Ultrasonographic features of breast ductalcarcinoma in situ

Objective The aims of this study were to analyze ultrasound features of breast ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS) and to evaluate the value of ultrasonography(US) in early diagnosis of DCIS.Methods From July 2013 to March 2015,180 patients with histologically proven DCIS were evaluated.US features recorded included the size,shape,margins,internal echogenicity,microcalcifications,posterior echogenicity,and blood supply.The data were analyzed and compared with mammographic and histologic findings.Results Among 180 cases of DCIS,168 patients had positive findings on US;the lesions were divided into 3 categories:(1) hypoechoic lesions with or without microcalcifications(n=94);(2) hypoechoic dilated ducts with or without microcalcifications(n=59);(3) microcalcifications alone without any other findings(n=15).Of the 180 lesions,microcalcifications were demonstrated by mammography in 128(71%);among these 128 lesions,90 were identified with microcalcifications on US.Only 80 cases(44%) manifested as masses or asymmetric densities on mammography.The diagnostic accuracy of US and mammography was 67%(120/180) and 69%(124/180),respectively,which can be improved to 80%(144/180) if US is combined with mammography.Conclusion US can be used as an important tool in diagnosis of DCIS.The combination of US and mammography can improve the diagnostic accuracy of breast DCIS.

Expression of Presenilin-2 and Glutathione S Transferase π and Their Clinical Significance in Breast Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma

To investigate the expressions of presenilin-2 (PS2) and glutathione Stransferase π (GSTπ) and their roles in prognosis and therapy of breast infiltrating ductalcarcinoma. Methods: The paraffin-embedded specimens of 210 patients with breast infiltrating ductalcarcinoma were examined by using LSAB immunohistochemistry for the expression of PS2 and GSTπ.Results: The expression rate of PS2 and GSTπ was 49.5% (104/210) and 48.1% (101/210) respectively.The 5-year and 10-year postoperative survival rates in 4 groups, from high to low, were group 1 (PS2positive expression/GSTπ negative expression), group 2 (PS2 positive expression/GSTπ positiveexpression), group 3 (PS2 negative expression/GSTπ negative expression) and group 4 (PS2 negativeexpression/GSTπ positive expression) in turn. Conclusion: The prognosis of the group 1 was thebest, followed by the group 2, group 3 and group 4 in turn. These results suggested that thereasonable use of endocrinotherapy and chemotherapy for patients with breast infiltrating ductalcarcinoma is necessary.

Histological Grading in Ductal Carcinoma in Situ of the Breast

Objective: To study the significance of histological grading as a prognostic factor in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Methods: According to the Van Nuy’s classification, 32 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast were divided into three groups. Results: Low grade (well differentiated, low grade DCIS) 12 patients (37.5%); Intermediate grade, 9 patients (28.1%); High grade (poorly differentiated DCIS) 11 patients (34.4%). Among the high grade DCIS, the histologic subtypes were comedo (9 patients), micropapillary (1 patient) and solid (1 patient). The positive expression of c-erbB-2, p53 and MIB-1 in high grade DCIS was higher than that in intermediate and low grade DCIS. The difference between high grade and low grade DCIS was significant (p<0.05). The expression of ER in high grade DCIS was lower than that in intermediate and low grade DCIS. Conclusions: Histological grading of breast ductal carcinoma in situ may be a good prognostic factor.

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of Breast

Objective： To detect the expression of VEGF and MVD count in invasive ductal carcinoma of breast to clarify the association of VEGF expression and MVD count with the clinicopathologic features. Methods： The expressions of VEGF, ER, PR, C-erbB-2 and MVD count in 88 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma of breast were examined by immunohistochemistry staining （SP-method）. Results： Sixty-two out of the eighty-eight specimens of breast carcinoma （70.45%） showed positive expression of VEGF. The positive rate of VEGF in cases with lymph node metastasis was higher than that without lymph node metastasis （P〈0.05）. The positive rate of VEGF in stage IIb-Ⅲ was higher than that in stage Ⅰ-Ⅱa （P〈0.05）. The positive rate of VEGF in C-erbB-2 positive group was higher than that in C-erbB-2 negative group （P〈0.05）. Higher expression of VEGF was observed in cases with higher tissue differentiation degree （P〈0.05）. Also, significant higher MVD count was observed in cases with higher tissue differentiation degree （P〈0.01）. The MVD count increased significantly with the increase of the expression of VEGF （P〈0.01）. Conclusion： The result of this study suggested that in invasive ductal carcinoma of breast, angiogenesis and metastasis were mediated mainly by VEGF. The expression of VEGF and MVD might be reference predictors for the biological behavior of breast carcinoma. The antiangiogenic therapy which used VEGF as a target would become a new method to treat patients who were C-erbB-2 positive in the future.

Infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance:A case report

BACKGROUND Infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance(MGUS)is rare and easily misdiagnosed.Most patients are first diagnosed with MGUS.We report a rare case of MGUS secondary to infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma.We also review the literature to analyze the clinical characteristics and diagnostic methods.CASE SUMMARY A 51-year-old woman underwent modified radical mastectomy for infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the right breast and was then treated with radiation and chemotherapy.A decreased platelet count was found on routine blood examination,and MGUS was subsequently diagnosed.This is the first report of the occurrence of MGUS after breast cancer surgery.CONCLUSION Vigilance is required to distinguish this rare comorbidity from breast plasmacytoma.

Clinical Pathological Analysis in 104 Ductal Breast Cancer Cases

Ductal breast cancer is a clinically heterogeneous disease;we investigate the correlation between tumor size, comedo necrosis, number of cell mitoses and axillary lymph node metastasis in ductal breast cancer. In this study, 104 ductal breast cancer specimens were collected and divided into 3 groups: T1 group (tumor size ≤ 2 cm), T2 group (2 5.0 cm). Among those specimens, 95 cases were diagnosed with invasive ducted carcinoma, and 9 cases were ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS). Results show that T3 group has a higher rate of axillary lymph node metastasis than T2 group and T1 group;T2 group has a higher rate of lymph node metastasis than T1 group. The patients with the number of cell mitoses (≥10) were also has a higher rate of axillary lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0139) than the patients with the number of cell mitoses (<10). No significance was found between comedo necrosis lesions and axillary lymph node metastasis, though the frequency of comedo necrosis lesions in patients with axillary lymph node metastasis was higher than those in non-metastatic patients. It is concluded that the tumor size and the number of cell mitoses were risk factors for axillary lymph node involvement in ductal breast cancer.

Tumor characteristics of ductal carcinoma in situ of breast visualized on [F-18] fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography: Results from a retrospective study

AIM To clarify clinicopathological features of ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS) visualized on [F-18] fluorodeoxyglucosepositron emission tomography/computed tomography(FDG-PET/CT).METHODS This study retrospectively reviewed 52 consecutive tumors in 50 patients with pathologically proven pure DCIS who underwent [F-18] FDG-PET/CT before surgery. [F-18] FDG-PET/CT was performed after biopsy in all patients. The mean interval from biopsy to [F-18] FDGPET/CT was 29.2 d. [F-18] FDG uptake by visual analysis and maximum standardized uptake value(SUVmax) was compared with clinicopathological characteristics.RESULTS[F-18] FDG uptake was visualized in 28 lesions(53.8%) and the mean and standard deviation of SUVmax was 1.63 and 0.90. On univariate analysis, visual analysis and the SUVmax were associated with symptomatic presentation(P = 0.012 and 0.002, respectively), palpability(P = 0.030 and 0.024, respectively), use of core-needle biopsy(CNB)(P = 0.023 and 0.012, respectively), ultrasound-guided biopsy(P = 0.040 and 0.006, respectively), enhancing lesion ≥ 20 mm on magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)(P = 0.001 and 0.010, respectively), tumor size ≥ 20 mm on histopathology(P = 0.002 and 0.008, respectively). However, [F-18] FDG uptake parameters were not significantly associated with age, presence of calcification on mammography, mass formation on MRI, presence of comedo necrosis, hormone status(estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2), and nuclear grade. The factors significantly associated with visual analysis and SUVmax were symptomatic presentation(P = 0.019 and 0.001, respectively), use of CNB(P = 0.001 and 0.031, respectively), and enhancing lesion ≥ 20 mm on MRI(P = 0.001 and 0.049, respectively) on multivariate analysis.CONCLUSION Although DCIS of breast is generally non-avid tumor, symptomatic and large tumors(≥ 20 mm) tend to be visualized on [F-18] FDG-PET/CT.

