Hemodynamic instability following intravenous dexmedetomidine infusion for sedation under brachial plexus block: Two case reports

BACKGROUND Dexmedetomidine(DMED)is frequently used as a sedative in several medical fields.The benefits of DMED include enhanced quality of regional anesthesia,prolonged analgesia,and postoperative opioid-sparing when administered intravenously or perineurally in combination with regional anesthesia.Severe hemodynamic complications,such as profound bradycardia and hypotension,can occur after DMED administration in critically ill patients or overdosage;however,there are few reports of complications with DMED administration following brachial plexus block(BPB).CASE SUMMARY We present two cases of hemodynamic instability that occurred following the initial loading of DMED under supraclavicular BPB.A healthy 29-year-old man without any medical history showed profound bradycardia after receiving a loading dose of DMED 0.9μg/kg for 9 min.DMED administration was promptly stopped,and after receiving a second dose of atropine,the heart rate recovered.A 62-year-old woman with a history of cardiomyopathy became hypotensive abruptly,requiring the administration of inotrope and vasopressors after receiving a reduced loading dose of 0.5μg/kg for 10 min.Half of the recommended loading dose of DMED was administered due to the underlying heart dysfunction.Decrea-sed blood pressure was maintained despite the intravenous administration of ephedrine.With continuous infusion of dopamine and norepinephrine,the vital signs were maintained within normal ranges.Inotropic and vasopressor support was required for over 6 h after the initial loading dose of DMED.CONCLUSION DMED administration following BPB could trigger hemodynamic instability in patients with decreased cardiac function as well as in healthy individuals.

Clinical application of ultrasound-guided selective proximal and distal brachial plexus block in rapid rehabilitation surgery for hand trauma

BACKGROUND Anesthesia plays an essential role in the successful surgical procedures for hand trauma.Compared with general anesthesia,brachial plexus block shows lots of benefits for the upper extremity.Specifically,ultrasound-guided selective proximal and distal brachial plexus block may overcome the issues of incomplete block and failure of anesthesia in such circumstances.The present study assessed the efficacy of ultrasound-guided selective proximal and distal brachial plexus block in clinical practice.AIM To explore the efficacy of ultrasound-guided selective proximal and distal brachial plexus block in rapid recovery surgery for hand trauma.METHODS A total of 68 patients with traumatic hand injuries treated at our hospital from January 2018 to June 2019 were selected.They were divided into an observation group and a control group with 34 patients in each group.The observation group underwent selective brachial plexus block guided by ultrasound and the control group underwent conventional brachial plexus block.The analgesic efficacy,intraoperative complications,wound healing time,and length of hospital stay were compared between the two groups under different anesthesia.RESULTS The percentage of cases with analgesia graded as“excellent or very good”was higher in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).Moreover,the incidence of intraoperative complications was lower and the wound healing time and length of hospital stay were shorter in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Ultrasound-guided selective proximal and distal brachial plexus block has remarkable analgesic efficacy in patients with traumatic hand injuries.It can reduce the incidence of intraoperative complications,promote wound healing,and shorten the length of hospital stay.

Comparison of Patient Satisfaction between Brachial Plexus Block (Axillary Approach) and General Anesthesia for Surgical Treatment of Distal Radius Fractures: A Historical Cohort Study

