Research on Breeze Vibration Law and Modal Identification Method of Conductor Considering Anti-Vibration Hammer Damage

In the harsh environment,the structural health of the anti-vibration hammer,which suffers from the coupled effects of corrosion and fatigue damage,is significantly reduced.As part of the conductor structure,the anti-vibration hammer is rigidly attached to the conductor,effectively suppressing conductor vibration.The conductor’s breeze vibration law and natural modal frequency are altered damage to the anti-vibration hammer structure.Through built a vibration experiment platform to simulate multiple faults such as anti-vibration hammer head drop off and position slippage,which to obtained the vibration acceleration signal of the conductor.The acceleration vibration signal is processed and analyzed in the time and frequency domains.The results are used to derive the breeze vibration law of the conductor under multiple faults and propose an anti-vibration hammer damage online monitoring technology.The results show that the vibration acceleration value and vibration intensity of the conductor are significantly increased after the anti-vibration hammer damage.The natural frequency increases for each order,with an absolute change ranging from 0.15 to 6.49 Hz.The anti-vibration hammer slipped due to a loose connection,the 1st natural frequency increases from 8.18 to 16.62 Hz.Therefore,in engineering applications,there can be no contact to determine the anti-vibration hammer damage situation by monitoring the modal natural frequency of the conductor.This is even a tiny damage that cannot be seen.This method will prevent the further expansion of the damage that can cause accidents.

Characteristics of Lake Breezes and Their Impacts on Energy and Carbon Fluxes in Mountainous Areas

In mountainous lake areas, lake–land and mountain–valley breezes interact with each other, leading to an "extended lake breeze". These extended lake breezes can regulate and control energy and carbon cycles at different scales. Based on meteorological and turbulent fluxes data from an eddy covariance observation site at Erhai Lake in the Dali Basin,southwest China, characteristics of daytime and nighttime extended lake breezes and their impacts on energy and carbon dioxide exchange in 2015 are investigated. Lake breezes dominate during the daytime while, due to different prevailing circulations at night, there are two types of nighttime breezes. The mountain breeze from the Cangshan Mountain range leads to N1 type nighttime breeze events. When a cyclonic circulation forms and maintains in the southern part of Erhai Lake at night, its northern branch contributes to the formation of N2 type nighttime breeze events. The prevailing wind directions for daytime, N1, and N2 breeze events are southeast, west, and southeast, respectively. Daytime breeze events are more intense than N1 events and weaker than N2 events. During daytime breeze events, the lake breeze decreases the sensible heat flux(Hs) and carbon dioxide flux(F_(CO_2)) and increases the latent heat flux(LE). During N1 breeze events, the mountain breeze decreases Hs and LE and increases F_(CO_2). For N2 breeze events, the southeast wind from the lake surface increases Hs and LE and decreases suppress carbon dioxide exchange.

Numerical Simulations of a Florida Sea Breeze and Its Interactions with Associated Convection:Effects of Geophysical Representation and Model Resolution

The Florida peninsula in the USA has a frequent occurrence of sea breeze(SB)thunderstorms.In this study,the numerical simulation of a Florida SB and its associated convective initiation(CI)is simulated using the mesoscale community Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)model in one-way nested domains at different horizontal resolutions.Results are compared with observations to examine the accuracy of model-simulated SB convection and factors that influence SB CI within the simulation.It is found that the WRF model can realistically reproduce the observed SB CI.Differences are found in the timing,location,and intensity of the convective cells at different domains with various spatial resolutions.With increasing spatial resolution,the simulation improvements are manifested mainly in the timing of CI and the orientation of the convection after the sea breeze front(SBF)merger into the squall line over the peninsula.Diagnoses indicate that accurate representation of geophysical variables(e.g.,coastline and bay shape,small lakes measuring 10-30 km2),better resolved by the high resolution,play a significant role in improving the simulations.The geophysical variables,together with the high resolution,impact the location and timing of SB CI due to changes in low-level atmospheric convergence and surface sensible heating.More importantly,they enable Florida lakes(30 km2 and larger)to produce noticeable lake breezes(LBs)that collide with the SBFs to produce CI.Furthermore,they also help the model reproduce a stronger convective squall line caused by merging SBs,leading to more accurate locations of postfrontal convective systems.