Sentinel lymph node biopsy in clinically detected ductal carcinoma in situ

AIM:To study the indications for sentinel lymph node biopsy(SLNB) in clinically-detected ductal carcinoma in situ(CD-DCIS).METHODS:A retrospective analysis of 20 patients with an initial diagnosis of pure DCIS by an image-guided core needle biopsy(CNB) between June 2006 and June 2012 was conducted at King Faisal Specialist Hospital.The accuracy of performing SLNB in CD-DCIS,the rate of sentinel and non-sentinel nodal metastasis,and the histologic underestimation rate of invasive cancer at initial diagnosis were analyzed.The inclusion criteria were a preoperative diagnosis of pure DCIS with no evidence of invasion.We excluded any patient with evidence of microinvasion or invasion.There were two cases of mammographically detected DCIS and 18 cases of CDDCIS.All our patients were diagnosed by an imageguided CNB except two patients who were diagnosed by fine needle aspiration(FNA).All patients underwent breast surgery,SLNB,and axillary lymph node dissection(ALND) if the SLN was positive.RESULTS:Twenty patients with an initial diagnosis of pure DCIS underwent SLNB,2 of whom had an ALND.The mean age of the patients was 49.7 years(range,35-70).Twelve patients(60%) were premenopausal and 8(40%) were postmenopausal.CNB was the diagnostic procedure for 18 patients,and 2 who were diagnosed by FNA were excluded from the calculation of the underestimation rate.Two out of 20 had a positive SLNB and underwent an ALND and neither had additional non sentinel lymph node metastasis.Both the sentinel visualization rate and the intraoperative sentinel identification rate were 100%.The false negative rate was 0%.Only 2 patients had a positive SLNB(10%) and neither had additional metastasis following an ALND.After definitive surgery,3 patients were upstaged to invasive ductal carcinoma(3/18 = 16.6%) and 3 other patients were upstaged to DCIS with microinvasion(3/18 = 16.6%).Therefore the histologic underestimation rate of invasive disease was 33%.CONCLUSION:SLNB in CD-DCIS is technically feasible and highly accurate.We recommend limiting SLNB to patients undergoing a mastectomy.

An AAS Dependent Method for Quantitative Analysis of Essential Trace Elements from Blood Samples of Pakistani Female Breast Cancer Patients

Breast cancer is the second leading cancer in the world. The long-term exposure of some metallic compounds induces different forms of cancer, including breast cancer. Trace elements are essential metals for the physiological functions of the cell on a molecular level and also contribute in treatment of many diseases. The aim of study was to compare the level of essential trace elements, sodium, potassium, calcium, iron, and zinc in breast cancer patients with normal healthy adult women. Total forty-five patients (age range from 25 - 73 years) were included in this study and divided into three groups according to three different stages of breast cancer including tumor-II, tumor-III and tumor-IV. Blood was collected from all participants after taking history, clinical data and taking consent. However, about fifteen non-cancer healthy women in age range from 26 - 69 years were subjected to this study. The elemental concentrations were determined through atomic absorption spectrophotometer subsequent to microwave-induced acid digestion. The results of Na, K, Zn, Fe, Ca, were observed to decrease in blood samples of breast cancer patients as compared to non-cancer subjects. The results are reliable with other numerous literature reported studies, the efficiency, and deficiency of these trace metals may contribute an important role in the progress of breast cancer.

