TMED2 Induces Cisplatin Resistance in Breast Cancer via Targeting the KEAP1-Nrf2 Pathway

Objective Cisplatin is the first-line treatment for breast cancer,but it faces challenges of drug resistance.This study investigated new molecular mechanisms underlying cisplatin resistance in breast cancer.Methods We analyzed sequencing data from the TCGA database to identify potential associations between transmembrane emp24 protein transport domain containing 2(TMED2)and breast cancer.Western blotting,real-time PCR,CCK-8,and TUNEL assays were used to measure the effects and molecular mechanism of TMED2 on cisplatin resistance in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines.Results TMED2 was overexpressed in breast cancer and associated with poor prognosis.TMED2 increased cisplatin resistance in breast cancer cells in vitro via promoting ubiquitination of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1(KEAP1),relieving inhibition of KEAP1 on nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2),and increasing expression of downstream drug resistance related genes,such as heme oxygenase 1(HO-1)and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1(NQO1).Conclusion We identified a new molecular mechanism by which TMED2 affects cisplatin resistance in breast cancer.Our results provide theoretical guidance for future clinical applications.

High expression of autophagy-related gene EIF4EBP1 could promote tamoxifen resistance and predict poor prognosis in breast cancer

BACKGROUND Breast cancer(BC) remains a public health problem. Tamoxifen(TAM) resistance has caused great difficulties for treatment of BC patients. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1(EIF4EBP1) plays critical roles in the tumorigenesis and progression of BC. However, the expression and mechanism of EIF4EBP1 in determining the efficacy of TAM therapy in BC patients are still unclear.AIM To investigate the expression and functions of EIF4EBP1 in determining the efficacy of TAM therapy in BC patients.METHODS High-throughput sequencing data of breast tumors were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differential gene expression analysis identified EIF4EBP1 to be significantly upregulated in cancer tissues. Its prognostic value was analyzed. The biological function and related pathways of EIF4EBP1 was analyzed. Subsequently, the expression of EIF4EBP1 was determined by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Cell Counting Kit-8 assays, colony formation assay and wound healing assay were used to understand the phenotypes of function of EIF4EBP1.RESULTS EIF4EBP1 was upregulated in the TAM-resistant cells, and EIF4EBP1 was related to the prognosis of BC patients. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis showed that EIF4EBP1 might be involved in Hedgehog signaling pathways. Decreasing the expression of EIF4EBP1 could reverse TAM resistance, whereas overexpression of EIF4EBP1 promoted TAM resistance.CONCLUSION This study indicated that EIF4EBP1 was overexpressed in the BC and TAM-resistant cell line, which increased cell proliferation, invasion, migration and TAM resistance in BC cells.

Effect of Ursolic Acid on Breast Cancer Resistance Protein-mediated Transport of Rosuvastatin In Vivo and Vitro

Objective To evaluate whether ursolic acid can inhibit breast cancer resistance protein(BCRP)-mediated transport of rosuvastatin in vivo and in vitro. Methods Firstly, we explored the pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil(5-FU, a substrate of BCRP) in rats in the presence or absence of ursolic acid. Secondly, we studied the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin in rats in the presence or absence of ursolic acid or Ko143(inhibitor of BCRP). Finially, the concentration-dependent transport of rosuvastatin and the inhibitory effects of ursolic acid and Ko143 were examined in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney(MDCK) Ⅱ-BCRP421CC(wild type) cells and MDCKⅡ-BCRP421AA(mutant type) cells. Results As a result, significant changes in pharmacokinetics parameters of 5-FU were observed in rats following pretreatment with ursolic acid. Both ursolic acid and Ko143 could significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin. The rosuvastatin transport in the BCRP overexpressing system was increased in a concentration-dependent manner. However, there was no statistical difference in BCRP-mediated transport of rosuvastatin betweent the wild type cells and mutant cells. The same as Ko143, ursolic acid inhibited BCRP-mediated transport of rosuvastatin in vitro. Conclusion Ursolic acid appears to be a potent modulator of BCRP that affects the pharmacokinetic of rosuvastatin in vivo and inhibits the transport of rosuvastatin in vitro.