Background: Distal radius fracture surgery is performed under general (GA) or regional anesthesia with brachial plexus block (NB). Whether anesthesia type affects patient outcomes is unclear. This study retrospectively compared patient satisfaction between GA and NB after surgery. Methods: This was a historical cohort study of 80 (34 GA and 46 NB) patients who underwent volar plate fixation of distal radius fractures. Propensity score analysis was used to generate a set of matched cases (NB) and controls (GA), yielding 14 matched patient-pairs. The simplified patient satisfaction scale was compared for primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes were anesthesia and surgery duration, hospital stay length, adverse events, postoperative analgesic requirement, and wrist range of motion (ROM) 2 weeks and 3 months postoperatively. Results: After propensity score matching, patients in almost all cases in both groups were “Satisfied” (effect size: 0.1, p = 0.572), indicating little significant difference. Significant differences in adverse events and postoperative analgesic use observed before matching disappeared after matching. Anesthesia duration and hospital stay length were significantly shorter in the NB group (effect size: -1.27 and -0.77, p = 0.00074 and p = 0.0388, respectively), as was surgery duration (effect size: -0.84, p = 0.0122) after matching. Similar to before matching, wrist ROM significantly improved in the NB group (effect size: 1.11, p = 0.0279) in the early postoperative period, but the difference disappeared at 3 months postoperatively. Conclusions: Patient satisfaction between distal radius fracture surgery under GA and NB was similar. Nerve block could help shorten hospital stay length and surgery duration and improve postoperative functional recovery.

Comparing the Efficacy of Dexmedetomidine When Used as an Adjuvant to Bupivacaine in Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Blocks under Ultrasound-Guided

Background: Ultrasound-guided for regional anesthesia offers many potential benefits in the emergency setting. Analgesia can be explicitly targeted to the region of pain and provide relief for many hours and decrease needing to the large volume of local anesthetic. The aim of the work: Comparing the efficacy of dexmedetomidine when used as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus blocks on the onset of sensory, motor blockade and postoperative analgesia. Patients and methods: This prospective, randomized, single-blind clinical study conducted on 60 patients underwent upper limb surgery done by ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block;these patients allocated into two equal groups: Group I (control) received 20 ccs (19 cc bupivacaine 0.5% + 1 cc saline), Group II received 20 cc (19 cc bupivacaine 0.5% + 1 cc volume of Dexmedetomidine 1 ug/kg). Results: Demographic data and surgical characteristics were comparable in both groups. The onset times for sensory and motor blocks were significantly shorter in Group II than Group I (P Conclusion: We recommend adding Dexmedetomidine to local anesthetics in peripheral nerve blocks to take advantage of the prolonged time of both sensory and motor blocks and prolonged postoperative analgesia.

Combined thoracic paravertebral block and interscalene brachial plexus block for modified radical mastectomy:A case report

BACKGROUND Modified radical mastectomy(MRM)is the most common surgical treatment for breast cancer.General anesthesia poses a challenge in fragile MRM patients,including cardiovascular instability,insufficient postoperative pain control,nausea and vomiting.Thoracic paravertebral block(TPVB)is adequate for simple mastectomy,but its combination with interscalene brachial plexus block(IBPB)has not yet been proved to be an effective anesthesia method for MRM.CASE SUMMARY We describe our experience of anesthesia and pain management in 10 patients with multiple comorbidities.An ultrasound-guided TPVB was placed at T2-T3 and T5-T6,and combined with IBPB,with administration of 10,15 and 5 mL of 0.5%ropivacaine,respectively.A satisfactory anesthetic effect was proved by the absence of ipsilateral tactile sensation within 30 min.Propofol 3 mg/kg/h and oxygen supplementation via a nasal cannula were administered during surgery.None of the patients required additional narcotics,vasopressors,or conversion to general anesthesia.The maximum pain score was 2 on an 11-point numerical rating scale.Two patients required one dose of celecoxib 8 h postoperatively and none reported nausea or emesis.CONCLUSION This case series demonstrated that combined two-site TPVB and small-volume IBPB with sedation can be used as an alternative anesthetic modality for MRM,providing good postoperative analgesia.