Immunohistochemical Biomarkers in Ductal Carcinoma <i>In Situ</i>

Introduction: Breast ductal carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) can be defined as a malignant epithelial proliferation with growth limited by the basal membrane of the ductal epithelium, with no evidence of stromal invasion. There has been a trend of trying to subcategorize DCIS based on cell proliferation assays (Ki67) and the expression of hormone receptors and the human epidermal growth receptor (HER-2) as detected by immunohistochemistry, similar to invasive breast carcinomas (IBC). The aims were to evaluate the expression of breast cancer marker proteins in DCIS by immunohistochemistry to better categorize it. Methods: 46 biopsies from women with DCIS and IBC Luminal A-like were evaluated by immunohistochemistry staining of proteins already known to be biomarkers in IBC. For controls, normal breast tissue from mammoplasty (n = 3) was used. Results: Our results showed an increase of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression relative to that in normal tissue samples (p < 0.0001). No differences in steroid hormone expression patterns were seen between DCIS and IBC tumors (p = 0.3145;p = 0.7341, respectively). The proliferation levels of the DCIS and IBC samples were similar as evaluated by the Ki67 labeling index. Only 12.90% of samples showed amplification of HER-2. Conclusion: The biology of DCIS is not well understood given the complexity and heterogeneity of the disease, which makes it important to better sub-categorize this tumor, especially considering the possibility of identifying DCIS cases with the potential for recurrence and evolution into IBC.

Clinicopathological Profile of Breast Cancer Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kashmir Valley

Introduction: Breast cancer is the commonest malignancy in women worldwide. There are considerable variations in risk factors and presentation of the disease region wise. The present study aimed to describe clinical and pathological profile of breast cancer patients attending tertiary care hospital. Method: All consenting patients attending to surgical out-patient department (OPD) with complaints pertaining to breast disease were enrolled from 16th June 2015 to 15th June 2016. The patients were followed and demographic, clinical and pathologic information was recorded and analysed. Results: Total Of 180 patients with breast disease were enrolled. 34/100 were diagnosed of malignancy and formed the cases of the present study. Age of the patients ranged from 22 to 60 years with mean age of 42.06 ± 10.7 years. All the patients presented as breast lump variably associated with pain or discharge. Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma Not Otherwise Specified (IDC NOS) was common histologic diagnosis (76.47%). Conclusion: Breast carcinoma presents with painless lump and patients are usually diagnosed in our setup at locally advanced stage. Implementation of the simple and effective screening programs for early detection is urgent need in our population.

磁共振弛豫时间定量成像预测乳腺浸润性导管癌分子亚型的价值

目的探讨磁共振弛豫时间定量成像对乳腺浸润性导管癌(IDC)分子亚型的预测价值。方法对79例IDC患者行MRI常规扫描及弛豫时间定量成像,根据病灶免疫组化结果分为不同的免疫组化指标组、分子亚型组,比较各组病灶MRI征象、T_(1)值、T_(2)值差异,并采用受检者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价单独使用T_(1)、T_(2)值及二者联用对IDC分子亚型的鉴别诊断价值。结果79例患者共82个病灶中,Luminal A型16个(19.51%)、Luminal B1型11个(13.41%)、Luminal B2型27个(32.93%)、酪氨酸激酶受体-2过度表达型(Erb-B2过表达型)14个(17.07%)、三阴型(TNBC)14个(17.07%)。各分子亚型患者年龄、病灶分布、最大径、形态、边缘、强化表现差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。免疫组化指标中仅Ki-67阳性组T_(1)值高于阴性组(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,Ki-67阳性病灶T_(1)值临界值为2145 ms,约登指数为0.368,敏感度为53.47%,特异度为83.33%,曲线下面积(AUC)为0.640(95%CI:0.527~0.744)。Luminal A、Luminal B1、Luminal B2、Erb-B2过表达型、TNBC分子亚型间T_(1)、T_(2)值差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),而Luminal型病灶T_(1)、T_(2)值均低于TNBC型(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,联合T_(1)、T_(2)值鉴别Luminal型/TNBC型的效能优于单独使用T_(1)、T_(2)值。结论T_(1)mapping可作为预测IDC肿瘤Ki-67高低表达程度的方法之一,联合使用T_(1)、T_(2)值可提高预测Luminal型/TNBC型的效能。

