Transmission pricing has become a major issue in the discussions about the deregulated electricity markets. Consequently, open access to the transmission system is one of the basic topics to allow competition among pa...Transmission pricing has become a major issue in the discussions about the deregulated electricity markets. Consequently, open access to the transmission system is one of the basic topics to allow competition among participants in the energy market. Transmission costs have an important impact on relative competition among participants in the energy market as well as on short- and long-term economic efficiencies of the whole electricity industry, although they represent only close to 10% of the energy market price. This paper deals with the design and tests of a transmission pricing method based on the optimal circuit prices derived from the economically adapted network （EAN）. Prices derived from the EAN have the advantage of being in tune with the maximum revenue allowed to the owner of transmission assets and simplifying the optimal allocation of transmission costs among participants. Beginning from the conceptual design, the proposed method is tested on a three-bus network and on the IEEE 24-bus reliability test system.展开更多
文摘本文结合近年生物学中神经科学的发展,针对神经胶质细胞对生物神经元网络的生长提供能量支持的特性,将神经胶质细胞的能量模型引入到人工神经元的概念模型中,提出了能量人工神经元(Energy artificial neuron,EAN)的概念模型,并给出了数学表述.同时,在能量人工神经元模型的基础上,实现了一种新型自生长、自组织人工神经元网络(EANbased self-growing and self-organizing neural network,ESGSONN),ESGSONN将神经元中的能量、网络的熵增量及样本与神经元权值的相似度的竞争作为生长的条件,并对最优生长点中的获胜神经元进行单位步长调整.ESGSONN实现了快速生长、精确的样本数据分布密度保持、死神经元少的特性.本文使用经典的16种动物实验(Ritter and Kohonen,1989)验证了ESGSONN的正确性,并通过同SOFM、GCS等自组织网络的对比实验验证ESGSONN网络的特性.最后,本文对ESGSONN在高维空间中的本质进行了讨论.
基金The first author gratefully acknowledges the support from Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
文摘Transmission pricing has become a major issue in the discussions about the deregulated electricity markets. Consequently, open access to the transmission system is one of the basic topics to allow competition among participants in the energy market. Transmission costs have an important impact on relative competition among participants in the energy market as well as on short- and long-term economic efficiencies of the whole electricity industry, although they represent only close to 10% of the energy market price. This paper deals with the design and tests of a transmission pricing method based on the optimal circuit prices derived from the economically adapted network （EAN）. Prices derived from the EAN have the advantage of being in tune with the maximum revenue allowed to the owner of transmission assets and simplifying the optimal allocation of transmission costs among participants. Beginning from the conceptual design, the proposed method is tested on a three-bus network and on the IEEE 24-bus reliability test system.