Clinical Observation on Brachial Plexus Block with “One Injection Two Points” Method Guiding by Ultrasound

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical effect of brachial plexus block with "One Injection Two Points" guided under ultrasound and the conventional method guiding by ultrasound. METHODS: 70 patients were randomized evenly into 2 groups, with 35 patients in each group, while the Experiment Group(Group B) received One Injection Two Points" method, the Control Group(Group A) received the conventional method.The nerve block every 5 s, the success rate of anesthesia, the dosage of local anesthetics, second remedial anesthesia, adverse reactions, etc.were recorded. RESULTS: Group B was superior to group A in the success rate of anesthesia; There were 6 patients in group A who required constant pump injection of Remifentanil to remedy, while no patients in Group B needed remedy treatment. There were no serious adverse reactions in both groups.CONCLUSIONS: The clinical effect of brachial plexus block with "One Injection Two Points" method guided under ultrasoundguiding by ultrasound was superior to that of the conventional method.

连续臂丛阻滞镇痛的抗交感效应对预防断指再植术后血管危象的研究

目的 评价连续臂丛阻滞(continuous brachial plexus blocks, CBPB)的抗交感、扩血管效应对断指再植术后血管危象的预防作用。方法 2023年1月~2023年12月行断指再植术的病人60例,采用抽签分组法分为对照组(30例,40指,静脉自控镇痛)和研究组(30例,44指,连续臂丛阻滞镇痛)。比较两组断指再植术后即刻、24小时及48小时再植手指皮温及患肢肱动脉血流动力学参数、血管危象的发病率。结果 研究组术后24小时及48小时皮温分别为(31.29±2.14)℃和(32.16±2.34)℃,均显著高于对照组的(28.93±1.98)℃和(30.03±2.52)℃,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);肱动脉血流动力学指标方面,研究组术后24小时和48小时的收缩期峰速度分别为(91.45±.32.13)cm/s、(90.34±.30.86)cm/s,舒张末期速度分别为(20.87±9.95)cm/s、(21.35±9.74)cm/s,平均速度分别为(38.63±12.53)cm/s、(40.53±13.30)cm/s,血流量分别为(8.95±2.57)ml/s、(8.10±2.18)ml/s,动脉面积分别为(0.23±0.08)cm^(2)、(0.21±0.06)cm^(2),阻力指数分别为0.73±0.23、0.75±0.34,对照组术后24小时和48小时的收缩期峰速度分别为(53.50±.19.24)cm/s、(52.64±.17.89)cm/s,舒张末期速度分别为(13.62±3.16)cm/s、(15.38±4.33)cm/s,平均速度分别为(20.26±8.64)cm/s、(21.36±8.36)cm/s,血流量分别为(3.95±1.49)ml/s、(4.23±1.35)ml/s,动脉面积分别为(0.18±0.05)cm^(2)、(0.17±0.05)cm^(2),阻力指数分别为0.89±0.21、0.90±0.28,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组术后48小时内血管危象的发病率为4.55%,显著低于对照组的35.00%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 CBPB的抗交感效应可增加再植手指血流灌注,降低血管危象的发病率。

脑电双频指数监测下腋路臂丛神经阻滞复合全身麻醉在肩关节镜手术中的应用效果

目的:探究脑电双频指数(BIS)监测下腋路臂丛神经阻滞复合全身麻醉在肩关节镜手术中的应用效果。方法:选择2020年1月—2023年1月在宁夏医科大学总医院、吴忠市人民医院进行肩关节镜手术的患者86例,应用随机数字表法将其分为对照组(采用BIS监测下锁骨上入路臂丛神经阻滞复合全身麻醉)及观察组(采用BIS监测下腋路臂丛神经阻滞复合全身麻醉),各43例。对比两组不同时刻[麻醉前(T_(0))、气管插管即刻(T_(1))、切皮时(T_(2))、拔管时(T_(3))]心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、BIS值;对比两组麻醉苏醒后及术后2、12 h疼痛评分[视觉模拟评分法(VAS)]、肌力评分;对比两组术中舒芬太尼用量;对比两组不良反应发生率。结果:T_(0)时,两组HR、MAP比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)时,观察组HR、MAP均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);T_(0)、T_(1)、T_(2)时,两组BIS比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组T_(3)时BIS高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组麻醉苏醒后及术后6、12 h的VAS评分均低于对照组,肌力评分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计意义(P>0.05)。结论:BIS监测下腋路臂丛神经阻滞复合全身麻醉在肩关节镜手术中的麻醉效果显著,可稳定血流动力学,患者术后疼痛程度较轻,对肌力影响较小,安全性较高。

