET-CT)对手术联合新辅助化疗(NAC)治疗早期乳腺癌患者预后的预测效能,为临床治疗提供参考。方法 选取2020年3月至2022年10月于南阳市第二人民医院接受手术联合NAC治疗的82例早期乳腺癌患者纳入研究,在NAC前和化疗1、3个周期后检测记录QCT参数[L_(1)、L_(2)水平的皮下脂肪面积(SFA)、内脏脂肪面积(VFA)、骨密度(BMD)、L_(3)水平的椎旁肌肉面积(TMA)]、^(18)F-FDG PET/CT显像的最大标准摄取值(SUV_(max))、肿瘤代谢体积(MTV)。NAC结束后进行手术,随访12个月(失访2例),依据有无复发转移分为预后良好组43例和预后不良组37例,比较不同预后患者的QCT参数、^(18)F-FDG PET/CT显像指标,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线获取曲线下面积(AUC)分析其对早期乳腺癌患者预后的预测效能。结果化疗1个周期后,预后良好组患者的SFA、BMD、VFA、MA水平分别为(45.23±4.07) cm^(2)、(128.97±26.53) mg/m^(2)、(78.07±6.69) cm^(2)、(37.36±5.74) cm^(2),明显高于预后不良组的(42.52±3.32) cm^(2)、(112.54±25.82) mg/m^(2)、(73.73±7.25) cm^(2)、(32.94±5.31) cm^(2),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);化疗3个周期后,预后良好组患者的SFA、BMD、VFA、MA水平分别为(40.95±3.92) cm^(2)、(113.55±15.87) mg/m^(2)、(73.59±6.17) cm^(2)、(32.67±4.98) cm^(2),明显高于预后不良组的(37.51±3.56) cm^(2)、(95.18±17.45) mg/m^(2)、(70.30±5.14) cm^(2)、(28.52±4.42) cm^(2),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);化疗1个周期后,预后良好组患者的SUV_(max)、MTV分别为5.43±1.25、(3.86±0.87)×10^(4)mm,明显低于预后不良组的6.04±1.07、(4.27±0.85)×10^(4)mm,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);化疗3个周期后,预后良好组患者的SUV_(max)、MTV分别为3.94±1.06、(2.61±0.70)×10^(4)mm,明显低于预后不良组的4.73±1.21、(3.05±0.93)×10^(4)mm,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);经ROC曲线分析结果显示,SFA、BMD、VFA、MA、SUV_(max)、MTV联合预测手术联合NAC治疗早期乳腺癌患者预后的AUC分别为0.898 (95%CI:0.809~0.954)、0.919 (95%CI:0.836~0.968)。结论 NAC过程中检测QCT参数、^(18)F-FDG PET/CT显像指标可预测手术联合NAC治疗早期乳腺癌患者的预后,联合预测的价值较高。

仑伐替尼联合PD-1单抗及GEMOX方案在晚期胆道恶性肿瘤治疗中的临床观察

目的探讨靶免(仑伐替尼+信迪利单抗)联合GEMOX(吉西他滨+奥沙利铂)在胆道恶性肿瘤复发转移患者中的临床效果和安全性。方法选择2015年1月到2024年1月在我院中西医结合肿瘤科及肝胆外科接受靶免(仑伐替尼+信迪利单抗)联合GEMOX(吉西他滨+奥沙利铂)方案的复发转移的晚期胆道恶性肿瘤患者24例,主要观察终点设置为总体生存期(overall survival,OS)和无进展生存时间(progression-free survival,PFS),次要观察终点设置为客观缓解率(ORR)、疾病控制率(DCR)、安全性。借助肿瘤标记物(CEA、CA125、CA199)变化、不良反应、生活质量评分,影像学改变等各项数据综合评估靶免(仑伐替尼+信迪利单抗)联合GEMOX(吉西他滨+奥沙利铂)方案治疗晚期胆道恶性肿瘤复发转移的安全性和整体临床效果。结果部分缓解(PR)8例,稳定(SD)8例,进展(PD)8例,ORR 33.3%(8/24),DCR 66.7%(16/24),中位OS 13个月,中位PFS 8个月。治疗后CA199水平明显低于治疗前(P<0.05)。主要不良反应为皮疹(14/24,58.3%)、白细胞下降(22/24,91.6%)、贫血(20/24,83.3%),其中有1例因严重不良事件退出治疗,1例患者在治疗期间死于胆道梗阻合并感染。结论采用靶免(仑伐替尼+信迪利单抗)联合GEMOX(吉西他滨+奥沙利铂)方案治疗晚期胆道恶性肿瘤复发转移患者具有较高的安全性和有效性,可以在临床使用。