乳腺MRI导管异常信号作为伴随征象的鉴别诊断意义

目的探讨乳腺MRI导管异常信号作为伴随征象的鉴别诊断意义。方法选取经病理证实的乳腺纤维腺瘤及(或)腺病、肉芽肿性小叶性乳腺炎(granulomatous lobular mastitis,GLM)、乳腺癌(breast cancer,BC)共172例患者,将172例患者按三类疾病分为三组;乳腺纤维腺瘤及(或)腺病组、GLM组、BC组,对预扫描导管高信号及导管样强化在三组数据的阳性率进行卡方检验,判断差异是否有统计学意义。多元logistic回归分析导管样异常信号对鉴别三类病变的价值。结果预扫描导管高信号三组阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),导管样强化三组阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元logistic回归分析:以纤维腺瘤及(或)腺病组为对照,导管样强化增加GLM诊断的可能性差异有统计学意义(OR=10.011,95%CI 3.492-28.703,P<0.001)。以BC组为对照,导管样强化增加GLM诊断的可能性差异有统计学意义(OR=4.435,95%CI 1.772-11.096,P=0.001)。结论导管样强化对GLM诊断具有一定价值。

HRD1、P53、HER2水平与乳腺浸润性导管癌临床病理特征的关系

目的研究HRD1、P53,HER2与乳腺浸润性导管癌临床病理特征的关系。方法选取确诊并实施相关治疗的82例乳腺癌患者为此次试验的对象,收集全部患者的癌旁组织以及癌组织石蜡切片,应用免疫组织化学EliVi-sion两步法比较癌旁组织以及癌组织中HRD1、P53、HER2水平,分析HRD1、P53、HER2与乳腺浸润性导管癌临床病理特征的相关性。结果癌组织中HRD1(χ^(2)=5.502,P=0.019)、P53(χ^(2)=6.552,P=0.011)、HER2(χ^(2)=5.512,P=0.023)的阳性表达率显著高于癌旁组织;脉管侵犯有无、不同肿瘤直径、TNM不同分期以及淋巴结是否发生转移患者的P53、HRD1、HER2表达水平存在差异(P<0.05);相关性分析发现,患者的肿瘤直径、脉管侵犯、TNM分期以及淋巴结转移情况与患者的HRD1、P53、HER2水平呈正相关。结论HRD1、P53、HER2与乳腺浸润性导管癌临床病理特征呈现显著的相关性,可作为日后治疗的重要靶点。

The Impact of Ethnicity on the Incidence, Tumor Characteristics and Treatment of Ductal Carcinoma in Situ—An 11-Year Clinical Experience at a High Volume Teaching Hospital

Introduction: Screening mammography has led to a marked increase in detection of in situ breast tumors in the United States. The University of Southern California/Van Nuys Prognostic Index (USC/VNPI) predicts the recurrence rates of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS);however variations in tumor characteristics, USC/VNPI scores, receptor and human epithelial growth factor receptor (HER)-2/neu status across different ethnicities/races have not been well studied. This study aimed to evaluate the racial trends in incidence, patient demographics, tumor characteristics and treatment variations for patients with DCIS at a high volume teaching hospital. Methods: 395 women underwent surgical intervention for DCIS between 2000 and 2011. Their race/ethnicity was divided into five mutually exclusive categories and demographic and clinicopathological data was collected. Multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate variations in patient and tumor factors with respect to age, size and surgical management among different ethnicities and races. Results: 82.1% of Caucasian women underwent simple mastectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) while lumpectomy with SLNB was highest in Hispanics (40%, p = 0.005). Overall, there was no significant difference in the incidence of receptor or HER-2/neu positivity, multicentricity, necrosis or grade of DCIS in the various racial groups, but there was a significant racial difference in the USC/VNPI scores (p < 0.001). Conclusion: On a community level, screening detected DCIS accounted for the vast majority of DCIS diagnosed, which reflected national trends. Although no racial variation in DCIS with respect to patient or tumor characteristics was observed, a racial difference in USC/VNPI score was identified among the Hispanic population. Additional studies are required to validate the significance of these findings.

