Photodissociation of HOD via the C1B1 State： OD/OH Branching Ratio and OD Bond Dissociation Energy

Photodissociation of jet-cooled HOD via the C state around 124 nm has been studied using the H（D）-atom Rydberg tagging time-of-flight technique. Rotational state resolved action spectrum and the product translational energy distribution spectra have been recorded for both D＋OH and H＋OD dissociation channels. Product channel OH/OD branching ratios for the individual C-X rotational transition have been determined. A comparison is also given with the B-X and A-X transitions. In addition, the dissociation energy of the OD bond in HOD has been determined accurately to be 41751.3±5 cm-1.

Branching ratios of autoionization from Eu 4f^76p_(1/2)6d [J] autoionizing states

The autoionization branching ratios from Eu 4f76p1/26 d [J] autoionizing states to its 4f76s+(9So), 4f76s+(7So), and4f75d+(9Do) final ionic states are investigated with the combination of the three-step laser excitation and the velocity-map imaging technique. These different autoionizing states are excited via 4f76s6d8 DJ [J = 5/2, 7/2, and 9/2] intermediate states, respectively. The experimental photoelectron images are obtained, from which energy distributions of ejected electrons are achieved with the mathematical transformation. Furthermore, the energy dependence of the branching ratio is investigated within the autoionization resonance, by which population inversion is observed as an important characteristic.The J-dependence is also studied systematically. The validity of the well-known isolated core excitation technique used for obtaining the autoionization spectrum is also studied.

Branching ratio and angular distribution of ejected electrons from Eu 4f^76p_(1/2)nd auto-ionizing states

The branching ratios of ions and the angular distributions of electrons ejected from the Eu 4f^76p_（1/2）nd auto-ionizing states are investigated with the velocity-map-imaging technique.To populate the above auto-ionizing states,the relevant bound Rydberg states have to be detected first.Two new bound Rydberg states are identified in the region between41150 cm^（-1）and 44580 cm^（-1）,from which auto-ionization spectra of the Eu 4f^76p_（1/2）nd states are observed with isolated core excitation method.With all preparations above,the branching ratios from the above auto-ionizing states to different final ionic states and the angular distributions of electrons ejected from these processes are measured systematically.Energy dependence of branching ratios and anisotropy parameters within the auto-ionization spectra are carefully analyzed,followed by a qualitative interpretation.

Rate Coefficients and Branching Ratio for Multi-Channel Hydrogen Abstractions from CH3OH by F

The hydrogen abstraction reaction F+CH3OH has two possible reaction pathways: HF+CH3O and HF+CH2OH. Despite the absence of intrinsic barriers for both channels, the former has a branching ratio comparable to the latter, which is far from the statistical limit of 0.25 (one out of four available H atoms). Furthermore, the measured branching ratio of the two abstraction channels spans a large range and is not quantitatively reproduced by previous theoretical predictions based on the transition-state theory with the stationary point information calculated at the levels of MФller-Plesset perturbation theory and G2. This work reports a theoretical investigation on the kinetics and the associated branching ratio of the two competing channels of the title reaction using a quasi-classical trajectory approach on an accurate full-dimensional potential energy surface (PES) fitted by the permutation invariant polynomial-neural network approach to ca. 1.21x10^5 points calculated at the explicitly correlated (F12a) version of coupled cluster singles doubles and perturbative triples (CCSD(T)) level with the aug-cc-pVDZ basis set. The calculated room temperature rate coeffcient and branching ratio of the HF+CH3O channel are in good agreement with the available experimental data. Furthermore, our theory predicts that rate coeffcients have a slightly negative temperature dependence, consistent with barrierless nature of the reaction.

Reaction Mechanism and Product Branching Ratios of OH+C2H3F Reaction:A Theoretical Study

Ab initio CCSD(T)/CBS//B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)calculations of the potential energy surface for possible dissociation channels of HOC2H3F,as well as Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus(RRKM)calculations of rate constants,were carried out,in order to predict statistical product branching ratios in dissociation of HOC2H3F at various internal energies.The most favorable reaction pathway leading to the major CH2CHO+HF products is as the following:OH+C2H3F→i2→TS14→i6→TS9→i3→TS3→CH2CHO+HF,where the rate-determining step is HF elimination from the CO bridging position via TS11,lying above the reactants by 3.8 kcal/mol.The CH2O+CH2F products can be formed by F atom migration from Cαto Cβposition via TS14,then H migration from O to Cαposition via TS16,and C-C breaking to form the products via TS5,which is 1.8 kcal/mol lower in energy than the reactants,and 4.0 kcal/mol lower than TS11.

