A high-surface-area silicoaluminophosphate material rich in Brnsted acid sites as a matrix in catalytic cracking

A transparent gel-like mesoporous silicoaluminophosphate material （SAP） with molar ratio of Si/Al = 20 was synthesized by hydrothermal method. The physicochemical features of SAP were characterized by XRD, XRF, BET, SEM and FT-IR spectroscopy of pyridine adsorption techniques. The results indicated that incorporation of phosphorus （P） into aluminasilica system altered the basic textural characteristics of aluminasilica. Especially after hydrothermal treatment, the material with large special surface area （up to 492 m2/g） exhibited a good performance on hydrothermal stability. Moreover, the phosphorus modifier can not only increase the amount of Br／＂{o}nsted acidic sites （up to 48.44 μmol/g） and the percentage of weak acidic sites in total acidic sites, but also regulate the acid type, such as the ratio of B/L （Lewis acid/Br？nsted acid） increased to 1.15. The performances of samples as matrices for the catalytic cracking of heavy VGO were investigated. At 520 ℃, the catalysts showed much higher gasoline and diesel oil yields achieving to 45.59 wt% and 19.20 wt%, respectively, and lower coke selectivity （2.86%） than conventional FCC matrices, such as kaolin and amorphous silica-alumina.

The effect of FER zeolite acid sites in methanol-to-dimethyl-ether catalytic dehydration

In this paper, the effect of acidity of zeolites with FER framework was studied in the methanol dehydration to dimethyl ether reaction, by comparing catalysts with different Si/Al ratios(namely 8, 30 and60). The aim of this work was to investigate how the acid sites concentration, strength, distribution and typology(Br?nsted and Lewis) affect methanol conversion, DME selectivity and coke formation. It was found that the aluminium content affects slightly acid sites strength whilst a relevant effect on acid sites concentration and distribution(Br?nsted/Lewis) was observed as 24% of Lewis sites were found on Alrichest samples, whilst less than 10% of Lewis acid sites were observed on FER at higher Si/Al ratio. All the investigated catalyst samples showed a selectivity toward DME always greater than 0.9 and samples with the lowest Si/Al ratio exhibit the best performances in terms of methanol conversion, approaching the theoretical equilibrium value(around 0.85) at temperatures below 200 °C. Turnover-frequency analysis suggests that this result seems to be related not only to the higher amount of acid sites but also that the presence of Lewis acid sites may play a significant role in converting methanol. On the other hand, the presence of Lewis acid sites, combined with a high acidity, promote the formation of by-products(mainly methane) and coke deposition during the reaction. As final evidence, all the investigated catalysts exhibit very high resistance to deactivation by coke deposition, over 60 h continuous test, and a GC–MS analysis of the coke deposited on the catalyst surface reveals tetra-methyl benzene as main component.

Effects of Multiple Soil Conditioners on a Mine Site Acid Sulfate Soil for Vetiver Growth

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of various soil treatments on the growth of vetiver grass ( Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash) with the objective of formulating appropriate soil media for use in sulfide-bearing mined areas. An acidic mine site acid sulfate soil (pH 2.8) was treated with different soil conditioner formula including hydrated lime, red mud (bauxite residues), zeolitic rock powder, biosolids and a compound fertilizer. Soils treated with red mud and hydrated lime corrected soil acidity and reduced or eliminated metal toxicity enabling the establishment of vetiver grass.Although over-liming affected growth, some seedlings of vetiver survived the initial strong alkaline conditions. Addition of appropriate amounts of zeolitic rock powder also enhanced growth, but over-application caused detrimental effects. In this experiment, soil medium with the best growth performance of vetiver was 50 g of red mud, 10 g of lime, 30 g of zeolitic rock powder and 30 g of biosolids with 2000 g of mine soils (100% survival rate with the greatest biomass and number of new shoots), but adding a chemical fertilizer to this media adversely impacted plant growth. In addition, a high application rate of biosolids resulted in poorer growth of vetiver, compared to a moderate application rate.