乳腺导管原位癌、导管原位癌伴微浸润及浸润性导管癌的分子分型差异性

目的:研究乳腺导管原位癌(DCIS)、导管原位癌伴微浸润(DCIS-MI)及浸润性导管癌(IDC)不同临床病理特征及分子分型间的差异。方法:回顾性分析本院2015年01月至2022年06月经病理确诊的乳腺癌患者。分析其临床病理资料,包括患者的年龄、雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)、人表皮生长因子受体-2(HER-2)、肿瘤细胞增殖活性标记物(Ki-67)、分子分型。采用χ^(2)检验或Fisher确切概率法比较三组患者临床病理表现的差异性。结果:本研究共计选取患者1167例,其中DCIS组为180例(15.42%),DCIS-MI组为67例(5.74%),IDC组为920例(78.83%)。DCIS、DCIS-MI及IDC患者在ER、PR、HER-2、Ki-67中阳性分布及分子分型均有显著差异,具有统计学意义(P<0.05),DCIS-MI患者多以HER-2过表达型为主,ER、PR状态多呈阴性,HER-2多呈阳性,高核分级。DCIS患者多以Luminal A型为主,Ki-67多呈低表达。高核级别、HER-2过表达、ER阴性、PR阴性是影响并促进乳腺DCIS进展为DCIS-MI的预测因子。IDC患者多以Luminal B型为主,ER、PR状态多呈阳性,Ki-67多呈高表达。而在年龄分布上无差异,无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:乳腺DCIS、DCIS-MI及IDC间免疫组化标记物和分子分型分布不同,与DCIS相比,DCIS-MI核异型性多呈高核分级,ER、PR阴性比例多,HER-2过表达型比例多,考虑DCIS-MI是独立存在的一种病变,较DCIS有“质”的改变,提示两者处于乳腺癌进展的不同阶段。

乳腺X线及MRI特征联合临床病理预测乳腺导管原位癌伴微浸润

目的探讨基于临床病理、乳腺X线(mammography,MG)和MRI特征预测乳腺导管原位癌伴微浸润(ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion,DCISM)的价值。材料与方法回顾性收集宁夏医科大学总医院2019年6月至2022年6月最终经手术病理证实为纯导管原位癌(ductal carcinoma in situ,DCIS)和DCISM的首诊女性患者的病例资料为训练组,评估术前患者的临床病理、MG和MRI特征。采用单、多因素logistic回归分析明确DCISM的独立危险因素,并建立联合模型。通过受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)及校准图评估模型的诊断效能,应用决策曲线分析(decision curve analysis,DCA)观察联合模型的临床实用性。前瞻性收集2022年7月至2023年7月符合纳入、排除标准的患者作为验证组进行验证。应用沙普利加和解释(Shapley Additive exPlanation,SHAP)分析联合模型中病灶最长径、核级别、坏死、Ki-67指数、P63状态、钙化状态和最小ADC值(minimum value of apparent diffusion coefficient,ADCmin)预测DCISM的价值。收集535例患者共550个病灶(15例患者为同时性双乳癌),患者年龄23~81岁,中位年龄50岁。训练组(n=382)中102个病灶(27%)和验证组(n=168)中52个病灶(31%)被诊断为DCISM。结果多因素logistic回归结果显示,病灶最长径、核级别、坏死、Ki-67指数、P63状态、钙化状态和ADCmin是DCISM的独立危险因素。基于上述参数构建临床病理及联合模型,在训练组和验证组中均表现出较高的预测效能(AUC:0.937、0.899)。根据SHAP分析,病灶最长径、Ki-67指数和ADCmin在联合模型中对预测DCISM起主要贡献,而钙化状态、核级别、P63状态和坏死是补充因素。结论联合临床病理及术前MG和MRI特征的预测模型可有效从纯DCIS区分出DCISM,从而提升临床决策和治疗规划的准确性。