Photodissociation Branching Ratios of 12C^16O from 108000 cm^-1 to 113200 cm^-1 Measured by Two-Color VUV-VUV Laser Pump-Probe Time-Slice Velocity-Map Ion Imaging Method:Observation of Channels for Producing O(1D)

The photoabsorption and photodissociation of carbon monoxide(CO)in the vacuum ultraviolet(VUV)region is one of the most important photochemical processes in the interstellar medium,thus it has attracted numerous experimental and theoretical studies.Here,we employed the two-color VUV-VUV laser pump-probe time-slice velocity-map ion imaging method to measure the relative branching ratios[C(3P0)+O(1D)]/{[C(3P0)+O(3P)]+[C(3P0)+O(1D)]}and[C(3P2)+O(1D)]/{[C(3P2)+O(3P)]+[C(3P2)+O(1D)]}in the VUV photoexcitation energy range of 108000-113200 cm^−1.Here,one tunable VUV laser beam is used to excite CO to speci c rovibronic states,and a second independently tunable VUV laser beam is used to state-selectively ionize C(3P0)and C(3P2)for detection.State-selective photoionization through the 1VUV+1UV/visible resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization scheme has greatly enhanced the detection sensitivity,which makes many new weak absorption bands observable in the current study.The branching ratio measurement shows that the spin-forbidden channels C(3P0)+O(1D)and C(3P2)+O(1D)only open at several discrete narrow energy windows.This might be caused by certain accidental resonanceenhanced spin-orbit interactions between the directly excited Rydberg states and valence states of triplet type which nally dissociate into the spin-forbidden channels.

Ab initio Study of the Potential Energy Surface and Product Branching Ratios for Reaction of O（^1D） with C2H5CI

The potential energy surface of O（^1D）＋C2H5Cl reaction was studied using QCISD（T）/6- 311＋＋G（d,p）//MP2/6-31G（d,p） method. The calculations reveal an insertion-elimination mechanism. The insertion reaction of O（^1D） and C2H5Cl produces two energy-rich intermediates, IM1 and IM2, which subsequently decompose into various products. The calculations of the branching ratios of various products formed through the two intermediates were carried out using RRKM （Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus） theory at the collision energies of 0, 20.9, 41.8, 62.7, 83.6, 104.5, and 125.4 kJ/mol. HCl is the main decomposition product for IM1; CH2OH is the main decomposition product for IM2. Since IM1 is more stable than IM2, HCl is probably the main product of the O（^1D）＋C2H5Cl reaction.

Combined estimation for multi-measurements of branching ratio

A maximum likelihood method is used to deal with the combined estimation of multi-measurements of a branching ratio, where each result can be presented as an upper limit. The joint likelihood function is constructed using observed spectra of all measurements and the combined estimate of the branching ratio is obtained by maxi- mizing the joint likelihood function. The Bayesian credible interval or upper limit of the combined branching ratio, is given in cases both with and without inclusion of systematic error.

Alpha-decay branching ratios to high-lying excited-states of the ^(242)Cm→^(238)Pu→^(234)U→^(230)Th→^(226)Rn decay chain

We present a systematic calculation on the α-decay branching ratios to excited-states of an even-even α-decay chain ^242Cm → ^238Pu → ^234U → ^230Th → ^226Rn by the improved barrier penetration approach. The changes of the parities between the parent nuclei and the daughter nuclei are properly taken into account. The theoretical values are compared with the available experimental data and the deviation between them is within a factor of 5 in most cases.

Relative spectral response calibration using Ti plasma lines

This work introduces the branching ratio(BR) method for determining relative spectral responses,which are needed routinely in laser induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS). Neutral and singly ionized Ti lines in the 250–498 nm spectral range are investigated by measuring laser-induced micro plasma near a Ti plate and used to calculate the relative spectral response of an entire LIBS detection system. The results are compared with those of the conventional relative spectral response calibration method using a tungsten halogen lamp, and certain lines available for the BR method are selected. The study supports the common manner of using BRs to calibrate the detection system in LIBS setups.

