Effects of Changtai granules, a traditional compound Chinese medicine, on chronic trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in rats

AIM: To study the effects of Changtai granules (CTG), a traditional compound Chinese medicine, on chronic trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in rats. METHODS: Healthy adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats of both sexes, weighing 250-300 g, were employed in the present study. The rat colitis models were induced by 2, 4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) enemas at a concentration of 100 mg/kg in 50% ethanol. The experimental animals were randomly divided into dexamethasone (DX) treatment, CTG treatment, and model control groups, which were intracolicly treated daily with DX (0.2 mg/kg), CTG at doses of 2.9, 5.7 and 11.4 g crude drug/kg, and the equal amount of saline respectively from 6 h following induction of the colitis in rats inflicted with TNBS to the end of study. A normal control group of rats treated without TNBS but saline enema was also included in the study. After 3 wk of treatment, the animals were assessed for colonal inflammatory and ulcerative responses with respect to mortality, frequency of diarrhea, histology and myeloperoxidase activity (MPO).RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of CTG on ulcerative colitis (UC) was better than DX. CTG effectively inhibited the activity of granulocytes, macrophages and monocytes in a dosedependent manner. Also it reduced MPO and formation of inflammation in colonic mucosal tissue. Furthermore, administration of CTG significantly prevented body mass loss and death, and decreased frequency of diarrhea in UC rats, when compared with the model control group rats.CONCLUSION: CTG would prove to be an ideal drug for chronic UC, and is warranted to be studied further.

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenolic acids,salvianolic acid B,tanshinol,lithospermic acid and rosmarinic acid in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae by HPLC and conduct methodological investigation.[Methods]Salvianolic acid B,with moderate retention time,good resolution,great response value and easy availability was selected as the internal standard,and the relative retention values and relative correction factors between tanshinol,rosmarinic acid,lithospermic acid and salvianolic acid B were established.The results of QAMS were compared with those of external standard method to verify the accuracy and applicability of QAMS.[Results]There were no significant differences between the calculated values of QAMS and the measured values of external standard method.The relative deviation was less than 3%,and the relative correction factors obtained from the experiment were credible.[Conclusions]QAMS can be used to determine the contents of phenolic acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae formula granules.

Early administration of branched-chain amino acid granules

The effect of malnutrition on survival in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis has not been well defined. Nutritional intervention with branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) can increase serum albumin concentration in patients with decompensated cirrhosis but its effects on survival are unclear. The BCAA to tyrosine ratio (BTR) is a surrogate marker (the normal range of BTR is between 4.41 and 10.05, and a Fischer's ratio of 1.8 corresponds to a BTR of 3.5) in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis, and BCAA inhibits hepatic carcinogenesis in patients with compensated cirrhosis. This review discusses data regarding the effect of early administration of BCAA granules based on the ratio of BCAA to BTR on prognosis in patients with cirrhosis.

Exogenous Application of Abscisic Acid or Gibberellin Acid Has Different Effects on Starch Granule Size Distribution in Grains of Wheat

Granule size distribution of wheat starch is an important characteristic that can affect its chemical composition and the functionality of wheat products. Two high-yield winter wheat cultivars were used to evaluate the effects of the application of exogenous ABA or GA during the reproductive phase of the initial grain filling on starch granule size distribution and starch components in grains at maturity. The results indicated that a bimodal curve was found in the volume and surface area distribution of grain starch granules, and a unimodal curve was observed for the number distribution under all treatments. The exogenous ABA resulted in a significant increase in the proportions （both by volume and by surface area） of B-type （〈9.9 Ixm in diameter） starch granules, with a reduction in those of A-type （〉9.9 ~tm） starch granules, while, the exogenous GA3 led to converse effects on size distribution of those starch granules. The exogenous ABA also increased starch, amylose and amylopectin contents at maturity but significantly reduced the ratio of amylose to amylopectin. Application of GA3 significantly reduced starch content, amylopectin content but increased the ratio of amylose to amylopectin. The ratio of amylose to amylopectin showed a significant and negative relationship with the volume proportion of granules 〈9.9 μm, but was positively related to the volume proportion of granules 22.8-42.8 μm.