Differential expression of breast cancer-resistance protein,lung resistance protein,and multidrug resistance protein 1 in retinas of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice

AIM：To investigate the altering expression profiles of efflux transporters such as breast cancer-resistance protein（BCRP）,lung resistance protein（LRP）,and multidrug resistance protein 1（MDR1） at the inner blood-retinal barrier（BRB） during the development of early diabetic retinopathy（DR） and/or aging in mice.METHODS：Relative m RNA and protein expression profiles of these three efflux transporters in the retina during the development of early DR and/or aging in mice were examined.The differing expression profiles of Zonula occludens 1（ ZO-1） and vascular endothelial growth factor-A（ VEGFA） in the retina as well as the perfusion characterization of fluorescein isothiocyanate（FITC）-dextran and Evans blue were examined to evaluate the integrity of the inner BRB.RESULTS：There were significant alterations in these three efflux transporters＇ expression profiles in the m RNA and protein levels of the retina during the development of diabetes mellitus and/or aging.The development of early DR was confirmed by the expression profiles of ZO-1 and VEGFA in the retina as well as the compromised integrity of the inner BRB.CONCLUSION：The expression profiles of some efflux transporters such as BCRP,LRP,and MDR1 in mice retina during diabetic and/or aging conditions are tested,and the attenuated expression of BCRP,LRP,and MDR1 along with the breakdown of the inner BRB is found,which may be linked to the pathogenesis of early DR.

Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Expression and 5-Fluorouracil Resistance

Objective To filtrate breast cancer resistance protein （BCRP）-mediated resistant agents and to investigate clinical relationship between BCRP expression and drug resistance. Methods MTT assay was performed to filtrate BCRP-mediated resistant agents with BCRP expression cell model and to detect chemosensitivity of breast cancer tissue specimens to these agents. A high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） assay was established, and was used to measure the relative dose of intracellular retention resistant agents. RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry （IHC） were employed to investigate the BCRP expression in breast cancer tissue specimens. Results MTT assay showed that the expression of BCRP increased with the increasing resistance of 5-fluorouracil （5-Fu） （P〈0.05, n=3） in the cell model, while HPLC assay indicated that the intracellular retention dose of 5-Fu was significantly correlated with the expression of BCRP （t=-0.897, P〈0.05, n=3）. A total of 140 breast cancer tissue specimens were collected. BCRP-positive expression was detected in forty-seven specimens by both RT-PCR and IHC. As shown by MTT assay subsequently, the resistance index （RI） of 47 BCRP-positive breast cancer tissue specimens to 5-Fu was 7-12 times as high as that of adjacent normal tissue samples. BCRP expression was related to 5-Fu resistance （R2=0.8124, P〈0.01）. Conclusion Resistance to 5-Fu can be mediated by BCRR Clinical chemotherapy for breast cancer patients can be optimized based on BCRP-positive expression.

Effects of long non-coding RNA Opa-interacting protein 5 antisense RNA 1 on colon cancer cell resistance to oxaliplatin and its regulation of micro RNA-137