小儿上肢骨折手术采用臂丛神经阻滞复合全身麻醉的应激反应分析

目的探讨小儿上肢骨折手术采用臂丛神经阻滞复合全身麻醉的应激反应。方法回顾性选取滕州市中心人民医院于2020年3月—2023年3月诊治的120例上肢骨折患儿的临床资料,按照不同麻醉方法将患儿分为参考组(n=60)和研究组(n=60)。参考组实施全身麻醉,研究组予以臂丛神经阻滞复合全身麻醉,比较两组血流动力学指标、应激反应和炎症因子水平。结果参考组与研究组T0(麻醉前)心率以及平均动脉压对比,差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05);T1(置入喉罩时)、T2(拔除喉罩时)时研究组心率以及平均动脉压低于参照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。参考组与研究组术前5 min应激反应指标对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后6h,研究组皮质醇、肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素水平低于参考组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。术前参考组与研究组炎症因子水平对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后3 d,研究组的肿瘤坏死因子-α(26.01±5.34)ng/L、C反应蛋白(8.71±1.25)mg/L和白介素-1β(2.03±0.34)ng/L低于参考组,差异有统计学意义(t=12.865、11.849、18.676,P均<0.05)。结论臂丛神经阻滞复合全身麻醉可以降低患儿的应激反应,炎症反应较小,同时血流动力学水平波动较小。

颊针疗法对肩袖修补术患者术后镇痛及康复的影响

目的:观察颊针疗法对肩袖修复术患者术后镇痛的有效性及康复的影响。方法:选取2021年10月至2022年6月因肩袖损伤在温州医科大学附属第二医院育英儿童医院择期行手术治疗的患者140例,性别不限,ASA分级I~III级。患者均在统一的全身麻醉复合臂丛神经阻滞下完成肩关节镜下肩袖修补术,根据术后镇痛方案随机将患者分成单纯使用患者自控静脉镇痛泵(PCIA)的对照组(A组)、颊针联合PCIA组(CA组),每组70例。比较两组患者术后6、12、18、24、48 h静息与运动VAS评分,术中及术后镇痛药用量、患者恢复质量评分(Qo R-40项评分、ADL评分、Barthel指数),术后3个月ASES评分、Constant-Murley肩关节功能评分及睡眠质量(PSQI)评分。结果:与A组相比,CA组患者术后6、12、24、48 h静息及运动VAS评分均明显降低(P<0.05),PCIA镇痛相关不良反应明显减少(21.0%vs.40.3%,P<0.05),且术后48 h Barthel指数、QoR-40项评分及满意度明显提高(P<0.05)。两组患者术后48 h镇痛药用量、ADL评分、Barthel指数及术后3个月ASES评分、Constant-Murley肩关节功能评分和PSQI评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:颊针疗法可增强肩袖修复术后PCIA的镇痛效果,减少镇痛不良反应,明显提高患者术后48 h恢复质量及满意度。