Synergistic interaction of metal–acid sites for phenol hydrodeoxygenation over bifunctional Ag/TiO_2 nanocatalyst

The use of silver metal for hydrodeoxygenation(HDO) applications is scarce and different studies have indicated of its varying HDO activity. Several computational studies have reported of silver having almost zero turnover frequency for HDO owing to its high C\\O bond breaking energy barrier and low carbon and oxygen binding energies.Herein this work, titania supported silver catalysts were synthesized and firstly used to examine its phenol HDO activity via experimental reaction runs. BET, XRD, FESEM, TEM, EDX, ICP–OES, Pyridine-FTIR, NH_3-TPD and H_2-TPD analyses were done to investigate its physicochemical properties. Phenomena of hydrogen spillover and metal–acid site synergy were examined in this study. With the aid of TiO_2 reducible support, hydrogen spillover and metal–acid site interactions were observed to a certain extent but were not as superior as other Pt, Pd, Ni-based catalysts used in other HDO studies. The experimental findings showed that Ag/TiO_2 catalyst has mediocre phenol conversion but high benzene selectivity which confirms the explanation from other computational studies.

Competition between acidic sites and hydrogenation sites in Cu/ZrO_(2) catalysts with different crystal phases for conversion of biomass-derived organics

Oxides with different crystal phases can have important effects on the configuration of surface atoms,which can further affect the distribution of hydrogenation sites and acidic sites as well as the competitions of these varied types of catalytic sites.This could be potentially used to tailor the distribution of the products.In this study,zirconium oxides with different crystal phases supported copper catalysts were prepared for the hydrogenation of the biomass-derived furfural,vanillin,etc.The results showed that both calcination temperature and Cu species affected the shift of zirconia from tetragonal phase to the monoclinic phase.Monoclinic zirconia supported copper catalyst can effectively catalyze the hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol via hydrogenation route due to its low amount of Brønsted acidic sites,although the surface area and the exposed metallic Cu surface area were much lower than the tetragonal zirconia supported copper catalyst.Zirconia with tetragonal or tetragonal/monoclinic phases supported copper catalysts contain abundant acidic sites and especially the Br?nsted acidic sites,which catalyzed mainly the conversion of furfural via the acid-catalyzed routes such as the acetalization,rather than the hydrogenation.The acidic sites over the Cu/ZrO_(2)catalyst played more predominant roles than the hydrogenation sites in determining the conversion of the organics like furfural and vanillin.

Unraveling the electrocatalytically active sites and stability of Co&Co oxides on nanocarbon for oxygen evolution reaction in acid solution

The oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in acid solution is a significant challenge for non-precious metal electrocatalysts based on the transition metals although they have shown good OER performance in alkaline solution.In this study,we synthesized the electrocatalysts containing two or three Co species(Co,CoO and Co3O4)nanoparticles on porous graphitic carbon(PGC)nanosheets which were prepared by a facile and low-cost synthesis where Co(NO3)2•6H2O and glucose were pyrolyzed in the presence of sodium chloride template.The Co3O4-dominated catalyst as-prepared,Co3O4/PGC,is OER active in acid solution(1.74 V at a current density of 10 mA cm^−2).We identified the OER active sites in the catalyst to be the Co3O4 nanoparticles rather than carbon-coated Co.Through comparative studies of the varied catalysts,we also proved that Co3O4 is catalytically more active than Co and CoO.The Co3O4/PGC catalyst,however,lost almost of all its activity after 100 voltammetric cycles in the 1.2-1.8 V voltage window.When the catalyst stability was examined potentiostatically at different potentials,the catalyst showed good stability at 1.4 V.The stability study also revealed the mechanism of the catalyst instability in acid was caused by Co3O4 reduction below 1.4 V and by Co3O4 oxidation above 1.4 V.1.4 V is therefore a unique potential where Co3O4 nanoparticles are neither oxidized nor reduced to be susceptible to acid dissolution.

Surface BrØnsted-Lewis dual acid sites for high-efficiency dinitrogen photofixation in pure water

As is known to all, nitrogen not only plays an important role in the industrial development of human society but also plays an important part in the proteins that constitute the essence of life[1]. In 1910, the Haber-Bosch process was first used to synthesize ammonia.