BACKGROUND The incidence of colon cancer(CC)is currently high,and is mainly treated with chemotherapy.Oxaliplatin(L-OHP)is a commonly used drug in chemotherapy;however,long-term use can induce drug resistance and seriously affect the prognosis of patients.Therefore,this study investigated the mechanism of Opainteracting protein 5 antisense RNA 1(OIP5-AS1)on L-OHP resistance by determining the expression of OIP5-AS1 and micro RNA-137(miR-137)in CC cells and the effects on L-OHP resistance,with the goal of identifying new targets for the treatment of CC.AIM To study the effects of long non-coding RNA OIP5-AS1 on L-OHP resistance in CC cell lines and its regulation of miR-137.METHODS A total of 114 CC patients admitted to China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University were enrolled,and the expression of miR-137 and OIP5-AS1 in tumor tissues and corresponding normal tumor-adjacent tissues was determined.The influence of OIP5-AS1 and miR-137 on the biological behavior of CC cells was evaluated.Resistance to L-OHP was induced in CC cells,and their activity was determined and evaluated using cell counting kit-8.Flow cytometry was used to analyze the apoptosis rate,Western blot to determine the levels of apoptosisrelated proteins,and dual luciferase reporter assay combined with RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation to analyze the relationship between OIP5-AS1 and miR-137.RESULTS OIP5-AS1 was up-regulated in CC tissues and cells,while miR-137 was downregulated in CC tissues and cells.OIP5-AS1 was inversely correlated with miR-137(P<0.001).Silencing OIP5-AS1 expression significantly hindered the proliferation,invasion and migration abilities of CC cells and markedly increased the apoptosis rate.Up-regulation of miR-137 expression also suppressed these abilities in CC cells and increased the apoptosis rate.Moreover,silencing OIP5-AS1 and up-regulating miR-137 expression significantly intensified growth inhibition of drug-resistant CC cells and improved the sensitivity of CC cells to LOHP.OIP5-AS1 targetedly inhibited miR-137 expression,and silencing OIP5-AS1 reversed the resistance of CC cells to L-OHP by promoting the expression of miR-137.CONCLUSION Highly expressed in CC,OIP5-AS1 can affect the biological behavior of CC cells,and can also regulate the resistance of CC cells to L-OHP by mediating miR-137 expression.

Paclitaxel-induced stress granules increase LINE-1 mRNA stability to promote drug resistance in breast cancer cells

Abnormal expression of long interspersed element-1(LINE-1)has been implicated in drug resistance,while our previous study showed that chemotherapy drug paclitaxel(PTX)increased LINE-1 level with unknown mechanism.Bioinformatics analysis suggested the regulation of LINE-1 mRNA by drug-induced stress granules(SGs).This study aimed to explore whether and how SGs are involved in drug-induced LINE-1 increase and thereby promotes drug resistance of triple negative breast cancer(TNBC)cells.We demonstrated that SGs increased LINE-1 expression by recruiting and stabilizing LINE-1 mRNA under drug stress,thereby adapting TNBC cells to chemotherapy drugs.Moreover,LINE-1 inhibitor efavirenz(EFV)could inhibit drug-induced SG to destabilize LINE-1.Our study provides the first evidence of the regulation of LINE-1 by SGs that could be an important survival mechanism for cancer cells exposed to chemotherapy drugs.The findings provide a useful clue for developing new chemotherapeutic strategies against TNBCs.

Correlation of Kif2a and HPK1 expression in breast cancer with the oncogene and drug resistance gene expression

Objective: To investigate the correlation of Kif2a and HPK1 expression in breast cancer with the oncogene and drug resistance gene expression. Methods: A total of 91 patients with breast cancer and 85 patients with breast adenoma who accepted surgical treatment in our hospital between August 2016 and February 2018 were selected, and the breast cancer tissues and breast adenoma tissues were collected respectively as the research samples. Fluorescence quantitative PCR method was used to detect the expression of Kif2a and HPK1 genes as well as oncogenes and drug resistance genes in sample tissues, and Pearson test was used to evaluate the inner link of Kif2a and HPK1 gene expression in breast cancer tissue with oncogene and drug resistance gene expression. Results: Kif2a mRNA expression in breast cancer tissues was higher than that in breast adenoma tissues whereas HPK1 mRNA expression was lower than that in breast adenoma tissues;oncogenes DEK, iASPP-SV, Stat3, MDM2 and Fra-1 mRNA expression were higher than those in breast adenoma tissues;drug resistance genes ESR1, MDR1, P-gp, MRP1 and GST- mRNA expression were higher than those in breast adenoma tissues whereas BCRP mRNA expression was lower than that in breast adenoma tissues. Correlation analysis showed that the Kif2a and HPK1 gene expression in breast cancer tissues were directly correlated with the expression of oncogenes and drug resistance genes. Conclusion: Kif2a gene is abnormally highly expressed whereas HPK1 gene is abnormally lowly expressed in breast cancer tissues, and they are involved in the regulation of oncogene and drug resistance gene expression.