Simultaneous Determination of Four Amino Acids in Fufang Ejiao Buxue Granule by HPLC

[Objectives]To establish an High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC)method for simultaneous determination of four amino acids in Fufang Ejiao Buxue Granule.[Methods]The quantitative analysis was carried out with a Waters Sunfire C 18 column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm).A binary mobile solvent was used:mobile solvent A was acetonitrile-0.1 mol/L sodium acetate solution(adjusting pH to 6.5 with 36%acetic acid)(7∶93)and mobile solvent B was acetonitrile-H 2O(4∶1).The mobile phase was delivered at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with a gradient elution profile(0-13 min,100%A→93%A;13-17.9 min,93%A→88%A;17.9-29.0 min,88%A→85%A;29-39 min,85%A→66%A;39-45 min,66%A→0%A).The column temperature was at 43℃.The detection wavelength was 254 nm.[Results]The injection volume of L-hydroxyproline,glycine,alanine,and L-proline showed a good linear relationship with the chromatographic peak area in the range of 0.012 to 0.117,0.022 to 0.218,0.010 to 0.097,0.016 to 0.160μg,separately.The average recovery rate(n=6)was 96.4%,97.3%,97.1%,and 99.4%,respectively;the relative standard deviations were 1.2%,1.9%,1.7%,and 0.9%,respectively.[Conclusions]This method is simple in operation and good in reproducibility,and provides a reliable method for controlling the quality of Fufang Ejiao Buxue Granules.

玉屏风颗粒联合卡介菌多糖核酸治疗慢性荨麻疹的效果分析

目的:探讨玉屏风颗粒联合卡介菌多糖核酸治疗慢性荨麻疹的效果。方法:选取2021年7月—2023年7月滨州市中心医院收治的慢性荨麻疹患者96例作为研究对象,随机分为试验组和对照组,各48例。对照组采用卡介菌多糖核酸治疗,试验组在对照组基础上采用玉屏风颗粒治疗。比较两组治疗效果。结果:治疗后,试验组瘙痒程度、风团数目、每日风团发作次数、风团最大直径、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数、皮肤病生活质量指数评分,白细胞介素-4、白细胞介素-10、CD8^(+)水平,复发率均低于对照组,白细胞介素-2、CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)水平均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:玉屏风颗粒联合卡介菌多糖核酸治疗慢性荨麻疹的效果良好,能够改善患者临床症状、睡眠质量与生活质量,减轻炎性反应,提高免疫功能,减少复发,且安全性较高。

苏葶宣肺颗粒的制备工艺及初步药效研究

目的优选苏葶宣肺颗粒的最佳提取工艺和成型工艺,并探讨其对气管平滑肌的作用。方法采用L9(34)正交设计实验法,以迷迭香酸和黄芩苷的含量以及浸膏得率为指标,考察提取次数、提取时间和加水倍量对苏葶宣肺颗粒提取工艺的影响,优选苏葶宣肺颗粒的最佳提取工艺。以制粒情况、成型率、吸湿率、休止角及溶解度为评价指标,对辅料种类和药辅比例等因素进行考察,确定最佳制剂成型工艺。制备大鼠离体气管环后浸泡于K-H液,采用BL-420S生物机能系统测定其张力变化,分别观察苏葶宣肺颗粒对大鼠正常离体气管和磷酸组胺(His)、乙酰胆碱(ACh)致痉的大鼠离体气管张力的影响,计算解痉率。结果苏葶宣肺颗粒的最佳提取工艺为:加10倍量水,浸泡30 min,提取2次,每次提取60 min。3批正交验证实验综合评分均数为92.07,RSD为0.51%。最佳成型工艺为:浸膏、糊精、淀粉按3∶2.5∶4的比例制成软材,用10目筛网制成颗粒。苏葶宣肺颗粒对大鼠正常离体气管平滑肌具有舒张作用,对ACh和His致大鼠离体气管平滑肌收缩均有一定的解痉作用。结论本文建立了苏葶宣肺颗粒稳定可行的制备工艺,为后续的研发、质量控制奠定了基础。苏葶宣肺颗粒对离体气管平滑肌有舒张作用,其机制可能与抗组胺和抑制胆碱受体有关。