Application of Dual-Energy Computed Tomography for Breast Cancer Diagnosis

The present study aimed to investigate the possibility of using dual-energy computed tomography (CT) before therapy to discriminate between normal breast tissue and tumor tissue in patients with breast cancer, without the need to use a contrast medium. The following patient data were extracted by interview and from the hospital’s radiology information system: height, weight, age, menstrual cycle, CT images of normal tissue and tumors with or without contrast medium, and the histopathological diagnosis of the aspiration biopsy. The median age of the 43 participants was 56 years (range, 30 - 80 years). The CT values were evaluated using a clinical analytical program based on the three-material decomposition technique. Breast cancer was classified into ductal carcinoma in situ, invasive ductal carcinoma, invasive lobular carcinoma, fibromatosis-like metaplastic carcinoma, and apocrine carcinoma. In all conditions, regardless of contrast medium, the CT values of tumor tissues were higher than those of normal breast tissue, indicating the effectiveness of dual-energy CT (DE-CT) in the diagnosis of breast cancer. By contrast, DE-CT showed limited potential for distinguishing ductal carcinoma in situ from invasive ductal carcinoma. There have only been a few reports regarding CT examination of breast cancer, and it is expected this study encourage the development of DE-CT imaging to improve tumor detection in patients with breast cancer.

数字化乳腺断层摄影对浸润性乳腺导管癌病灶大小测量准确性及影响因素分析

目的:探讨数字化乳腺断层摄影(digital breast tomosynthesis,DBT)评估浸润性乳腺导管癌(invasive mammary ductal carcinoma,IDC)病变大小的准确性,并分析其影响因素。方法:回顾性分析2019年03月至2022年08月在我院经手术病理确诊为IDC的145例患者的临床资料,所有患者术前均行DBT检查。以手术切除新鲜标本病理测量值为金标准,采用Spearman相关分析和Bland-Altman图比较DBT预估IDC病灶大小的相关性及一致性检验。采用多因素Logistic回归分析DBT测量IDC病灶大小不准确的预测因素。结果:DBT及病理测量病灶大小的中位数(四分位间距)分别为2.1(1.5,2.8)cm、2.5(2.0,3.0)cm。DBT检查测量病灶大小一致率为75.86%(110/145),低估病灶21.38%(31/145),高估病灶2.76%(4/145)。Spearman相关分析显示,DBT与病理测量IDC病灶大小呈中度正相关,r=0.575,P<0.001。Bland-Altman分析显示,DBT检查较病理金标准,略低估病灶大小,平均差值为-0.408 cm,95%CI为-0.559~-0.258。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,病理测量大小>2 cm及肿块形态不规则形是DBT测量IDC病灶大小不准确的独立危险因素(OR=8.110,95%CI为2.077~31.672,P=0.003;OR=0.301,95%CI为0.113~0.798,P=0.016)。结论:DBT检查测量IDC病灶大小与病理测量值呈中度相关,对IDC病灶大小测量一致率较高,可以作为IDC术前预估病灶大小的依据,但仍存在低估病灶大小的情况。病理测量大小>2 cm及肿块形态不规则形IDC更易出现测量病灶大小不准确。

超声特征列线图模型在乳腺导管原位癌和导管内乳头状瘤鉴别诊断中的应用

目的:分析乳腺导管原位癌(DCIS)和导管内乳头状瘤(IDP)的临床及超声特征,构建DCIS与IDP的列线图预测模型。方法:选取经病理证实的156例(212个)DCIS和158例(238个)IDP的患者资料,经单因素和多因素分析评估超声诊断DCIS的影响因素,建立诊断模型,明确各超声征象在诊断中的价值。结果:单因素分析结果显示,两组在年龄、病史、结节长径、体积、边缘、后方回声、钙化、彩色多普勒血流成像(CDFI)及阻力指数(RI)等方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,结节周围导管无异常、后方回声衰减、出现微钙化及RI≥0.70时,倾向于DCIS;结节周围导管为单纯性扩张或乏血供时,倾向于IDP。将这些指标纳入列线图模型,在训练集和验证集中均显示出较高的预测性能、校准和临床价值。结论:超声特征列线图模型可以便捷鉴别DCIS和IDP,当结节周围导管无异常、后方回声衰减、出现微钙化、RI≥0.70时应警惕DCIS的发生。