Serum Y-Box Binding Protein 1 (YBX-1) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) Are Associated with Metastasis in Breast Cancer Patients

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the levels of Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX-1) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the sera of metastatic and non-metastatic breast cancer patients (BC), investigate their clinicopathological significance and to analyze their potential use as biomarkers of breast cancer metastasis. Methods: The study included ninety subjects sub-grouped equally into metastatic BC, non-metastatic BC and healthy volunteers. Serum YBX-1 and IL-6 were quantified using ELISA technique while CA 15-3 was quantified using IRMA kit. Clinical data were collected from patients’ records. Results: YBX-1 (p < 0.001), IL-6 (p < 0.001) and CA15-3 (p = 0.017, 0.001) were significantly elevated in metastatic and non-metastatic BC patients compared to healthy controls, however, only YBX-1 (p 0.001) showed a significant difference with cancer metastasis. Generally, YBX-1 and IL-6 were correlated with worse histological grade and late clinical stage in breast cancer patients and they were also associated with axillary lymph nodes involvement and positive vascular invasion in metastatic BC patients. Serum YBX-1 and IL-6 levels were positively correlated to each other (rs = 0.615, p < 0.001) and they showed high sensitivity and specificity compared to CA 15-3 (p < 0.001 and p = 0.004 for YBX-1 and IL-6 respectively) for predicting cancer metastasis. Conclusions: Serum YBX-1 and IL-6 are potential biomarkers of breast cancer patients with significant correlation with bad clinicopathological characteristics. Serum YBX-1 and IL-6 have superior sensitivity and specificity compared to CA15-3 and can serve as potential follow up and prognostic markers.

1STC1在乳腺癌中的作用研究进展

乳腺癌是目前全球女性恶性肿瘤发病率最高的一种疾病,是一种高度异质性疾病,可根据其不同分子指标表达分为4种分子亚型,具有不同的组织学、临床行为和预后特征。锡钙素-1(STC1)是一种分泌型糖蛋白激素,目前已被证实可调节钙和磷酸盐的稳态,STC1在哺乳动物的各种组织中表达,并参与多种生理和病理生理过程。同时越来越多的证据表明STC1在多种不同类型的肿瘤中起致癌作用。为了进一步理清STC1与乳腺癌之间的关系,通过大量文献阅读及总结,总结分析了STC1与乳腺癌现有的研究数据,探索STC1与乳腺癌发生、发展、治疗预后等一系列的相关证据,并讨论其在乳腺癌各亚型中的潜在作用,为今后的研究找寻方向。