臂丛神经阻滞对动静脉造瘘术后血管通畅率的影响

目的比较臂丛神经阻滞(brachial plexus block,BPB)与其他麻醉方法对终末期肾衰竭(end-stage renal disease,ESRD)病人动静脉造瘘术后通畅率等结果的影响,以优化ESRD病人造瘘的围术期麻醉管理方案。方法本研究第一部分为回顾性队列研究:选择2017年1月1日~2022年8月30日行动静脉造瘘术的ESRD病人,根据麻醉方式不同分为BPB组180例和局部麻醉(local anesthesia,LA)组332例,收集两组一般资料、造瘘管通畅率、术后并发症和其他随访数据并进行比较。第二部分Meta分析:检索中国知网、万方、PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library和Scopus数据库自建库至2024年4月所有相关文献,根据纳排标准进行文献筛选和数据提取,使用RevMan 5.3进行数据分析。结果第一部分回顾性研究显示,BPB组与LA组术后原始通畅率在1、12个月比较差异有统计学意义(96.6%vs 91.7%,P<0.05;68.3%vs 59.0%,P<0.05),BPB组与LA组干预后通畅率在1、3、12个月比较差异有统计学意义(100.0%vs 95.5%,P<0.05;96.5%vs 86.3%,P<0.05;85.0%vs 70.8%,P<0.05),两组术后感染、血栓和血肿并发症比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。第二部分Meta分析结果显示,BPB较其他麻醉方法造瘘术后原始通畅率明显升高(SMD=1.51,95%CI 1.17~1.96,P<0.05),术后感染和血栓并发症比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论BPB对维持动静脉造瘘术后的长期通畅率较其他麻醉方法具有明显优势,且具有与其他麻醉方式相当的安全性。

超声引导下患儿肋锁间隙臂丛神经阻滞的研究进展

肋锁间隙(CCS)臂丛神经阻滞是一种锁骨下臂丛神经阻滞方式。臂丛内侧束、外侧束、后束在CCS集中于腋动脉外侧,位置关系固定,使用较少的局麻药即可达到良好的阻滞效果。近年来,CCS臂丛神经阻滞逐渐应用于患儿区域麻醉。患儿CCS臂丛神经解剖位置表浅,易于超声定位,但血管、神经、胸膜等结构距离较近,超声引导增加了患儿CCS臂丛神经阻滞的有效性和安全性。本文就CCS臂丛神经阻滞的解剖基础及超声定位、阻滞方法及药物用量、患儿临床应用和相关并发症进行综述,以期为患儿CCS臂丛神经阻滞的应用提供参考。

不同剂量艾司氯胺酮复合罗哌卡因臂丛上干阻滞对肩关节镜术后反弹性疼痛的影响

目的探讨不同剂量艾司氯胺酮复合罗哌卡因臂丛上干阻滞对肩关节镜术后反弹性疼痛的影响。方法选择行肩关节镜下治疗的患者90例,男35例,女55例,年龄18~60岁,BMI 18.5~28.0 kg/m^(2),ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,按照随机数字表法将患者分为三组:E1组、E2组和R组,每组30例。三组患者神经阻滞局麻药物分别按照以下方案配置,E1组予0.2%罗哌卡因、艾司氯胺酮0.25 mg/kg和生理盐水共10 ml;E2组予0.2%罗哌卡因、艾司氯胺酮0.5 mg/kg和生理盐水共10 ml;R组予0.2%罗哌卡因和生理盐水共10 ml。所有患者在神经阻滞麻醉起效后行全身麻醉。记录神经阻滞前(T_(1))、阻滞后30 min(T_(2))、置入喉罩(T_(3))、术中30 min(T_(4))时HR、MAP、手术体积描计指数(SPI)。记录术后6、8、12、24、48 h时静息和活动时NRS评分、反弹性疼痛的发生情况。记录神经阻滞麻醉后感觉和运动阻滞起效时间以及持续时间、阻滞前后镇静评分、术后24 h内睡眠情况、术后48 h内不良反应的发生情况。结果三组不同时点HR、MAP差异均无统计学意义。与R组比较,E1、E2组舒芬太尼用量明显减少,术后12~48 h静息和活动时NRS评分明显降低(P<0.05)。与R组比较,E2组反弹性疼痛发生率明显降低,神经阻滞后镇静评分明显升高,术后1 d睡眠时间明显延长,睡眠效率明显升高(P<0.05)。与R组比较,E1、E2组术后48 h内恶心呕吐、头晕头痛等术后不良反应发生率明显降低(P<0.05)。三组感觉阻滞起效时间和持续时间差异无统计学意义,且均未出现运动神经阻滞。结论艾司氯胺酮0.5 mg/kg复合罗哌卡因能降低臂丛上干神经阻滞肩关节镜术后反弹性疼痛的发生率,改善患者术后睡眠质量,但不能缩短臂丛上干神经阻滞的感觉阻滞起效时间和增加阻滞持续时间。