The Structure and Evolution of Sea Breezes During the Qingdao Olympics Sailing Test Event in 2006

Using data from automatic surface weather stations, buoys, lidar and Doppler, the diurnal variation and the three-dimensional structure of the sea breezes near the sailing sites of the Good Luck Beijing- 2006 Qingdao International Regatta from 18 to 31 August 2006 are analyzed. Results show that excluding rainy days and days affected by typhoon, the sea breezes occur nearly every day during this period. When Qingdao is located at the edge of the subtropical high at 500 hPa, the sea breeze is usually stronger, around 3-4 m s^-1. It starts at around 1100 to 1300 LST and lasts about 6 hours. The direction of the sea breeze tends to be southeasterly. When Qingdao is under the control of the subtropical high, the sea breeze is usually weaker, less than 2.5 m s^-1 throughout the day, and begins later, between 1300 and 1500 LST. In this case, the direction of the sea breeze is variable from easterly to southeasterly. Most sea breezes in Qingdao are very shallow, up to 300 meters deep. Strong sea breezes can reach 1.5 km in depth and can push as far as 100 km inland. If the Huanghai sea breeze moves inland and meets the sea breeze of the Jiaozhou Bay in the western part of Qingdao, the sea breeze will strengthen and form three boundaries due to the interaction of the two sea breezes.

Characteristics of Sea Breeze Front Development with Various Synoptic Conditions and Its Impact on Lower Troposphere Ozone Formation

To examine the correlation between the sizes of sea breeze fronts and pollutants under the influence of synoptic fields, a numerical simulation was conducted in the southeast coastal area of the Korean Peninsula, where relatively high concentrations of pollutants occur because of the presence of various kinds of industrial developments. Sea breeze and sea breeze front days during the period 2005 09 were identified using wind profiler data and, according to the results, the number of days were 72 and 53, respectively. When synoptic forcing was weak, sea breeze fronts moved fast both in horizontal fields and in terms of wind velocity, while in the case of strong synoptic forcing, sea breeze fronts remained at the coast or moved slowly due to strong opposing flows. In this case, the sea breeze front development function and horizontal potential temperature difference were larger than with weak synoptic forcing. The ozone concentration that moves together with sea breeze fronts was also formed along the frontal surfaces. Ozone advection and diffusion in the case of strong synoptic forcing was suppressed at the frontal surface and the concentration gradient was large. The vertical distribution of ozone was very low due to the Thermal Internal Boundary Layer （TIBL） being low.

The sea/land breeze in the northern coastal area of Shandong Peninsula

In this paper the seasonal variation and structural characteristics of the sea/ land breeze in the northern coastal area of' Shandong Peninsula are studied in two ways: one is the analysis of the observed wind data, and the other is numerical simulation and experiments. Firstly, the hour to hour wind data through the year 1984 at Longkou Meteorological Station and Yantai Oceanographic Station are analysed through energy spectra and hodograph. It is revealed from the analysed results that the effects of the sea/ land breeze in the area are notable in spring, summer and fall, especially in May. However, in winter the effects of sea / land breeze are not obvious. because the cold noitherly is prevailing. Secondly, a two-dimensional non- linear model of primitive equations is used to study the sea / land breeze circulation in May in the area. The results of numerical simulation consist basically with the analysed results of the observed sea / land breeze. A reasonable theoretical structure of the sea / land breeze circulation is displayed, and a new undeerslanding of the developmental mechanism of land breeze circulation in that area is obtained. Lastly, numerical experiments about the effects of large scale wind and temperature fields upon the sea / land breeze circulation are performed.

NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS ON THE TIBL PROFILES AND THE LOCAL SEA BREEZE CIRCULATION IN COASTAL AREAS

A two-dimensional nonlinear PBL numerical model using an energy closure (E-ε)method has been employed to study the sea breeze circulation and TIBL in coastal areas. The main characteristics of sea breeze obtained from numerical experiments agree with those from general observation facts. The depth of sea breeze ranges from 300 to 900 meters, maximum velocity from 1,5 m/s to 4 m/s, and its height from 100 m to 300 m. The agreement between comparisons reveals that the performance of the model is good, and the selected experiment conditions are reasonable. This paper refits the function of TIBL profiles using the Weisman’s formula and the exponent value is considered to change with the different states of sea breeze. Numerical experiment results indicate that the exponent of the TIBL profile, ranging from 0.4 to 1. 1, is related to the strength and depth of the sea breeze. The exponent of 0.5 is suitable only when sea breeze is fully developed. This paper also gives various exponents under different sea breezes.

