Box-Behnken Design响应面法优化银杏叶提取物醇提水沉工艺

目的优化银杏叶提取物的醇提水沉工艺。方法在单因素试验基础上,以总黄酮醇苷转移率、萜类内酯转移率及干物质得率为综合评价指标,通过Box-Behnken Design(BBD)响应面法对液料比、提取时间、提取次数、提取液浓缩倍数、加水倍数、冷沉时间进行考察。结果醇提水沉最佳工艺为液料比8∶1(V/m),提取时间1.0 h,提取次数3次,浓缩倍数3倍,加水倍数3倍,冷沉时间28.0 h。结论BBD响应面法优化得到的银杏叶提取物醇提水沉工艺科学、合理、稳定、可行。

The Adsorption of Pb(II)Using Silica Gel Synthesized from Chemical Bottle Waste:Optimization Using Box-Behnken Design

The adsorption of Pb(II)on silica gel synthesized from chemical glass bottle waste has been studied.The effect of independent variables(adsorbent dose,initial concentration of Pb(II),contact time,and pH)on the Pb(II)removal from water was evaluated and optimized using the Response Surface Methodology(RSM).Under optimized conditions(adsorbent dose:20 mg;contact time:30 min;initial Pb(II)concentration:120 mg.L^(−1);and pH:8),the removal of Pb(II)was 99.77%.The adsorption equilibrium data obtained from the batch experiment were investigated using different isotherm models.The Langmuir isotherm model fits the experimental data.This shows that the surface of the silica gel synthesized from chemical bottles waste was covered by a Pb(II)monolayer.XRF analysis showed that the synthesized silica gel had a SiO_(2) content of 75.63%.Amorphous silica was observed from XRD analysis.SEM-EDX characterization showed that Pb was adsorbed on the silica gel surface.SEM analysis showed that silica gel has irregular particles with a surface area of 297.08 m2.g^(−1) with a pore radius of 15.74 nm calculated from BET analysis.

Box-Behnken Design效应面法在制剂处方优化中的应用

Box-Behnken Design(BBD)效应面法是一种实验条件寻优的方法 ,采用多元二次回归方程拟合各因素与响应值之间的函数关系,找出预测的响应最优值以及相应的实验条件,是种多因素非线性实验优化方法,可以评估因素的非线性影响,在处方优化中广泛使用。该设计方法试验次数少,应用方便,优选的条件预测性好。目前,微球、自乳化释药体系、脂质体等制剂的处方优化越来越多选择BBD的优化法。

Box-Behnken Design响应面法结合遗传算法和直接搜索算法优化丹栀逍遥散的提取工艺

目的:优化丹栀逍遥散的提取工艺。方法:采用加热回流提取法提取丹栀逍遥散组方药材样品粉末,以乙醇体积分数、提取时间和液料比(V/m)为考察因素,以栀子苷、芍药苷和丹皮酚3个指标成分的综合评分为评价指标,先采用Box-Behnken Design(BBD)响应面法进行试验设计,建立数学模型并获得目标函数后,结合遗传算法和直接搜索算法求解各因素的最优取值。结果:丹栀逍遥散中3个指标成分的最优提取工艺条件为60.8%乙醇提取3.1 h、液料比为15.72∶1(mL/g)。采用BBD响应面法或结合遗传算法和直接搜索算法所得的综合评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:经优化的工艺可用于丹栀逍遥散中3个指标成分的提取。BBD响应面法结合遗传算法和直接搜索算法在优化中药提取工艺方面具有一定优越性。

Box-Behnken Design-响应面法优化绿原酸转化为新绿原酸的工艺研究

利用Box-Behnken-响应面法优化绿原酸转化为新绿原酸的工艺条件。在单因素实验基础上,采用Box-Behnken Design实验设计,考察反应温度、反应时间及p H值对新绿原酸产率的影响,优化绿原酸转化为新绿原酸的工艺参数,得到模型预测公式。优化条件为:反应温度107℃,反应时间60 min,p H值为4.72时新绿原酸产率为64.20%,与模型预测值接近,方程拟合良好。采用优选工艺制备新绿原酸并精制纯化,分别运用HPLC、1H-NMR、13C-NMR、ESI-MS等方法对其进行含量测定和结构表征,结果表明纯化后纯度达98.78%,收率为87.37%。

Condition Optimization of Lipopeptide Production by Bacillus natto NT-6 in Solid-State Fermentation with Box-Behnken Design