Benzene Monitoring and S-Phenylmercapturic Acid Determination of Workers at Oil Sites in Congo-Brazzaville

The toxicity of benzene is well known, and its leukemia effect has established. It is a natural constituent of crude oil and the diseases related to its exposure are recognized as occupational diseases. Objective: To assess occupational exposure of benzene to workers in an oil and gas production company. Materials and Methods: Firstly, it was a descriptive, cross-sectional study which consisted of benzene atmospheric quantification in a sample individual measurement of a homogeneous exposure group of workers. Secondly, urinary assays of S-phenylmercapturic acid have been performed at the end of the shift in the selected workers. Results: The study has included 79 (47.88%) workers, 17 atmospheric samples were usable and 79 urinary assays at the end of the shift were performed. The average benzene concentration for all sites was 10 times lower than the regulatory average exposure value (1 ppm = 3.2 mg/m3): average: 0.122 pp, median: 0.053 ppm and range: 0.019 - 1.448 ppm. All 79 urinary assays of S-phenylmercapturic acid with a biological exposure index of less than 25 μg/g creatinine: mean: 0.70 μg/g creatinine, median: 0.52 μg/g creatinine and extends: 0.23 to 6.7 μg/g creatinine. Conclusion: Exposure was below to the limit value for benzene in both atmospheric metrology and biometrology. Therefore it is an occupational group with low exposure to benzene. Thus, the medical supervision will be adapted according to the potentially exposing tasks.

EFFECTS OF SP1 SITE TO hTERT PROMOTER ACTIVITY AND ITS RESPONSE TO RETINOID ACID

Objective To investigate the junction of Sp1 consensus sites to human telomerase reverse tran-scriptase (hTERT) promoter in different cell lines and in TRA-treated Hela cell. Methods Different length ofhTERT promoter was cloned and inserted into pGL3/basic reporter plasmid. The last four Sp1 sites were deleted byPCR and pGL3B/TRTP413Δ reporter plasmid was constructed. All reporter plasmids were transiently transfected in-to 293, A549, Hela and HepG2 cell lines. 48 h after transfection, luciferase activity was analyzed. hTERT promoteractivity of Hela cell which was treated with trans-retinoid acid (TRA) was tested too. Total RNA of these cells wereextracted and reverse transcript. hTERT mRNA level was analyzed in all tested cells. c-Myc and Sp1 expression wereexamined in Hela cell before and after TRA treatment. U937 was used as a positive control in TRA treatment.Results hTERT was expressed at different level in all tested cell lines. 207bp promoter upstream of transcriptionstart site maintained complete activity. Deletion of last 4 Sp1l sites greatly decreased activity of hTERT promoter, andalmost eliminated its activity in HepG2. TRA increased the activity of different length hTERT promoters in Hela cell,but the activity of Sp1 site-deleted promoter decreased by 3 times. Unlike U937 cell, hTERT expression of Hela cellincreased after TRA treatment, and c-Myc and Sp1 mRNA level were relatively stable. Conclusion Sp1 site wasrequired for transactivation of hTERT promoter and played an important role during TRA treatment.

