Using model like hot air bloom with zero-weighted membrane wrapped hot air, surrounded by cold air, this paper sets up a partial differential equation (PDE) of motion of mushroom cloud by modifying Navier-Stokes (N-S)...Using model like hot air bloom with zero-weighted membrane wrapped hot air, surrounded by cold air, this paper sets up a partial differential equation (PDE) of motion of mushroom cloud by modifying Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations. The obtained equation is a vector PDE. It states that the derivative of velocity is with respect to time proportions to the gradient of temperature with respect to trace. Its solution is obtained by the method of separating variables for scalar function. These results have been compared with well agreement with literatures. Highlight: The Principle of Minimum Energy Release (PMER) is used to prove the pulse-mode of explosion of nuclear weapon, as great Earthquake, and optimum path problems.展开更多
Background:Orbital fractures are common injuries found in facial trauma.Typical etiologies of orbital fractures include motor vehicle collisions and assault.We report the case of a 32-year-old male who suffered an orb...Background:Orbital fractures are common injuries found in facial trauma.Typical etiologies of orbital fractures include motor vehicle collisions and assault.We report the case of a 32-year-old male who suffered an orbital fracture from a water balloon.Additionally,we describe the aeromedical complications that may result from this injury.Finally,we attempt to answer the question of when a patient may return to flying after sustaining such an injury through review of the literature.Case presentation:A 32-year-old male pilot with the United States Air Force was at an outdoor event with his unit when he was struck with a water balloon launched from a sling shot into his left orbit.Shortly afterwards,he had an onset of subcutaneous emphysema and was escorted to a nearby Emergency Department.Computed tomography identified an orbital fracture with associated orbital and subcutaneous emphysema.The patient was evaluated by a plastic surgeon and was determined not to be a surgical candidate.Four weeks later,he returned to flying status.Conclusions:Water balloons are thought to be safe and harmless toys.However,when coupled with sling shots,water balloons can become formidable projectiles capable of significant orbital injury including orbital fractures.These injuries are concerning to aviators,as the most common sites for fractures of the orbit are the thin ethmoid and maxillary bones adjacent to the sinuses.At altitude,gases in the sinuses may expand and enter the orbit through these fractures,which may suddenly incapacitate the flyer.It is important for flight surgeons to identify and assess these individuals to determine suitability for flying.展开更多
文摘Using model like hot air bloom with zero-weighted membrane wrapped hot air, surrounded by cold air, this paper sets up a partial differential equation (PDE) of motion of mushroom cloud by modifying Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations. The obtained equation is a vector PDE. It states that the derivative of velocity is with respect to time proportions to the gradient of temperature with respect to trace. Its solution is obtained by the method of separating variables for scalar function. These results have been compared with well agreement with literatures. Highlight: The Principle of Minimum Energy Release (PMER) is used to prove the pulse-mode of explosion of nuclear weapon, as great Earthquake, and optimum path problems.
文摘Background:Orbital fractures are common injuries found in facial trauma.Typical etiologies of orbital fractures include motor vehicle collisions and assault.We report the case of a 32-year-old male who suffered an orbital fracture from a water balloon.Additionally,we describe the aeromedical complications that may result from this injury.Finally,we attempt to answer the question of when a patient may return to flying after sustaining such an injury through review of the literature.Case presentation:A 32-year-old male pilot with the United States Air Force was at an outdoor event with his unit when he was struck with a water balloon launched from a sling shot into his left orbit.Shortly afterwards,he had an onset of subcutaneous emphysema and was escorted to a nearby Emergency Department.Computed tomography identified an orbital fracture with associated orbital and subcutaneous emphysema.The patient was evaluated by a plastic surgeon and was determined not to be a surgical candidate.Four weeks later,he returned to flying status.Conclusions:Water balloons are thought to be safe and harmless toys.However,when coupled with sling shots,water balloons can become formidable projectiles capable of significant orbital injury including orbital fractures.These injuries are concerning to aviators,as the most common sites for fractures of the orbit are the thin ethmoid and maxillary bones adjacent to the sinuses.At altitude,gases in the sinuses may expand and enter the orbit through these fractures,which may suddenly incapacitate the flyer.It is important for flight surgeons to identify and assess these individuals to determine suitability for flying.