Intrinsic product polarization and branch ratio in the S（~1D,~3P）＋HD reaction on three electronic states

The intrinsic product polarization and intramolecular isotope effect of the S（~1D,~3P） ＋ HD reaction have been investigated on both the lowest singlet state（1A） and the triplet state（3A and 3A） potential energy surfaces by using quasi-classical trajectory and quantum mechanical methods.The calculations indicate that intramolecular isotope effects are different on the three electronic states.The stereodynamics study shows that the P（θr） distributions,P（φ r） distributions,and polarization-dependent differential cross sections（PDDCSs）（00） are sensitive to mass factor and the product angular momentum vectors are not only aligned but also oriented.

Theoretical Studies of O（^1D）＋HD （v=0, j=0, 1, 2, 3）→OD（H）＋H（D） Reaction

The quasi-classical trajectory calculation for the reaction O（^1D）＋HD is carried out based on the Dobbyn and Knowles potential energy surface. In this work, the reaction cross section and product branching ratio are obtained. The product branching ratio OD/OH was discussed. The calculated results show that the cross-section decreases thoroughly with the increasing of the collision energy from 4.6 kJ/mol to 46.0 kJ/mol. The average branching ratio decrease with the increase of rotational quantum number of reactant HD.

Investigation of decay modes of superheavy nuclei

A detailed investigation of different decay modes,namely alpha decay,beta decay,cluster decay including heavy particle emission(Z_(c)>28),and spontaneous fission,was carried out,leading to the identification of new cluster and beta-plus emitters in superheavy nucle with 104≤Z≤126.For the first time,we identified around20 beta-plus emitters in superheavy nuclei.Heavy-particle radioactivity was observed in superheavy elements of atomic number in the range 116≤Z≤126.^(292-293)Og were identified as ^(86)Kr emitters,and ^(298)122 and ^(300)122 were identified as ^(94)Zr emitters,whereas heavy-particle radioactivity from ^(91)Y was also observed in ^(299)123.Furthermore,the nuclei ^(300)124 and ^(306)126 exhibit ^(96)Mo radioactivity.The reported regions of beta-plus and heavyparticle radioactivity for superheavy nuclei are stronger than those for alpha decay.The identified decay modes for superheavy nuclei are presented in a chart.This study is intended to serve as a reference for identifying possible decay modes in the superheavy region.

B→ρ(ω,φ)η(′)Decays and NLO Contributions in pQCD Approach

By employing the perturbative QCD （pQCD） factorization approach, we calculate some important next- to-leading-order （NLO） contributions to the two-body charmless hadronic decays B^＋ →ρ^＋η（＇） and B^0 → ρ^0（ω, φ）η（＇）, induced by the vertex QCD corrections, the quark-loops as well as the chromo-magnetic penguins. From the numerical results and phenomenological analysis we find that （a） for B^± → ρ^±η（＇） （B^0 → ρ^0（ω, φ）η（＇）decays, the partial NLO contributions to branching ratios are small （large） in magnitude; and （b） the pQCD predictions for ACP^dir（B^± → ρ^±η（＇）） are consistent with the data, while the predicted .ACP（B^0 → ρ^0（ω）η（＇）） are generally large in magnitude and could be tested by the forthcoming LHCb experiments.

B→a_0(1450)ρ(ω) Decays in Perturbative QCD Approach

In the two-quark model supposition for the meson ao（1450）, which can be viewed as either the first excited state （scenario I） or the lowest lying state （scenario II）, the branching ratios and the direct CP-violating asymmetries for decays B→a0（1450）ρ（ω） are studied by employing the perturbative QCD factorization approach. We find the following results： （a） For the decays B- B→a0（1450）ρ- andB→a0^＋（1450）ρ^-, their branching ratios have large difference between two scenarios. Although their branching ratios are larger than other considered decay modes, their direct CP-violating asymmetries in both scenarios are small. （b） For the decays B-→a0^-（1450）ρ0 and B0→ a0（1450）ρ＋, a0^0（1450）ρ0, a00 （1450）w, their branching ratios are dose to each other between two scenarios, respectively. （c） Comparing with the decays a0^0（1450）ρ0,π0ρ0 π0π0, the decay B-→a0^-（1450）ρ0 receives a larger branching ratio in each scenario, which is sensitive to the variation of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa angle α.