结肠癌病人血清S100钙结合蛋白A12、可溶性晚期糖基化终产物受体水平与肠道菌群失调及化疗效果的关系

目的探讨结肠癌病人血清S100钙结合蛋白A12(S100A12)、可溶性晚期糖基化终产物受体(sRAGE)水平与肠道菌群失调及化疗效果的相关性。方法选择2020年12月至2021年12月黄河水利委员会黄河中心医院收治的116例中、晚期结肠癌病人作为结肠癌组,另选取在该院同期健康体检人员120例作为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)检测血清S100A12、sRAGE水平,检测病人肠道菌群,并对病人化疗后进行随访,Pearson法分析结肠癌病人血清S100A12、sRAGE水平与菌群失调相关性,受试者操作特征曲线(ROC曲线)分析化疗前血清S100A12、sRAGE水平对结肠癌化疗效果的诊断价值。结果与对照组比较,结肠癌组病人化疗前血清S100A12、sRAGE水平显著升高(P<0.05)。与化疗前菌群正常组[(265.34±45.78)μg/L、(381.54±36.75)ng/L]比较,菌群失调Ⅰ度组[(301.52±56.95)μg/L、(440.63±48.71)ng/L]、菌群失调Ⅱ度组[(339.29±52.35)μg/L、(432.75±49.20)ng/L]病人血清S100A12、sRAGE水平显著升高(P<0.05);与菌群失调Ⅰ度组比较,菌群失调Ⅱ度组病人血清S100A12、sRAGE水平显著升高(P<0.05)。相关性分析显示,结肠癌病人血清S100A12、sRAGE水平与大肠杆菌、粪肠球菌数量呈正相关(P<0.05),与双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌数量呈负相关(P<0.05)。与化疗前比较,结肠癌病人化疗后血清S100A12、sRAGE水平显著降低(P<0.05);与化疗缓解组[(272.33±55.36)μg/L、(403.24±40.54)ng/L]比较,化疗无效组[(330.09±42.64)μg/L、(482.85±43.61)ng/L]病人化疗前血清S100A12、sRAGE水平显著较高(P<0.05)。血清S100A12、sRAGE联合诊断结肠癌化疗无效的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.91[95%CI:(0.84,0.96),P<0.001],灵敏度为86.05%,特异度为80.82%。结论结肠癌病人血清S100A12、sRAGE升高,与肠道菌群失调及化疗效果有关,对化疗疗效评估与预后评价有一定指导意义。

PD⁃1抑制剂联合全身化疗治疗复发转移性宫颈癌的临床效果观察

目的探讨程序性细胞死亡受体-1(PD-1)抑制剂(卡瑞利珠单抗)免疫治疗联合全身化疗治疗复发转移性宫颈癌的临床效果。方法选择2019年2月—2021年6月定州市人民医院收治的复发转移性宫颈癌64例,依据随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组各32例。对照组给予紫杉醇联合顺铂全身化疗方案,研究组给予全身化疗方案+PD-1卡瑞利珠单抗免疫治疗。比较2组临床疗效,分析治疗前及治疗3个周期后鳞状细胞癌抗原(SCC)、外周血淋巴细胞/单核细胞(LMR)及血小板/淋巴细胞(PLR)指标水平及Kamofsky评分变化,并观察治疗期间毒性作用发生情况及随访期间患者总生存期。结果研究组总有效率、疾病控制率分别为93.75%(30/32)、96.88%(31/32),高于对照组的68.75%(22/32)、75.00%(24/32),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗3个周期后,2组血清SCC、PLR水平较治疗前降低,LMR较治疗前升高,且研究组改善程度优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组Kamofsky评分均较治疗前升高,且研究组高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后研究组1、2年生存率及总生存期高于或长于对照组(P<0.05)。2组毒性作用多数为1~2级。研究组血小板下降和转氨酶升高比例分别为37.50%(12/32)和28.12%(9/32),高于对照组的18.75%(6/32)和9.38%(3/32),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组贫血、白细胞下降、恶心、腹泻、乏力等毒性作用发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);研究组中发生反应性毛细血管增生症、甲状腺功能减退、皮疹、带状疱疹、过敏等经对症处理后症状消失。结论PD-1抑制剂联合全身化疗治疗复发转移性宫颈癌提高了临床效果、生存质量及生存率,延长生存期,改善了机体的炎症免疫反应状态,毒性作用较少,患者耐受性好。