lncRNA AC092718.4对HER2阳性乳腺癌耐药性的影响及其可能机制

目的探讨长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)AC092718.4对人类表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)阳性乳腺癌耐药性的影响及其可能机制。方法(1)获取曲妥珠单抗非耐药及耐药HER2阳性乳腺癌患者的乳腺癌组织(设为非耐药组、耐药组),检测其lncRNA AC092718.4、miR-135a-5p、S100钙结合蛋白P(S100P)mRNA和蛋白的表达水平。(2)以对曲妥珠单抗不敏感的HER2阳性乳腺癌细胞系MDA-MB-361细胞作为原发耐药细胞模型,以乳腺癌细胞株BT-474细胞为亲本,构建对曲妥珠单抗继发耐药的细胞模型(BT-474/TRA细胞)。检测3种细胞中lncRNA AC092718.4、miR-135a-5p、S100P mRNA和蛋白的表达水平。经同一浓度曲妥珠单抗干预48 h后,检测3种细胞的活力。(3)取MDA-MB-361细胞分为sh-AC092718.4组、sh-NC组、对照组进行实验,其中sh-AC092718.4组细胞和sh-NC组分别转染sh-AC092718.4和sh-NC,对照组细胞未经任何处理。经同一浓度曲妥珠单抗干预48 h后,检测3组细胞的活力。(4)采用starBase和TargetScan分别预测lncRNA AC092718.4和miR-135a-5p的潜在靶标。通过双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证lncRNA AC092718.4与miR-135a-5p之间、miR-135a-5p与S100P之间的靶向结合情况。结果(1)与非耐药组相比,耐药组lncRNA AC092718.4、S100P mRNA、S100P蛋白表达水平升高,miR-135a-5p表达水平降低(P<0.05)。(2)与BT-474细胞相比,BT-474/TRA细胞及MDA-MB-361细胞的lncRNA AC092718.4、S100P mRNA、S100P蛋白表达水平升高,miR-135a-5p表达水平降低,曲妥珠单抗干预48 h后的细胞活力更大(P<0.05)。(3)与对照组和sh-NC组比较,sh-AC092718.4组MDA-MB-361细胞活力降低(P<0.05)。(4)starBase预测结果显示,lncRNA AC092718.4与miR-135a-5p有靶向结合位点;TargetScan预测结果显示,miR-135a-5p与S100P有靶向结合位点。荧光素酶报告基因实验结果提示,lncRNA AC092718.4可与miR-135a-5p直接结合,S100P是miR-135a-5p的靶基因。结论LncRNA AC092718.4促进乳腺癌细胞对曲妥珠单抗产生耐药性,下调lncRNA AC092718.4表达可减轻MDA-MB-361细胞对曲妥珠单抗的耐药性,其机制可能涉及lncRNA AC092718.4作为竞争性内源RNA竞争性结合miR-135a-5p,从而上调S100P的表达。

PD-L1、miR-29a、miR let-7a对三阴性乳腺癌患者预后的评估价值分析

目的探讨程序性死亡蛋白配体-1(PD-L1)、微小RNA-29a(miR-29a)、微小RNA let-7a(miR let-7a)在三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)患者预后评估中的临床价值。方法将67例TNBC患者作为观察组,同期收治的67例乳腺良性肿物患者作为对照组。所有患者均采集标本送检,测定PD-L1表达水平,并采集5 ml空腹静脉血,采用实时荧光定量PCR法测定miR-29a、miR let-7a表达情况,分析PD-L1、miR-29a、miR let-7a与其临床病理特征及预后的关系。结果观察组PD-L1阳性率、miR-29a表达量、miR let-7a表达量高于对照组,PD-L1阳性组临床分期Ⅲ期、淋巴结转移率高于PD-L1阴性组,临床分期Ⅲ期、淋巴结转移患者miR-29a、miR let-7a表达水平高于临床分期Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、无淋巴结转移患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);67例患者随访3年后存活率为59.70%(40/67);PD-L1阳性患者存活率低于PD-L1阴性患者,存活者miR-29a、miR let-7a表达水平低于死亡组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论PD-L1、miR-29a、miR let-7a在TNBC中呈高表达,与临床分期、淋巴结转移关系密切,且高表达患者存活率更低,可作为临床评估预后的重要指标。

EFFECTS OF NEOADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY ON MDR1 AND MRP GENE EXPRESSION IN PRIMARY BREAST CANCER

Objective: To investigate the effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on the expression of drug resistance genes, multidrug resistance-1 (MDR1) and multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP), in patients with primary breast cancer. Methods: MDR1 and MRP expression were detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR in 20 patients with primary breast cancer, before and after chemotherapy. Results: Before chemotherapy, MDR1 and MRP expression can be detected in 15 cases (75%) and 18 cases (90%) respectively. After chemotherapy, expression of MDR1 is not significantly different from that before chemotherapy, but expression of MRP is significantly different from that before chemotherapy. Conclusion: Expression of drug resistance gene MRP, but not MDR1, is enhanced in patients with primary breast cancer submitted to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Clinicopathological significance of PTEN,Twist1 and PD1^(+)tumor infiltration lymphocytes in triple negative breast cancer