Solid-state fermentation has certain advantages in improving the yield of lipopetide, Box-Behnken Design（BBD） was adopted to optimize the producing condition of the antibacterial lipopetide produced by Bacillus natto in this article. The optimal solid state fermentation conditions were obtained： 10 g solid medium（7 g of wheat bran, 3 g of soybean meal） with appropriate inorganic salt（glucose 0.67%,sodium glutamate 0.64%,（NH4）2SO40.15%, K2HPO40.10%）; moisture content 123.78%; inoculation amount 10%; cultivation temperature 36.75 ℃ and cultivation time 72.4 h. The maximum production of lipopetide is 61.76 mg/gds under such conditions. This is the first report on the optimization of lipopeptide fermentation conditions in solid-state fermentation by wheat bran and soybean meal with Bacillus natto NT-6 strain, and will contribute to the development of lipopetide production.

Optimization on Fermentation Conditions of Orange Vinegar by Box-behnken Design

The optimal process for orange vinegar was investigated in order to explore the effect of process parameters and obtain the superior process parameters.The process for orange vinegar was optimized using single-factor methodology and Box-behnken methodology, and the effect of process parameters was analyzed in the light of response surface plots. Results were as follows. The optimal process of alcohol fermentation was as follows： original sugar degree of 16%, yeast inoculum size of 5% and p H value of 3.5 through single-factor experiment. The optimal fermentation process of acetic acid optimized by response surface methodology was as follows： inoculum size of 8.52%, original alcohol content of 6.0% and p H value of 3.3, in the optimal condition the yield of acetic acid was 53.11 g/L. Single factor action and the interaction of two factors were presented on the yield of acetic acid.The effects of inoculum size and p H were extremely significant, and that of original alcohol content significant. The interaction of inoculum size and original alcohol content was non-significant, that of inoculum size and p H also non-significant. On contrast, original alcohol content and p H had significant interaction.

基于Box-Behnken Design设计优化白藜芦醇纳米混悬剂的制备工艺

目的优化白藜芦醇纳米混悬剂的最佳制备工艺。方法采用反溶剂沉淀法制备白藜芦醇纳米混悬剂,以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮PVPK 17 PF为助悬剂,泊洛沙姆F188为表面活性剂,以粒径及多分散指数为响应值,应用Box-Behnken Design响应面实验设计优化白藜芦醇纳米混悬剂的最佳处方,并采用桨法进行体外释放实验评价其药物释放特征。结果优化后的纳米混悬剂处方为:白藜芦醇的质量浓度为29.2 mg/mL,助悬剂PVP K17PF的质量分数为0.38%,表面活性剂Poloxmer 188质量浓度为3.63 mg/mL。所制备纳米混悬剂的粒径大小为145 nm左右,在1 h的累积释放接近80%,释放机制为扩散作用为主。结论将白藜芦醇制备成纳米混悬剂可以提高白藜芦醇的溶出度,为难溶性药物白藜芦醇的进一步开发奠定了基础。

Treatment of backwater in bauxite flotation plant and optimization by using Box-Behnken design

Flotation indexes gradually decrease with the increase of cycle time of the backwater in bauxite floatation,and discharge of backwater brings environmental risk.In this study,methods such as Fenton-oxidation,adsorption and coagulation were used in the treatment of backwater,the flotation indexes were checked after backwater treatments,and Box-Behnken design(BBD)was used in the optimization of the main operating parameters.The results reveal that flotation indexes are effectively improved after coagulation treatment by polyaluminum ferric chloride(PAFC).The optimum parameters predicted by BBD are pH 7.55,1.09 g/L PAFC dosage and temperature of 25℃.Under these optimum conditions,a maximum recovery of Al2O3 of 82.83%and a minimum A/S of 1.30 of tailings are gained,while the deviations are less than 3%from the predicted values.These findings encourage the application of BBD for the optimization of critical parameters in backwater treatment.

Application of Box-Behnken Design in Optimization of Allelopathic Effects of Potamogeton Pectinatus Against Microcystis Aeruginosa

Allelopathic effects of submerged macrophytes against algae are affected by many environmental factors which can only be measured one by one by traditional methods. Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology was used to optimize three environmental factors （temperature, light intensity and total dissolved solids） of allelopathic effects of Potarnogeton pectinatus against Microcystis aeruginosa at the same time. By solving the regression equation and analyzing the response surface contour plots, the optimal conditions of the relatively inhibitory rate of Microcystis aeruginosa were that the temperature was 23℃, the light intensity was 2 700 lx and the total dissolved solids were 4 415 mg/L. Under these conditions, the optimal value of relatively inhibitory rate of Microcystis aeruginosa was 81.9%. According to validation experiments, the results of analysis indicated that the experimental values fitted well with the predicted ones.