SSZ-13分子筛在二甲醚羰基化反应中的机理研究和空间限域效应

乙醇作为一种绿色清洁的燃料替代品和油品添加剂,在全球有广泛的市场需求.利用合成气经乙酸甲酯(MA)合成乙醇的工艺路线,因其原子经济性、产品选择性高、反应条件温和等优势而备受关注.其中,二甲醚(DME)羰基化是该路线的关键步骤之一.研究证实,具有8元环(8-MR)孔道结构的硅铝酸盐微孔分子筛可以在较低的反应温度下高选择性催化二甲醚羰基化反应.目前,研究者已经对丝光沸石(MOR)、镁碱沸石(FER)等分子筛进行了全面深入的分析,但对SSZ-13等菱沸石(CHA型)的研究有限,缺乏SSZ-13上主、副反应催化机理的阐释,并且忽略了沸石独特的笼状结构在反应中的空间限域效应.本文结合实验和理论计算确定了SSZ-13分子筛催化DME羰基化的活性位点,并探究了孔道的限域效应.通过负载具有不同尺寸的Na^(+)和Cs^(+)实现了对不同通道中Brönsted酸位点(BAS)的选择性屏蔽.酸性质表征和密度泛函理论(DFT)计算结果表明,在较低的负载量下,Na^(+)优先取代SSZ-13的6元环(6-MR)中的BAS,而Cs^(+)由于其较大的离子半径只能与8-MR中的BAS发生交换,从而实现了对SSZ-13不同孔道中酸分布的调控.负载不同金属量以及金属种类的样品活性研究表明,当6-MR中BAS减少时,DME转化率基本不变;而当8-MR中BAS被离子交换时,DME转化率明显下降.随后,将未经金属改性的、具有不同硅铝比的母体SSZ-13样品的MA生成速率与其8-MR中BAS的数量相关联,发现两者呈较好的线性关系,说明SSZ-13的8-MR中BAS为DME羰基化的活性中心.同时,DFT计算了DME在不同孔道BAS上的解离能,结果表明DME更容易在8-MR的BAS上解离从而进行后续反应.随后,探究了SSZ-13笼的空间限域效应对主副反应的影响机制.通过比较金属负载量相近的Na/H-SSZ-13和Cs/H-SSZ-13上CO插入甲氧基形成烯酮的反应势垒,证实了较大尺寸金属离子的引入增加了主反应速控步的能垒.为了揭示空间限域对副反应的影响,比较了反应后催化剂的热重、气质联用等表征结果,并利用密度泛函理论计算了副反应的关键物种(七甲基苯正离子)在Na/H-SSZ-13和Cs/H-SSZ-13上的吸附能,证实了SSZ-13的笼状结构体积是影响MA选择性的关键因素.金属负载后SSZ-13笼空间减少,可以有效地抑制副反应关键物种的形成,从而提高主反应选择性.综上,本文不仅对SSZ-13分子筛催化二甲醚羰基化反应机理进行了全面解析,并通过实验设计,改变了SSZ-13分子筛的孔道结构和笼结构空间,突出了分子筛限域效应在二甲醚羰基化反应中的重要作用.本文研究结果为设计具有较高选择性的沸石催化剂提供一定的参考.

V-MoO_(x)对FeTiO_(x)/TiO_(2)催化剂上NH_(3)-SCR反应活性的影响

氮氧化物(NO_(x))是当前重要的大气污染物之一,其主要治理技术有选择性催化还原(SCR)、吸附法等,其中前者应用最为广泛。随着中低温SCR脱硝技术在钢铁、水泥、垃圾焚烧等行业的应用,NO_(x)排放得到有效控制。催化剂是SCR技术的核心,以FeTiO_(x)/TiO_(2)催化材料为主要研究对象,考察该催化剂及负载V_(2)O_(5)和MoO_(3)后的V-Mo/FeTiO_(x)/TiO_(2)催化剂的SCR性能,通过多项表征技术研究催化剂结构与性能的关系,为脱硝催化剂性能优化提供参考。结果表明:V-Mo/FeTiO_(x)/TiO_(2)催化剂因其较好的氧化还原性能、较多的弱酸性位点,在200-400℃范围内具有较高的催化活性;催化剂吸附NH_(3)前后的IR结果表明,负载钒钼后的催化剂L酸位点和B酸位点强度均高于负载前的催化剂,吸附NO_(2)前后的IR结果表明FeTiO_(x)/TiO_(2)催化剂表面的活性位点被大量硝酸盐物种覆盖。

分子筛负载型催化剂在加氢反应中的应用研究进展

催化加氢反应是合成高附加值精细化学品的重要方法之一。加氢反应催化剂多以金属负载型催化剂为主,常用的载体主要为金属或非金属氧化物。然而受传统金属负载和掺杂方式的限制,金属负载型催化剂中活性金属的落位和粒径分布一直缺乏有效的调控手段,极大限制了该类催化剂的应用。分子筛因其独特的孔道结构、适宜的酸性、可控的孔径和表面性质常被作为载体用于催化加氢反应。在这类反应中,分子筛既可以作为载体负载活性金属,也可以作为酸性催化剂适度参与反应,表现出优异的催化加氢活性和反应稳定性。详细总结了近年来以分子筛为载体的双功能催化剂在催化加氢反应中的最新研究进展,并重点介绍了分子筛的孔道结构调控、活性金属负载方式以及加氢反应类型变化对加氢反应的影响。