基于特征图谱及指标成分优化新清毒饮颗粒的制备工艺

目的建立新清毒饮颗粒(蒲公英、金银花、野菊花等组成)的高效液相色谱(HPLC)特征图谱及菊苣酸、甘草酸的含量测定方法,优选新清毒饮颗粒的制备工艺。方法以新清毒饮特征图谱及菊苣酸、甘草酸保留率为评价指标,通过正交试验优选新清毒饮的提取工艺,开展浓缩工艺研究;通过筛选辅料的种类和用量,开展新清毒饮颗粒的成型工艺研究,并开展3批中试研究。结果建立新清毒饮颗粒的特征图谱及菊苣酸、甘草酸含量测定方法,优选的制备工艺为加水8倍量,煎煮3次,每次1 h;80℃下减压浓缩,浸膏加入乳糖和甜菊糖苷适量,一步制粒,分装。中试规模制备的3批新清毒饮颗粒中菊苣酸、甘草酸保留率分别为(54.56±1.63)%、(54.96±1.08)%,成品率为(87.47±0.49)%,质量均一,与同批饮片制得汤剂特征图谱相似度高。结论所优选的制备工艺合理可行、重现性好,可获得与新清毒饮汤剂物质基础相似的颗粒剂。

高效液相色谱法测定兰紫解毒颗粒中5种主要成分

建立高效液相色谱法同时测定兰紫解毒颗粒中绿原酸、3,5-二-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸、苦参碱、氧化苦参碱和(R,S)-告依春含量的方法。取0.1 g兰紫解毒颗粒样品,用体积分数为75%的甲醇溶液超声提取30 min,取适量样品溶液上机测定;采用ACQUITY UPLCHSS T3 C18柱(150 mm×2.1 mm,1.8μm)作为分析柱,柱温为25℃,以乙腈-0.1%磷酸水溶液作为流动相梯度洗脱,洗脱流量为0.25 mL/min,进样体积为1μL。绿原酸、3,5-二-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸、苦参碱、氧化苦参碱和(R,S)-告依春的质量浓度在0.4076~42.5292μg/mL范围内与色谱峰面积线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9996~0.9998,方法检出限为0.001~0.014μg/mL。样品平均加标回收率为97.85%~100.35%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.05%~2.93%(n=6)。该方法简单、高效、准确、稳定,可同时测定兰紫解毒颗粒中5种主要成分的含量。

慢肾康颗粒HPLC指纹图谱及含量测定研究

目的:建立慢肾康颗粒高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱,并测定其有效成分丹酚酸B含量,为慢肾康颗粒的综合质量控制提供参考。方法:采用HPLC法,Welch Ulimate Plus C_(18)色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),以乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长260 nm、280 nm,柱温30℃,建立慢肾康颗粒指纹图谱,并在最佳条件下对丹酚酸B进行含量测定。结果:建立的慢肾康颗粒HPLC指纹图谱共标定12个色谱峰,通过对照品和对照药材比对,分别指认了5种化学成分和5味中药的特征峰;丹酚酸B在33.93~203.58μg/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 7),稳定性、重复性试验的RSD值均小于3.0%,平均加样回收率为103.30%,RSD值为1.35%。结论:本研究建立的HPLC指纹图谱及含量测定方法准确,重复性和稳定性好,可以为慢肾康颗粒质量控制提供参考。

止咳枇杷颗粒中桑皮苷A和绿原酸含量测定方法

目的:应用高效液相色谱法测定止咳枇杷颗粒中桑皮苷A和绿原酸含量。方法:色谱柱为C18色谱柱,以乙腈-0.3%磷酸(9∶91)为流动相,流速1 mL/min,柱温30℃,进样量10μL,检测波长326 nm。结果:桑皮苷A在16.12~806.0μg/mL(r=1.0000)范围内线性关系良好,平均加样回收率为101.65%,RSD为2.10%(n=6);绿原酸在4.122~206.1μg/mL(r=1.0000)范围内线性关系良好,平均加样回收率为99.81%,RSD为0.56%(n=6)。结论:该方法测定结果准确、灵敏、重复性好,可用于止咳枇杷颗粒中桑皮苷A和绿原酸的含量测定。