曲马多复合罗哌卡因臂丛神经阻滞对全麻肩关节镜手术患者术后镇痛效果的影响

目的:探讨肩关节镜手术患者臂丛神经阻滞中使用曲马多复合罗哌卡因对术后镇痛的影响。方法:将行肩关节镜手术的患者105例随机分为对照组(52例)和观察组(53例)。两组全麻前均实施臂丛神经阻滞,其中对照组予以0.3%罗哌卡因,观察组予以0.3%罗哌卡因+曲马多100 mg。两组术后均予以自控镇痛。比较两组术后4、8、12、24 h疼痛评分,术后24 h镇痛泵有效按压次数以及补救镇痛率。比较两组术后24 h时15项恢复质量评估表(QoR-15)评分和肩关节活动度。于术前和术后24 h,对患者血清C-反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平进行测定。统计两组术后24 h不良反应情况。结果:相较于对照组,术后各时间点观察组VAS评分更低,且术后24 h观察组镇痛泵有效按压次数更少(均P<0.05)。两组补救镇痛率比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。相较于对照组,观察组术后24 h QoR-15评分更高,且肩关节前屈活动度和外展活动度均更大(均P<0.05)。相较于术前,术后24 h两组血清CRP和IL-6水平升高,且观察组低于对照组(均P<0.05)。相较于对照组,术后24 h不良反应观察组发生率更低(P<0.05)。结论:肩关节镜术行臂丛神经阻滞时使用曲马多复合罗哌卡因可提供较好镇痛效果,缓解患者术后疼痛,减轻炎症,改善肩关节活动度。

静脉滴注小剂量利多卡因改善臂丛神经阻滞后反跳痛的效果观察

目的观察静脉滴注小剂量利多卡因改善臂丛神经阻滞后反跳痛的效果。方法招募2023年7月至11月于中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第904医院择期在臂丛神经阻滞麻醉下行单侧上肢骨折切开复位内固定的患者80例,采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组(于臂丛神经阻滞成功后静脉滴注生理盐水)和观察组(于臂丛神经阻滞成功后静脉滴注利多卡因100 mg),每组40例。对照组阻滞不全1例,术后失访1例;观察组阻滞不全1例。经剔除后,最终对照组纳入38例,观察组纳入39例。比较两组神经阻滞48 h内反跳痛发生情况和持续时间、镇痛泵药物消耗量、感觉阻滞时间、补救镇痛率及不良反应发生情况。比较两组术前及术后不同时间点静息状态和活动状态的数字评定量表(NRS)评分。结果与对照组相比,观察组反跳痛发生率更低(17.95%vs 39.47%),镇痛泵药物消耗量更少[(105.62±11.21)mL vs(114.29±15.45)mL],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组感觉阻滞时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在发生反跳痛的患者中,观察组反跳痛持续时间较对照组更短,差异有统计学意义[(2.43±1.27)h vs(3.87±1.19)h;t=2.589,P=0.018]。与对照组比较,观察组神经阻滞后12 h、24 h静息状态的NRS评分更低,神经阻滞后12 h活动状态的NRS评分更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其余时间点两组NRS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组术后48 h内补救镇痛率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组恶心呕吐、头晕发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论静脉滴注小剂量利多卡因可降低患者臂丛神经阻滞后反跳痛的发生率和持续时间,减少术后镇痛泵药物的消耗量和补救镇痛率,不良反应少,有利于患者快速康复。