Optimization strategies for separation of sulfadiazines using Box-Behnken design by liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis

Development of effective chromatographic or electrophoretic separation involves judicious deciding of selection of optimal experimental conditions that can provide an adequate resolution at a reasonable run time for the separation of interested components. Box-Behnken factorial design was effectively applied for the separation optimization of eight structurally related sulfonamides using capillary zone electrophorosis and reverse high performance liquid chromatography. Optimum values for volume ratio of THF to H2O in eluent, column temperature and flow rate of eluent are found as 12 to 88, 35℃ and 1.0 mL/min, respectively. Box-Behnken modified optimization model is extended to separation by capillary electrophoresis (CE). While using CE, a satisfactory separation is achieved with a minimum resolution larger than 1.0 for a separation time less than 10 min.

Optimization of Cultivation Conditions for Exopolysaccharide and Mycelial Biomass by Clitocybe sp. Using Box-Behnken Design

Response surface (RSM) methodology based on a three-level three-factor Box-Behnkendesign of experiment was used to optimize the exopolysaccharide content (EPC) and themycelium biomass in submerged cultivation by Clitocybe sp. AS 5.112. The criticalfactors selected for the investigation were cultivation temperature, time and volume ofmedium, based on the results of previous Plackett-Burman design. By analyzing theresponse surface plots, the optimum ranges of cultivation temperature, time and mediumvolume for obtaining over 1 253.00gmL-1 of EPC lie in 24.325.8℃, 9.710.2d and 76.090.0mL, respectively. While for obtaining over 8.32 mg mL-1 of dry cell weight (DCW), theabove variables would be in the range of 23.824.8℃, 9.610.3d and 71.098.0mL,respectively. By solving the inverse matrix from the quadratic regression equations, theoptimal conditions to gain 1 265.45gmL-1 of EPC were 25.0℃, 9.9d and 83.4mL, to gain8.50mg mL-1 of DCW were 24.4℃, 9.9d and 87.1mL. In order to obtain the maximum yield ofEPC and DCW at the same time, the above conditions would be 24.5℃, 9.9d and 84.7mL,respectively, in this situation, the maximum predicted EPC and DCW were 1 261.60gmL-1and 8.47mgmL-1, respectively. The experimental data under various conditions have validatedthe theoretical values.

Modeling and optimization of methane dry reforming over Ni-Cu/Al_2O_3 catalyst using Box-Behnken design

In this work the effects of the contents of nickel （5, 7.5, 10 wt%） and copper （0, 1, 2 wt%） and reac- tion temperature （650, 700, 750 ℃） on the catalytic performance of Ni-Cu/Al_2O_3 catalyst in methane dry reforming were evaluated using Box-Behnken design in order to optimize methane conversion, H_2/CO ratio and the catalyst deactivation. Different catalysts were prepared by co-impregnation method and characterized by XRD, BET, H_2-TPR, FESEM and TG/DTA analyses. The results revealed that copper addi- tion improved the catalyst reducibility. Promoted catalyst with low amounts of Cu gave higher activity and stability with high resistance to coke deposition and agglomeration of active phase especially during the reaction. However catalysts with high amounts of Cu were less active and rather deactivated due to the active sites sintering as well as Ni covering by Cu-enriched phase. The optimal conditions were de- termined by desirability function approach as 10 wt% of Ni, 0.83 wt% of Cu at 750℃. CH_4 conversion of 95.1%, H_2/CO ratio of 1 and deactivation of 1.4% were obtained experimentally under optimum conditions, which were in close agreement with the values oredicted hv the developed model.

Optimization of DsbA Purification from Recombinant Escherichia coli Broth Using Box-Behnken Design Methodolog

Disulfide bond formation protein A （DsbA） is one of the important helper proteins for folding in protein synthesis in vivo. In this study, purification of recombinant DsbA was investigated by examining four important factors with Box-Behnken design method, a statistic-based design of experiments. The optimal operation conditions were obtained by adopting the effectiveness coefficient method on the multi-objective problem, which takes the protein recovery, purification efficiency and throughput of ion-exchange chromatography into account. After the optimization, protein recovery of 96.8% and purity higher than 95% DsbA was achieved, and the productivity was （377.9±1.7） mg soluble DsbA per liter broth. The purified protein was identified by peptide mass fingerprinting matching the record of gil2624856, a mutant of DsbA. The DsbA was preliminarily applied to the refolding of denatured lysozyme in vitro.