基于标准汤剂的断血流(风轮菜)配方颗粒质量标准研究

目的:建立基于标准汤剂的断血流(风轮菜)配方颗粒质量标准,为其质量控制提供数据参考。方法:根据《中药配方颗粒质量控制与标准制定技术要求》,制备15批断血流(风轮菜)标准汤剂,测定其出膏率、指标成分迷迭香酸含量、转移率,构建高效液相色谱法特征图谱,并进行相似度评价及化学计量学分析;制备3批断血流(风轮菜)配方颗粒,基于标准汤剂出膏率、迷迭香酸含量和特征图谱一致性,多维验证工艺与标准的合理性。结果:15批断血流(风轮菜)标准汤剂出膏率为13.2%~21.1%,迷迭香酸质量分数为7.37~15.95 mg·g^(-1)、转移率为20.2%~57.0%,特征图谱共标定7个共有峰,指认峰2和峰5分别为芸香柚皮苷和迷迭香酸,且批次间相似度>0.8。计量学分析表明,不同批次标准汤剂成分存在一定差异且具有一定地域聚集性;3批断血流(风轮菜)配方颗粒出膏率分别为18.3%、20.4%、19.2%,迷迭香酸质量分数分别为5.23、5.91、5.32 mg·g^(-1),转移率分别为21.4%、24.0%、17.9%,其特征图谱与标准汤剂对照特征图谱相似度均大于0.9。结论:3批断血流(风轮菜)配方颗粒质量指标与标准汤剂基本一致,建立的基于标准汤剂的断血流(风轮菜)质量标准合理可行,可为其配方颗粒的制备及质量控制提供数据支撑。

芪龙活络颗粒质量标准研究

目的建立芪龙活络颗粒的质量标准。方法采用薄层色谱法对制剂中黄芪、川牛膝、鸡血藤药材进行定性鉴别;采用高效液相色谱法测定丹酚酸B的含量,色谱柱为Eclipse XDB-C_(18)柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5µm),流动相为乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液(23∶77,V/V),流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为286 nm,柱温为30℃,进样量为10µL。结果薄层色谱斑点清晰,且阴性对照无干扰。丹酚酸B的进样量在0.0624~1.248µg范围内与峰面积线性关系良好(r=1.000,n=5);精密度、稳定性、重复性试验结果的RSD均小于2.00%(n=6);平均回收率为107.61%,RSD为4.28%(n=6)。5批样品中丹酚酸B的含量为1.09~1.32 mg/g。结论该方法专属性好、结果准确,可用于芪龙活络颗粒的质量控制。暂订芪龙活络颗粒中丹酚酸B的含量应不低于1.0 mg/g。

大黄灵脾颗粒剂质量标准研究

目的建立大黄灵脾颗粒剂的质量标准。方法采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对大黄灵脾颗粒剂中的淫羊藿苷、丹酚酸B分别进行含量测定。结果淫羊藿苷和丹酚酸B进样量分别在0.038~7.672µg(r=0.9998)和0.275~4.216µg(r=0.9999)范围内,与峰面积线性关系良好,平均加样回收率分别为98.5%(RSD=1.9%)和97.7%(RSD=1.9%)。结论HPLC简便、准确、可靠、重现性好,可有效控制大黄灵脾颗粒剂的质量。

从血脑屏障药物转运机制探究平痫冲剂的抗痫作用

目的观察平痫冲剂的抗痫作用,并探讨其作用机制。方法将62只3周龄Wistar大鼠随机分为空白组12只,造模组50只,采用戊四唑(pentetrazol,PTZ)腹腔注射制备癫痫模型;模型制备成功后,随机分成模型组、西药组及平痫冲剂组,每组各12只,西药组给予丙戊酸钠灌胃,平痫冲剂组给予平痫冲剂灌胃。干预7 d后,观察癫痫大鼠运动皮质区的组织形态结构;免疫组化、RT-qPCR以及Western blot检测大脑运动皮质区组织L型氨基酸转运体(L-type amino acid transporter,LAT)1、P糖蛋白(P-glycoprotein,P-gp)、乳腺癌耐药蛋白(breast cancer resistance protein,BCRP)的表达情况。结果与空白组比较,模型组大鼠大脑运动皮质区神经元数量减少(P<0.01),LAT1蛋白及mRNA表达下降(P<0.05),P-gp、BCRP及其mRNA表达升高(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,平痫冲剂组大鼠大脑运动皮质区神经元数量增多(P<0.05),神经元病理形态有所改善,LAT1及其mRNA表达升高(P<0.01),P-gp、BCRP及其mRNA表达下降(P<0.01)。结论平痫冲剂可能通过调控血脑屏障(blood-brain barrier,BBB)药物转运体P-gp、BCRP、LAT1的表达,从而发挥抗痫作用。