超声引导下氢吗啡酮复合罗哌卡因对喙突旁臂丛神经阻滞的效果及安全性研究

目的探究超声引导下氢吗啡酮复合罗哌卡因对喙突旁臂丛神经阻滞的效果及安全性。方法选择择期行单侧桡骨远端骨折切开复位内固定术的患者60例作为研究对象。采用随机数字表法,将患者分为罗哌卡因组(R组)、舒芬太尼复合罗哌卡因组(SR组)和氢吗啡酮复合罗哌卡因组(HR组)。超声引导下行喙突旁入路臂丛神经阻滞,R组注射0.33%罗哌卡因30 mL,SR组注射舒芬太尼5μg+0.33%罗哌卡因30 mL,HR组注射氢吗啡酮1 mg+0.33%罗哌卡因30mL。记录感觉和运动阻滞的起效时间和维持程度,记录术后补救镇痛情况、患者镇痛满意情况。结果与R组比较,SR组和HR组感觉阻滞持续时间和运动阻滞持续时间延长,HR组术后曲马多补救镇痛率降低(P<0.05);与SR组比较,HR组感觉和运动完全阻滞持续时间延长(P<0.05),3组感觉及运动阻滞的起效时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与R组及SR组比较,HR组感觉持续阻滞在<12 h时段的患者构成比降低(P<0.05),在≥20 h时段增高(P<0.05);与R组及SR组比较,HR组运动持续阻滞在<12 h时段的患者构成比降低(P<0.05),在12~24 h时段增高(P<0.05)。结论氢吗啡酮可延长罗哌卡因喙突旁臂丛神经阻滞的持续时间,且延长效果优于舒芬太尼,可减少术后镇痛药物的使用,但也增大了运动神经阻滞程度,可能不利于患者术后康复。

臂丛神经阻滞对行肩关节镜手术患者应激反应的影响

目的 探究臂丛神经阻滞对行肩关节镜手术患者应激反应的影响。方法 选取复旦大学附属上海市第五人民医院2021年12月至2022年12月150例行肩关节镜手术的肩关节炎患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组75例。对照组患者采用全身麻醉,观察组患者在对照组基础上采用臂丛神经阻滞。比较2组患者术前(T0)、手术10 min(T1)、手术30 min(T2)、手术结束时(T3)、拔管30 min后(T4)的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、皮质醇(Cor);比较2组患者术前和术后3 d的转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、C反应蛋白(CRP);比较2组患者术后清醒时与术后6、12、24 h的视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分。结果 与T0时相比,观察组和对照组患者T1、T2、T3、T4时的MAP、HR水平均显著降低(P<0.01),NE、Cor水平均显著升高(P<0.01),且观察组患者T1、T2、T3、T4时的MAP、HR、NE、Cor水平均显著低于对照组(P<0.01);观察组和对照组患者术后3 d TGF-β1、TNF-α、CRP水平均较术前显著升高(P<0.01),但观察组患者术后上述指标显著低于对照组(P<0.01);观察组患者术后清醒时与术后6、12、24 h的VAS评分均显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论 超声引导下肌间沟入路臂丛神经阻滞可以确保行肩关节镜手术中肩关节炎患者的生命体征稳定,减轻疼痛,减少应激,降低炎症反应。