Objective:To study the prognostic features and relationships of PTEN,Twist1 and PD1+tumor infiltration lymphocytes(TILPD1)in triple negative breast cancer(TNBC)by retrospectively analyzing clinicopathological data from patients and immunohistochemical methods.Methods:Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded(FFPE)specimens of 76 TNBC patients and 46 other subtypes breast cancer patients(NTNBC)were collected in the first affiliated hospital of Bengbu Medical College.These specimen were then immunohistochemically evaluated for expression of PTEN,Twist1 and TILPD1.We also collected clinicopathological features and prognostic data from these patients,who have been followed up regularly through telephone until now.Statistical methods were taken to correlate expression level of different biomarkers and the clinical data.Results:Compared with NTNBC patients,degree of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and Twist1 expression was higher in TNBC patients.In TNBC tissues,PTEN was negatively correlated with Twist1 and TILPD1 expression,Twist1 was positively correlated with TILPD1 expression,and TILPD1 expression was significantly positively correlated with tumor stromal TIL infiltration(P=0.012,0.031,0.019,0.035).In addition,PTEN was negatively correlated with the clinical stage of tumor(P=0.002),and was also correlated with TIL infiltration,tumor metastasis rate and histological grade.Univariate and multivariate survival analyses showed that patients with lower TNM grade,no lymph node or distant metastasis had better clinical prognosis,while PTEN deficiency and TILPD1 overexpression were independent risk factors of patients with TNBC.Conclusion:Our results suggest that PTEN downregulation and TILPD1 overexpression may predict an unfavorable prognosis for TNBC patients.Thus,these two biomarkers present the potential as two prognostic predictor for TNBC.

乳腺癌组织NRIP1、DUSP14表达及其与患者预后的关系

目的探讨核受体相互作用蛋白1(NRIP1)和双特异性磷酸酶(DUSP14)在乳腺癌组织中的表达及二者与乳腺癌患者预后的关系。方法选取2015年6月至2018年1月该院收治的乳腺癌患者124例作为研究对象,并在术后进行为期60个月的随访。免疫组织化学法检测患者乳腺癌组织及其癌旁组织中NRIP1、DUSP14的表达,分析NRIP1、DUSP14表达水平与乳腺癌临床病理特征的关系,多因素Cox回归分析乳腺癌患者预后的影响因素,Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析乳腺癌患者术后5年的生存率。结果与癌旁组织阳性表达率比较,乳腺癌组织中NRIP1阳性表达率较高,DUSP14阳性表达率较低(P<0.05);乳腺癌组织中NRIP1的表达水平与组织学分级、临床分期、淋巴结转移、雌激素受体及Ki-67有关(P<0.05),DUSP14的表达与组织学分级、临床分期、淋巴结转移及Ki-67有关(P<0.05);NRIP1阴性表达患者术后5年生存率明显高于NRIP1阳性表达患者(P<0.05),DUSP14阴性表达患者术后5年生存率明显低于DUSP14阳性表达患者(P<0.05);NRIP1、临床分期、淋巴结转移是乳腺癌患者预后不良的危险因素(P<0.05),DUSP14是患者预后的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论乳腺癌组织NRIP1高表达,DUSP14低表达,且二者与乳腺癌患者预后不良有关。

PGK1-coupled HSP90 stabilizes GSK3βexpression to regulate the stemness of breast cancer stem cells