RP-HPLC法同时测定茵栀解毒颗粒中绿原酸和栀子苷的含量

建立RP-HPLC法同时测定茵栀解毒颗粒中绿原酸和栀子苷的含量。采用反相高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为C_(18)柱(250.0 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),柱温30℃,流动相为乙腈‒甲醇‒0.1%磷酸(11∶8∶81),等度洗脱,检测波长为(235±1)nm,流速为1 mL/min。结果显示,绿原酸的线性范围为0.0943~0.7544μg,r=0.999999(n=5),平均回收率为99.25%(n=6);栀子苷线性范围为0.1971~1.5766μg,r=0.999999(n=5),平均回收率为99.56%(n=6)。该方法检测效率高、专属性强、重复性好,为茵栀解毒颗粒的质量评价提供了简便、准确、可靠的定量方法。

循环物料在烧结机的综合利用研究实践

钢铁行业中的烧结生产一方面是为高炉提供合格的含铁炉料,另一方面是利用烧结机处置炼铁、炼钢、轧钢等工序产生的副产品瓦斯灰、OG泥(炼钢除尘灰)、氧化铁皮等。本次实践主要是根据烧结机处置不锈钢酸泥生产过程中存在的问题,开展了烧结配矿研究、工艺设备改进、工艺参数优化等工作,最终达到了不锈钢酸泥等循环物料的经济利用和无害化处置目的。

除盐水再生废水回用促进PTA废水厌氧污泥颗粒化工业实践

福建福海创石油化工有限公司将含有高浓度无机盐的除盐水再生废水引至精对苯二甲酸(PTA)厂区废水处理装置,把高浓度的无机盐均匀稀释,补充至PTA废水上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)厌氧反应器,作为厌氧微生物微量元素营养剂添加。装置运行4个月后,颗粒污泥占厌氧污泥总量的60%以上,厌氧反应器化学需氧量(COD)降低率提升5百分点以上,说明除盐水再生废水对厌氧污泥颗粒化有明显促进作用。

UPLC法同时测定清金益气颗粒中橙皮苷、黄芩苷、甘草酸含量

[目的]建立1种能够同时测定清金益气颗粒中橙皮苷、黄芩苷、甘草酸含量的超高效液相色谱(UPLC)。[方法]色谱柱为Waters CORTECS UPLC T3(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.6μm),以0.1%磷酸水溶液(A)-乙腈(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱(0~13 min,11%B;13~18 min,11%~15%B;18~35 min,15%B;35~45 min,15%~26%B;45~55 min,26%~40%B;55~60 min,40%B),流速为0.3 mL/min,柱温为30℃,进样体积为2μL,检测波长为237 nm、280 nm。[结果]3种成分在所设浓度范围内线性关系良好(r^(2)≥0.9998),精密度、重复性RSD均小于2%,平均加样回收率为90%~99%,RSD均小于5%,常温放置24 h内稳定性良好。[结论]此方法稳定准确、重复性好,可为清金益气颗粒的质量评价提供一定的参考依据。

一测多评法同时测定酒续断配方颗粒中6种成分的含量

目的采用UPLC法对酒续断配方颗粒的6个含量指标马钱苷酸、川续断皂苷Ⅵ、绿原酸、异绿原酸A、异绿原酸B、异绿原酸C进行含量测定,并应用一测多评法同时测定6个指标的含量,为其质量控制提供依据。方法采用超高效液相UPLC-UV,以ACQUITYHSST3(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm)为色谱柱,以乙腈-0.05%磷酸为流动相进行梯度洗脱,检测波长为220 nm,流速0.3 ml/min,进样体积2μl,柱温30℃。同时测定酒续断配方颗粒中马钱苷酸、川续断皂苷Ⅵ、绿原酸、异绿原酸A、异绿原酸B、异绿原酸C 6种成分的含量,采用一测多评法,以绿原酸为内参物,通过相对校正因子测定马钱苷酸、川续断皂苷Ⅵ、异绿原酸A、异绿原酸B、异绿原酸C含量,同时采用外标法测定多批酒续断配方颗粒中这6个指标成分的含量,比较计算值与实测值的差异,验证一测多评法的准确性。结果建立相对校正因子重现性良好,采用相对校正因子计算的含量值与实测值之间无明显差异。结论本研究建立的测定方法鉴别快捷、准确、重复性良好,可为酒续断配方颗粒质量控制的评价提供数据依据。