角袋注射技术对锁骨上臂丛神经阻滞后膈肌麻痹的影响

目的分析角袋注射技术的临床疗效及对锁骨上臂丛神经阻滞后膈肌麻痹的影响。方法选择2020年1月至2021年12月于沧州市人民医院诊治的需在臂丛神经阻滞麻醉下行手术患者80例,其中男性52例,女性28例;年龄20~40岁,平均年龄30.46岁;身体质量指数(BMI)17.42~28.01 kg/m^(2),平均BMI 22.51 kg/m^(2);美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级Ⅰ级24例,Ⅱ级40例,Ⅲ级16例;手术部位,肘部24例,前臂21例,手腕27例,手8例。随机分为试验组(n=40例)及对照组(n=40例)。对照组予传统神经丛周围阻滞麻醉,试验组则采用超声引导角袋注射技术进行麻醉。对两组患者麻醉前和麻醉后30 min平静呼吸膈肌移动度及肺功能指标进行比较。比较两组患者膈肌麻痹发生率及并发症;以患者阻滞后30 min是否出现膈肌麻痹为终点,对两组患者阻滞后30 min用力呼吸膈肌移动度与膈肌麻痹发生风险进行比较。结果试验组麻醉效果为优良率的患者明显高于对照组[92.5%(37/40)vs 70%(28/40)。P<0.05]。感觉及运动阻滞起效时间显著低于对照组[(5.41±1.09)min vs(6.84±1.65)min、(9.06±1.27)min vs(11.98±2.71)min],而持续时间显著高于对照组[(404.96±89.73)min vs(11.98±2.71)min、(417.93±91.78)min vs(300.86±51.92)min](均P<0.05);阻滞后试验组患者的膈肌移动度及肺功能指标均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组患者膈肌麻痹发生率及并发症发生率明显低于对照组[(12.5%(5/40)vs 37.5%(15/40),7.5%(3/40)vs 25%(10/40)。均P<0.05]。以出现膈肌麻痹为终点,试验组膈肌活动度大于对照组,膈肌麻痹发生风险延后对照组(P<0.05)。结论角袋注射技术麻醉效果优于传统神经丛周围阻滞麻醉,且对膈肌麻痹的影响较小,术后不良反应少。

氟比洛芬酯联合地佐辛超前镇痛在臂丛神经阻滞麻醉中的应用效果

目的研究氟比洛芬酯联合地佐辛超前镇痛在臂丛神经阻滞麻醉中的应用效果。方法选取本院2022年1月至2023年1月行臂丛神经阻滞麻醉的80例患者作为研究对象,随机分为两组,每组各40例。观察组采用氟比洛芬酯联合地佐辛超前镇痛,5 min后行臂丛神经阻滞麻醉;对照组采用等体积0.9%氯化钠注射液,5 min后行臂丛神经阻滞麻醉。比较两组患者麻醉阻滞起效时间、维持时间、血糖应激水平、术后不同时间点疼痛程度和不良反应。结果观察组麻醉阻滞起效的平均时间短于对照组,维持时间长于对照组(均P<0.05);术前组间患者的血糖应激水平比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);切皮30 min与术后60 min观察组血糖应激水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组术后不同时间点(4 h、6 h、12 h)VAS评分均低于对照组(均P<0.05);两组不良反应总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论氟比洛芬酯联合地佐辛超前镇痛用于臂丛神经阻滞麻醉效果更优,能缩短起效时间,延长麻醉时间,减少血糖应激反应,缓解患者术后疼痛,并且不良反应低。

锁骨上臂丛神经阻滞麻醉用于小儿上肢手术的效果研究

目的探讨小儿上肢手术中锁骨上臂丛神经阻滞麻醉的应用价值。方法56例行小儿上肢手术的患儿,用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各28例。对照组行气管插管全身麻醉(全麻),观察组行锁骨上臂丛神经阻滞麻醉。比较两组患儿术前、切皮时、术中、手术结束时的生命体征指标及麻醉效果、麻醉不良反应发生率、麻醉起效时间、入睡时间、苏醒时间。结果观察组患儿在切皮时、术中、手术结束后的收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率(HR)与对照组相比更加平稳,且手术结束时观察组患儿血氧饱和度(SpO2)(98.96±4.05)%明显高于对照组的(93.62±4.15)%,差异显著(P<0.05)。观察组患儿麻醉优良率96.43%高于对照组的78.57%,差异显著(P<0.05)。观察组麻醉不良反应发生率7.14%低于对照组的28.57%,差异显著(P<0.05)。观察组患儿的苏醒时间(7.25±1.38)min短于对照组的(31.14±4.16)min,差异显著(P<0.05)。结论小儿上肢手术中运用锁骨上臂丛神经阻滞麻醉可提高麻醉优良率,缩短患儿的苏醒时间,且麻醉安全性较高,因此,具备临床借鉴与推广的价值。