Objective:Glycogen synthase kinase-3β(GSK3β)has been recognized as a suppressor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling,which is critical for the stemness maintenance of breast cancer stem cells.However,the regulatory mechanisms of GSK3βprotein expression remain elusive.Methods:Co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectral assays were performed to identify molecules binding to GSK3β,and to characterize the interactions of GSK3β,heat shock protein 90(Hsp90),and co-chaperones.The role of PGK1 in Hsp90 chaperoning GSK3βwas evaluated by constructing 293T cells stably expressing different domains/mutants of Hsp90α,and by performing a series of binding assays with bacterially purified proteins and clinical specimens.The influences of Hsp90 inhibitors on breast cancer stem cell stemness were investigated by Western blot and mammosphere formation assays.Results:We showed that GSK3βwas a client protein of Hsp90.Hsp90,which did not directly bind to GSK3β,interacted with phosphoglycerate kinase 1 via its C-terminal domain,thereby facilitating the binding of GSK3βto Hsp90.GSK3β-bound PGK1 interacted with Hsp90 in the“closed”conformation and stabilized GSK3βexpression in an Hsp90 activity-dependent manner.The Hsp90 inhibitor,17-AAG,rather than HDN-1,disrupted the interaction between Hsp90 and PGK1,and reduced GSK3βexpression,resulting in significantly reduced inhibition ofβ-catenin expression,to maintain the stemness of breast cancer stem cells.Conclusions:Our findings identified a novel regulatory mechanism of GSK3βexpression involving metabolic enzyme PGK1-coupled Hsp90,and highlighted the potential for more effective cancer treatment by selecting Hsp90 inhibitors that do not affect PGK1-regulated GSK3βexpression.

组蛋白H2A去泛素化酶BAP1对恶性胶质瘤细胞发生发展的作用及临床应用价值研究

目的探索乳腺癌/卵巢癌易感基因1相关蛋白1(breast/ovarian cancer susceptibility gene 1 associated protein 1,BAP1)对人源恶性胶质瘤发生、发展的作用与BAP1作为恶性胶质瘤临床诊断标志物的可行性。方法基于基因表达综合数据库(gene expression omnibus,GEO)的子数据集GSE4290,GSE90598,分析BAP1在正常组织及胶质瘤组织中的差异性表达情况;受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析BAP1对恶性胶质瘤的早期诊断价值;选取自主收集的非配对28例恶性胶质瘤患者的原发灶组织、5例颅脑外伤患者内减压术切除的非瘤脑组织,采用实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,qRT-PCR)检测BAP1的表达水平;利用靶向BAP1的特异性小干扰RNAs(small interfering RNAs,siRNAs)瞬时转染U251细胞系,进一步检测其干涉效率;基于流式细胞仪分析BAP1下调的U251细胞系,其细胞周期、凋亡的变化情况。结果生物信息学结果显示,BAP1在恶性胶质瘤组织中的表达水平均低于正常脑组织(GSE4290:1209±18.49 vs 1476±53.90;GSE90598:5.19±0.10 vs 5.65±0.21),差异具有统计学意义(t=5.115,2.267,均P<0.05)。ROC曲线显示,BAP1可高效区分恶性胶质瘤组织与正常脑组织(GSE4290:AUC=0.78;GSE90598:AUC=0.75,均P<0.05)。临床标本结果显示,BAP1在恶性胶质瘤原发灶组织中的表达水平显著低于非瘤脑组织(0.27±0.04 vs 1.06±0.07),差异具有统计学意义(t=10.22,P<0.001)。在U251细胞系中下调BAP1的表达,其细胞周期中S期细胞比例明显增多,由17.59%分别增至27.21%(siBAP1-1)和25.79%(siBAP1-2),差异具有统计学意义(t=6.576,6.642,均P<0.01),而细胞凋亡水平则有所下降,由10.17%分别降至2.70%(siBAP-1)和3.00%(siBAP-2),差异具有统计学意义(t=10.31,9.428,均P<0.01)。结论组蛋白H2A去泛素化酶BAP1能够通过抑制恶性胶质瘤细胞周期快速进展并促进其凋亡,进而发挥肿瘤抑癌基因的功能,可作为潜在的恶性胶质瘤临床诊断标志物。

基于数据库挖掘分析PDZK1与乳腺癌氟维司群耐药的相关性

目的 探讨在乳腺癌氟维司群耐药中发挥关键作用的基因。方法 通过GEO公共数据库筛选两组氟维司群耐药细胞数据集,获取与氟维司群耐药相关的基因,分析蛋白互作网络(PPI)蛋白互作网络,筛选关键耐药基因,结合TCGA数据库分析关键基因临床预后相关性,通过细胞模型验证其生物学功能。结果 GEO数据库分析发现PDZ结构域蛋白1(PDZK1)在氟维司群耐药株呈显著低表达(P<0.05)。TCGA数据库显示PKZK1高表达与肿瘤临床分期呈显著负相关,分析发现PDZK1表达与乳腺癌患者预后良好显著相关,在乳腺癌细胞模型中过表达PDZK1基因可以提升氟维司群治疗的敏感度。结论 PDZK1的表达与氟维司群治疗耐药呈负相关,雌激素受体阳性乳腺癌患者中PDZK1高表达人群选择氟维司群治疗的临床获益更大。