艾迪注射液联合常规化疗对肺癌脑转移患者的临床疗效

目的观察艾迪注射液联合化疗对肺癌脑转移患者认知障碍的缓解情况。方法回顾性分析2018年6月至2020年6月在浙江省丽水市人民医院就诊的80例肺癌脑转移患者的临床资料,按照不同治疗方法分为常规化疗组和艾迪组,常规化疗组患者采用顺铂联合多西他赛的化疗方案,艾迪组在常规化疗组基础上予以艾迪注射液。观察2组患者的近期疗效、认知功能以及毒副作用,评价联合艾迪注射液治疗的有效性和安全性。结果常规化疗组患者近期有效率50%,艾迪组患者近期有效率73%,2组差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.266,P=0.039)。治疗开始前,常规化疗组和艾迪组患者的蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评分和简易智能量表(MMSE)评分差异无统计学意义。治疗后2周,与常规化疗组比较,艾迪组患者的MoCA评分和MMSE评分均增加,差异具有统计学意义(t=-3.462、-2.507,P=0.001、0.047);治疗后2周艾迪组患者的Karnofsky评分和生活质量量表(QOL)评分升高,差异具有统计学意义(t=-4.634、-4.050,P<0.01)。与常规化疗组比较,艾迪组患者骨髓抑制和眩晕情况减轻,差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.126、4.050,P=0.042、0.044),恶心呕吐等胃肠道反应和脱发情况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。80例患者均因本病死亡。常规化疗组患者平均生存期为(15±3)个月,艾迪组患者的中位生存期为(18±4)个月,2组差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=17.752,P<0.01)。结论艾迪注射液联合常规化疗方案治疗肺癌脑转移患者可提升近期疗效,缓解认知障碍,减轻化疗的毒副作用,但对于患者的生存期无明显影响。

经口微创手术治疗诱导化疗后下咽癌疗效分析

目的对局部晚期下咽癌经诱导化疗降期后行微创及开放手术患者预后及喉功能保留情况分析。方法回顾性分析2016年1月~2021年12月北京同仁医院接受诱导化疗并疗效评估为大部分缓解(partial response,PR),即肿瘤靶病灶最大径之和减少≥70%后,行保留喉功能手术的54例下咽癌患者临床资料,对接受经口微创手术和颈外入路开放手术的患者术后喉功能恢复情况、生存率等进行对比分析。结果54例患者中接受经口微创手术28例,接受颈外入路部分下咽和(或)部分喉切除手术26例,两组患者术后3年生存率分别为63%和59%,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.288,P>0.05),微创手术组术后呼吸功能(χ^(2)=14.676,P<0.05)、吞咽功能(χ^(2)=10.956,P<0.05)及发声功能(χ^(2)=13.290,P<0.05)的恢复优于开放手术组,差异均有统计学意义。结论经口微创治疗在诱导化疗后降期的下咽癌患者治疗中能够获得与开放手术近似的生存率,且经口微创手术后喉功能恢复更好。

乳腺癌化疗患者心脏毒性风险评估量表的编制和信效度检验

背景乳腺癌化疗患者心脏毒性是乳腺癌幸存者及患者死亡的主要原因,而早期风险评估发现心脏毒性对临床预防和治疗心脏毒性具有重要意义,但目前国内缺乏公认的乳腺癌化疗患者心脏毒性风险评估工具。目的编制乳腺癌化疗患者心脏毒性风险评估量表,并检验其信效度。方法通过查阅国内外相关文献构建条目池,采用目的抽样法,于2022年9—10月在江苏省肿瘤医院选取医护人员进行半结构式访谈,初步形成乳腺癌化疗患者心脏毒性风险评估条目池,并选取江苏省肿瘤医院就诊的乳腺癌化疗患者进行预调查与量表的信效度检验,将所有乳腺癌化疗患者心脏毒性风险评分进行排序,以前27%为低分组,后27%为高分组。采用Cronbach'sα系数评价量表的内部一致性,采用条目水平的内容效度指数(I-CVI)与量表水平的内容效度指数(S-CVI)进行效度检验,运用探索性因子分析的方法对量表的结构效度进行评价,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线),计算ROC曲线下面积(AUC)确定预测效度。结果半结构式访谈纳入医护人员9名,经过2轮专家函询后,形成19个条目的乳腺癌化疗患者心脏毒性风险评估量表。本研究患者低分组共79例,高分组共83例,两组吸烟史、内分泌治疗史、免疫治疗史临界比值比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。相关性分析结果显示,吸烟史、免疫治疗史与总分无相关性(P>0.05)。最终删除“吸烟史”“内分泌治疗史”“免疫治疗史”3个条目,形成含有16个条目的量表。量表的Cronbach'sα系数为0.739;重测信度为0.983;评定者间信度为0.984。本量表内容效度结果示:I-CVI为0.83~1.00;S-CVI为0.98。预测效度结果示:量表的AUC为0.887(95%CI=0.827~0.947,P<0.001),截断值为32.50分,约登指数为0.649,特异度为89.1%,灵敏度为75.9%。探索性因子分析结果显示,KMO值为0.700,Bartlett's球形检验的χ^(2)值为1037.898(df=120,P<0.001)。本研究共提取5个公因子、累计方差贡献率为61.991%。危险程度分级结果显示,得分为32~38分为低危,39~56分为中危,≥57分为高危。结论乳腺癌化疗患者心脏毒性风险评估量表具有良好的信效度,能够较好预测心脏毒性的高危人群,可为临床医生护士有效识别乳腺癌化疗患者心脏毒性高风险人群提供有效的评估工具。