New Physics Effects on Rare Decays B_u^+→π^+■^+■^-, ρ^+■^+■-in a Top Quark Two-Higgs-Doublet Model

Using the form factors from light-cone sum rules, we study the branching ratios and forward-backward asymmetries （FBAs） of the exclusive decays Bu^＋→π^＋e^＋e^- and Bu^＋ →ρ^＋e^＋e^- （e= e,μ） in the standard model （SM） and the top quark two-Higgs-doublet model （T2HDM）. From the numerical results, we find that the new physics contributions cannot provide very large enhancement to the branching ratios and the theoretical predictions are in good agreement with the SM ones. The T2HDM effects on FBAs of these decays are small. Precision measurements of the dilepton invariant mass distributions, especially in the lower dilepton mass region, and the FBAs in the decays Bu^＋ → π^＋ （ρ^＋ ）e^＋ e^- will greatly help in discriminating among the SM and the new physics models.

Double Charm Decays of B Mesons in mSUGRA Model

Based on the low energy effective Hamiltonian with naive factorization, we calculate the branching ratios （BRs） and CP asymmetries （CPAs） for the twenty three double charm decays B/B8 → D（＊）D（＊） in both the standard （s） （s） model （SM） and the minimal supergravity （mSUGRA） model. Within the considered parameter space, we find that （a） the theoretical predictions for the BRs, CPAs and the polarization fractions in the SM and the mSUGRA model are all consistent with the currently available data within ±2σ errors; （b） For all the considered decays, the supersymmetric contributions in the mSUGRA model are very small, less than 7% numerically. It may be difficult to observe so small SUSY contributions even at LHC.

Theoretical Investigations on Photodissociation Dynamics of Deuterated Alkyl Halides CD_(3)CH_(2)F

The product branching ratio between different products in multichannel reactions is as important as the overall rate of reaction,both in terms of practical applications(e.g.models of combustion or atmosphere chemistry)in understanding the fundamental mechanisms of such chemical reactions.A global ground state potential energy surface for the dissociation reaction of deuterated alkyl halide CD_(3)CH_(2)F was computed at the CCSD(T)/CBS//B3 LYP/aug-cc-p VDZ level of theory for all species.The decomposition of CD_(3)CH_(2)F is controversial concerning C-F bond dissociation reaction and molecular(HF,DF,H_(2),D_(2),HD)elimination reaction.RiceRamsperger-Kassel-Marcus(RRKM)calculations were applied to compute the rate constants for individual reaction steps and the relative product branching ratios for the dissociation products were calculated using the steady-state approach.At the different energies studied,the RRKM method predicts that the main channel for DF or HF elimination from1,2-elimination of CD_(3)CH_(2)F is through a four-center transition state,whereas D_(2) or H_(2) elimination from 1,1-elimination of CD_(3)CH_(2)F occurs through a direct three-center elimination.At 266,248,and 193 nm photodissociation,the main product CD_(2)CH_(2)+DF branching ratios are computed to be 96.57%,91.47%,and 48.52%,respectively;however,at 157 nm photodissociation,the product branching ratio is computed to be 16.11%.Based on these transition state structures and energies,the following photodissociation mechanisms are suggested:at 266,248,193 nm,CD_(3)CH_(2)F→absorption of a photon→TS5→the formation of the major product CD_(2)CH_(2)+DF;at 157 nm,CD_(3)CH_(2)F→absorption of a photon→D/F interchange of TS1→CDH_(2)CDF→H/F interchange of TS2→CHD_(2)CHDF→the formation of the major product CHD_(2)+CHDF.

Rare Decay Process K→πv in Three-Site Higgsless Model

Rare decay processes K→πvv^- and KL→π^0vv^- are considered in the framework of three-site Higgsless model. The contributions of this new physics model to these two decay processes come from the new heavy gauge bosons and the correction terms for the couplings of the ordinary gauge bosons with fermions. Our numerical results show that the branching ratios of these two decay processes can be enhanced by 40% and 50% relative to those predicted by the standard model.

The Production of Pseudo Goldstone Boson in Top Quark Rare Decay

We calculate the flavor changing decay in the framework of the topcolor assisted multiscale technicolor model. We find that (a) the branching ratio of is insensitive to and , while it increases quickly as increases; (b) for reasonable ranges of the parameters, the maximum of the branching ratio in this model may reach , seven orders larger compared to the one calculated in the standard model. This might provide an opportunity to detect the rare decay of the top quark in experiments.