遗传性卵巢癌中乳腺癌抑制蛋白1/2和错配修复蛋白MutS同源物2基因突变的意义研究

目的研究遗传性卵巢癌中乳腺癌抑制蛋白1/2(BRCA1/2)和错配修复蛋白MutS同源物2(MSH2)基因突变意义。方法选取2019年6月至2023年6月于新余市人民医院就诊的13例家族遗传性卵巢癌患者及家系中5名Ⅰ代健康亲属、20名Ⅱ/Ⅲ代健康亲属作为研究对象。采集所有研究对象空腹静脉血5 ml,分离提取DNA行聚合酶链式反应扩增后直接测序比对,研究遗传性卵巢癌家族中有意义的错义突变基因。结果13例家族遗传性卵巢癌患者临床分期以Ⅲ期、组织分级以低-中分化、有淋巴结肿转移为主。13例患者基因测序显示,BRCA1基因发现突变6处中,无意义突变3处,新发现突变3处。新发现3处突变中3780A>G、5069A>G造成氨基酸变化,3326A>T突变造成Arg突变成终止密码子,共同存在突变为3326A>T。BRCA2基因测序检测出突变6处,无意义突变5处,其中共同存在突变为1342A>C。MSH2基因测序发现无意义突变2处。健康家系中,携带BRCA1基因3326A>T突变3例(12.00%),携带BRCA2基因1342A>C突变12例(48.00%),其余女性测序结果正常。结论BRCA1基因杂合突变3326A>T和BRCA2基因杂合突变1342A>C是遗传性卵巢癌家族发病的致病基因,可为临床早发现、早诊断、早治疗提供指导。

UPF1影响AU565乳腺癌细胞侵袭、迁移及EMT的机制

目的 探讨上游移码蛋白1(UPF1)对人乳腺癌细胞AU565侵袭、迁移及上皮间充质转化(EMT)的影响及机制研究。方法 收集2021年9月—2022年3月于我院接受乳腺切除术43例乳腺癌患者新鲜癌组织及正常乳腺组织,制备石蜡块,免疫组织化学法检测UPF1表达情况。购置人乳腺癌细胞系AU565及人乳腺上皮细胞系DU4475,激光共聚焦扫描显微镜法测定UPF1水平。采用小干扰RNA(siRNA)技术构建UPF1低表达的重组细胞,分析转染siRNA-UPF1对AU565细胞侵袭、迁移能力以及EMT相关蛋白表达和蛋白激酶B/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(Akt/mTOR)信号通路的影响。结果 乳腺癌组织UPF1的吸光度值显著高于正常乳腺组织(P<0.05)。AU565细胞UPF1荧光强度显著大于DU4475细胞(P<0.05)。与siRNA-NC组比较,转染siRNA-UPF1后AU565细胞中UPF1蛋白及mRNA表达水平均显著降低(P<0.05)。与siRNA-NC组比较,转染siRNA-UPF1后AU565细胞穿膜率和细胞迁移率均显著增加(P<0.05)。转染siRNA-UPF1后AU565细胞E-candherin蛋白表达水平显著降低,Vimentin和N-cadherin蛋白表达水平显著升高(P<0.05)。转染siRNA-UPF1后AU565细胞p-Akt和p-mTOR水平显著升高(P<0.05)。结论 UPF1在乳腺癌中表达上调,但沉默UPF1可能通过激活Akt/mTOR通路传导,促进乳腺癌细胞AU565的侵袭和迁移,并诱导EMT发生。