沸石合成后酸位点调控策略及其在VOCs催化氧化中应用进展

挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)是一种常见的工业排放污染源,对人体健康、生态系统有着极强的毒害性。催化氧化是一种节能高效的VOCs去除方法,其关键在于催化剂设计和开发。沸石中酸位点能降低VOCs氧化反应活化能,有效催化VOCs氧化降解,但原始沸石的催化性能无法满足VOCs催化需求。通过合成后调控策略,可使沸石中酸位点密度更高,使其分布更有利于VOC分子和催化位点的接触,从而令沸石催化剂具有更加优异的催化性能。本文首先介绍了沸石中酸位点的形成和酸位点密度、类型的表征技术,之后着重介绍了沸石合成后酸位点的调控策略,包括骨架改性和内外表面改性等,最后列举了通过调控策略得到的沸石催化剂对VOCs的催化性能。在以上内容的基础上,展望了沸石合成后酸位点调控策略未来的研究方向,对推动沸石催化剂应用于工业VOCs高效催化氧化有重要意义。

亚麻酸甘油酯异构体形成动力学及不同酰化位置对热致异构体差异比较

研究亚麻酸甘油三酯在加热时反式亚麻酸形成的动力学的差异以及亚麻酸在甘油酯不同酰化位置对热致异构反式产物种类影响。采用GC-FID分析亚麻酸反式异构体,发现亚麻酸甘油三酯中有7种反式异构体生成,亚麻籽油有6种反式异构体生成,该反应为零级反应。对比亚麻酸甘油三酯和亚麻籽油的动力学参数:在亚麻酸甘油三酯和亚麻籽油中,C18:3-9t,12c,15c、C18:3-9c,12t,15c和C18:3-9c,12c,15t形成的活化能分别为79.39、106.49、82.33 kJ/mol和86.04、115.84、102.85 kJ/mol;C18:3-9t,12c,15t和C18:3-9t,12t,15c分别为180.57、233.55 kJ/mol和164.36、165.38 kJ/mol;C18:3-9t,12t,15t分别为211.79 kJ/mol和140.30 kJ/mol。对比monolinolenin、dilinolenin、1,3-dilinolenin的异构体种类含量可知,Sn-1和2位比Sn-1和3位更稳定;Sn-1位比Sn-1和3位还有Sn-1和2位更稳定。因此,亚麻酸甘油三酯基本比亚麻籽油跨越的能垒高;对于酰化位置,Sn-1和2位比Sn-1和3位更稳定,Sn-1位比Sn-1和3位还有Sn-1和2位更稳定。

固体核磁共振在氟化铝催化剂研究中的应用进展

氢氟烯烃(HFOs)作为重要的精细化工中间体,其制备关系着我国在应对全球气候变暖、优化能源结构方面的重大战略需求。高比表面积的AlF_(3)因其环境友好、耐HF特性和丰富的酸性中心成为绿色合成HFOs路径的核心催化剂,然而追求高比表面积的同时也为其物理化学特性的研究带来挑战。固体核磁共振(ssNMR)是鉴定材料组成结构、阐释材料合成机理、辨别酸性特征的强有力工具。通过总结近年来利用多种先进的多维多核固体核磁技术如^(27)Al、^(19)F、^(1)H、^(13)C等在高比表面积AlF_(3)的组成结构、合成机理以及酸性位点识别和定量上的杰出工作,系统剖析AlF_(3)催化剂的理化性能,这将为优异性能AlF_(3)的合成提供一定的理论指导。

低成本季铵盐类多孔材料的合成及氨气吸附性能

氨气是雾霾的主要污染源之一,开发高效的氨气吸附材料是一种有效的防治方法.本文选用4,4′-联吡啶、α,α′-二溴-对二甲苯和1,2,4,5-四(溴甲基)苯作为构筑单元,利用无需催化剂且操作简便的季铵化反应,原位合成了具有路易斯酸活性位点的多孔材料PAF-C1和PAF-C2.得益于骨架中路易斯酸位点的存在,这两种材料均具有良好的氨气吸附性能.其中,PAF-C2骨架中含有更多的路易斯酸位点,因此具备更优异的氨气吸附性能,在298 K和1×10^(5)Pa条件下其氨气吸附量可达5.5 mmol/g.此外,探究了材料的合成条件(温度、溶剂和保护气体)、原料用量及合成方式的影响.结果表明,以上不同反应条件制备的材料均保持优良的氨气吸附性能,从而使实现工业化合成高效氨气吸附材料成为可能.