Optimization of the Electrospinning Conditions by Box-Behnken Design to Prepare Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)/Chitosan Crosslinked Nanofibers

Electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan nanofibers had their solution and process parameters optimized using a Box-Behnken design and desirability function. Four factors (applied voltage, flow rate, distance tip-to-plate and amount of chitosan) were varied to produce electrospun mats with a low fiber diameter. An empirical model was developed for each response using response surface methodology (RSM), which revealed that flow rate had no significant influence on the assessed responses. With desirability function, the optimal conditions to produce the nanofibers were applied voltage of 13.1 kV, 30% chitosan concentration and distance tip-to-plate of 10 cm. The fiber diameter and standard deviation were 196.5 ± 28.3 nm, compared to the predicted values of 185.9 ± 26.8 nm. The desirability function allied with Box-Benhken design proved themselves important tools to predict process parameters for the development of nanofibers. The mats were crosslinked with glutaraldehyde for 24 h and 48 h and presented good water stability and enhanced mechanical properties.

Box-Behnken Design响应面法优化银杏叶总黄酮柱层析纯化工艺

为得到质量分数较高的银杏叶总黄酮提取物,在单因素试验基础上,以上样质量浓度、乙醇体积分数、洗脱液接收体积和洗脱流速为考察因素,以银杏叶总黄酮质量分数、收率为考察指标,采用BBD(Box-Behnken Design)响应面法对银杏叶总黄酮柱层析纯化工艺进行优化。得到最佳工艺为上样质量浓度3.1 mg/mL,乙醇体积分数71%,洗脱液接收体积2 BV(BV为装柱体积)及洗脱流速2 BV/h。在最佳工艺条件下,完成三批验证实验,银杏叶总黄酮平均质量分数可达到35.77%,收率为93.30%,银杏总内酯质量分数达到《中国药典》标准。利用BBD响应面法优化银杏叶总黄酮柱层析纯化工艺是科学、合理、可行的,可为工业化大生产提供参考。

Design of the Control System of Toroidal Field (TF) Power Supply for J-TEXT Tokamak

J-TEXT, formerly TEXT-U at the University of Texas at Austin in USA, is a medium-sized tokamak at the Huazhong University of Science and Technology. The toroidal field （TF） power supply of this tokamak should provide a current of 160 kA and a flat duration of 500 ms for the toroidal field coils to generate a maximum toroidal field of 3 T at the geometric center of the vaccum vessel. This paper presents a design of a new control system which takes the real-time feedback control option for the TF power supply operation. The system was tested successfully during the commissioning. In the first experimental campaign of J-TEXT, the system effectively controlled the power supply to provide a fiat current up to 92.5 kA and therein the TF produced reached 1.74 T, which enabled the machine to generate the first plasma successfully.

生成式人工智能大模型在设计领域的应用

近些年来,随着ChatGPT,Midjourney,Stable Diffusion,Gemini等大模型的横空出世,生成式人工智能大模型取得了飞速发展,各行各业迎来了新一轮的技术变革。旨在探讨这一前沿技术在设计领域的应用,特别是在设计创新和创意产出方面的影响。首先,我们介绍了生成式人工智能大模型的基本原理,着重阐述其在文本生成、图像生成等任务上的成功应用。其次,我们深入研究了生成式人工智能大模型在设计领域的具体应用,主要包括服装设计、平面设计、漫画设计、机器人设计、工艺品设计、游戏设计等方面。此外,还探讨了生成式人工智能大模型在设计领域可能面临的挑战以及相应的解决策略。最后,我们强调了在设计领域使用生成式人工智能大模型的潜在益处,以及在设计过程中应扮演的角色。

《营造法式》大木作“缝”内涵考释(一):综述与文本

《营造法式》大木作各卷文本及图样皆有“缝”的记述与标记,对其进行归纳与分析,发现“缝”具有重要的构造设计内涵。本文首先整理学界已有相关注释与专述,归纳出关于“缝”的多类观点。通过对《营造法式》文本记述内容的考释,揭示出大木作“缝”的两类基本内涵,着重关注“缝”对空间形态与空间尺度的构造控制作用,及其构造设计性质。

基于AI图像生成技术的家具设计研究

简述了AI图像生成技术及其在家具设计中的应用优势,提出AI图像生成技术在家具设计中的一般流程。基于Stable Diffusion AI设计平台,依据“文本指令”进行家具设计尝试,以包豪斯风格家具设计实践来验证AI图像生成技术辅助生成家具设计效果图的高效性。研究表明:AI图像生成技术能合理运用于家具设计创意阶段,对缩短家具设计周期、提升家具设计质量具有实际意义。