颗粒活性炭活化过硫酸钠降解水中酸性橙

该文以偶氮染料酸性橙7(AO7)为目标污染物,研究颗粒活性炭(GAC)活化过硫酸钠(PS)降解水中AO7的效能和机理。通过研究GAC含量、PS浓度及p H对AO7降解的影响,发现当GAC为0.4 g/L、PS/AO7摩尔比=15∶1、150 min时,AO7的去除率可达到96.1%。在pH为3~9的条件下,AO7的去除均能达到较好的效果。猝灭实验结果表明,除了·OH、SO_(4)^(-),体系中的单线态氧及表面结合SO_(4)^(-)也参与了AO7的降解。XPS分析结果表明,C-O及π^(*)键可能作为活性位点参与PS活化产生活性物种对AO7进行降解。

Alternative splicing of the PECTINESTERASE gene encoding a cell wall-degrading enzyme affects postharvest softening in grape

The firmness of table grape berries is a crucial quality parameter. Despite extensive research on postharvest fruit softening, its precise molecular mechanisms remain elusive. To enhance our comprehension of the underlying molecular factors, we initially identified differentially expressed genes(DEGs) by comparing the transcriptomes of folic acid(FA)-treated and water-treated(CK) berries at different time points. We then analyzed the sequences to detect alternatively spliced(AS) genes associated with postharvest softening. A total of 2,559 DEGs were identified and categorized into four subclusters based on their expression patterns, with subcluster-4 genes exhibiting higher expression in the CK group compared with the FA treatment group. There were 1,045 AS-associated genes specific to FA-treated berries and 1,042 in the CK-treated berries, respectively. Gene Ontology(GO) annotation indicated that the AS-associated genes in CK-treated berries were predominantly enriched in cell wall metabolic processes,particularly cell wall degradation processes. Through a comparison between treatment-associated AS genes and subcluster-4 DEGs, we identified eight genes, including Pectinesterase 2(VvPE2, Vitvi15g00704), which encodes a cell wall-degrading enzyme and was predicted to undergo an A3SS event. The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction further confirmed the presence of a truncated transcript variant of VvPE2 in the FA-treated berries.Our study provides a comprehensive analysis of AS events in postharvest grape berries using transcriptome sequencing and underscores the pivotal role of VvPE2 during the postharvest storage of grape berries.

ZSM-5分子筛对典型涂装VOCs的吸附性能及机理研究

通过水热法成功合成了一系列宽硅铝比(50、100、150、300、500、800、1500、3000)的ZSM-5分子筛,旨在研究其对涂装行业典型挥发性有机物(volatile organic compounds,VOCs)的吸附规律。同时,结合分子筛表面的酸性位点,以解析硅铝比对分子筛吸附性能的影响机制。实验结果表明,丙酮的吸附能力主要受自身极性、支链结构和分子筛表面酸位点的影响。而乙酸丁酯、苯乙烯、对二甲苯、苯、甲苯的吸附性能会同时受到自身的分子量、分子直径、极性、分子结构和官能团的影响,分子量和分子直径大、极性强且具有支链结构的VOCs更容易被ZSM-5分子筛吸附。这6种VOCs中,ZSM-5分子筛对丙酮的吸附效果最好,硅铝比对其吸附性能的影响也最大。这是因为丙酮比其他VOCs更容易吸附在Lewis酸位点上,硅铝比的改变会影响酸位点的数量。低硅铝比的分子筛由于具有较多的酸位点,更适用于丙酮的吸附。

红外光谱表征酸碱中心在石油炼制与化工催化剂研究中的应用

石油炼制与化工领域工艺过程主要为酸催化反应,少数为碱催化反应,因此催化材料的酸性和碱性中心的全方位认识对工艺过程优化和催化剂性能提升具有重要意义,红外光谱是催化剂酸碱性的重要表征手段。简要概述了固体酸碱的基本概念以及分类,介绍了红外光谱表征催化剂酸碱中心的基本原理和优势,总结了探针分子红外光谱表征的实用经验和参考数据,结合研发实例阐述了红外光谱在炼油化工催化领域中催化剂酸性中心和碱性中心表征中的应用和支撑作用,吡啶和CO是表征酸性中心最常用的探针,在催化裂化、催化裂解、催化加氢等催化剂表征中有着广泛的应用,以吡咯和CO_(2)为代表的探针在石油化工行业催化剂碱性表征方面的应用较少。随着石油化工领域产业升级以及低碳绿色化转型发展,红外光谱表征技术的应用面临新的挑战。