Analytic Study of Sea-Land Breezes

An analytic study of the structure of sea-land breezes is presented, with special attention paid to the dependence on the model parameters. In this linearized model, the wind speed of the sea-land breezes is directly proportional to the difference of sea and land heating rates. For the same differential heating, the sea-land breeze is more prominent if the stratification is weakly stable, or if the frictional force is small. The horizontal penetration from the coast is also investigated, and found to be asymmetric between the land and the sea. The above results are in agreement with observation.

On Thunderstorm Microphysics under Urban Heat Island, Sea Breeze, and Cold Front Effects in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo, Brazil

This work discusses issues related to the impact of urbanization on the microphysical processes of precipitating systems associated with synoptic, mesoscale, and local scale systems. Among the issues addressed is the impact of urban heat island (UHI) in São Paulo city center and urban densification (UD) in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP) on the microphysical, dynamic, and thermodynamic properties and distribution of precipitation and heavier rainfall from sea-breeze (SB) e cold-front (CF) combined during their space-time evolutions. For this purpose, it used four components: classification of hydrometeors with fuzzy logic, calculation of the raindrop diameters, an estimate of liquid water mass and ice mass from polarimetric-variables measured with dual-pola- rization X-band meteorological radar. The results indicated that urban densification (UD) and heat island (UHI) of the São Paulo city center impact the formation of precipitation, liquid water mass, and ice mass, depth, and duration of a thunderstorm. It was also observed the asymmetric configuration of the thunderstorm is induced by the strong convergence in the São Paulo city center, and this strong convergence is induced by the intense heat island (UHI) in the São Paulo city center. Was also observed that this event that is formed in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP) depends on microphysical processes of mixed-phase of the cloud (water and ice) above the 0°C isotherm for the production of intense rain and cold pool at the surface. These important microphysical processes within long-lasting secondary convective cells over the São Paulo city center should be taken into account on convective parameterization schemes as well as the associated cold pool dynamics.

Land Breeze and Thermals: A Scale Threshold to Distinguish Their Effects

Land breeze is a type of mesoscale circulation developed due to thermal forcing over a heterogeneous landscape. It can contribute to atmospheric dynamic and hydrologic processes through affecting heat and water fluxes on the land-atmosphere interface and generating shallow convective precipitation. If the scale of the landscape heterogeneity is smaller than a certain size, however, the resulting land breeze becomes weak and becomes mixed up with other thermal convections like thermals. This study seeks to identify a scale threshold to distinguish the effects between land breeze and thermals. Two-dimensional simulations were performed with the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System （RAMS） to simulate thermals and land breeze. Their horizontal scale features were analyzed using the wavelet transform. The thermals developed over a homogeneous landscape under dry or wet conditions have an initial scale of 2-5 km during their early stage of development. The scale jumps to 10-15 km when condensation occurs. The solution of an analytical model indicates that the reduced degree of atmospheric instability due to the release of condensation potential heat could be one of the contributing factors for the increase in scale. The land breeze, on the other hand, has a major scale identical to the size of the landscape heterogeneity throughout various stages of development. The results suggest that the effects of land breeze can be clearly distinguished from those of thermals only if the size of the landscape heterogeneity is larger than the scale threshold of about 5 km for dry atmospheric processes or about 15 km for moist ones.

基于Breeze/ADL的软件体系结构可靠性分析策略

目前,基于构件的可靠性问题主要是针对无法为系统正常提供功能这个问题。目前大多数的基于构件可靠性分析的方法较少考虑了构件自身的修复策略,仅可以对错误进行修复或忽略,但不会给下游构件处理造成危害。因而,这些可靠性分析无法准确的给出前期的可靠性评估结果,导致分析结果产生偏差。本文在体系结构建模阶段,对构件错误进行分类,构建错误传播链及考虑错误恢复,并体系结构建模语言Breeze/ADL进行扩展,利用元建模技术,实现将相应的错误元素植入到Breeze/ADL中,构建可靠性建模,并结合DTMC实现对体系结构的可靠性进行分析。

奥维通推出基于IP的cdma2000 1x网络平台Breeze2000

近日，奥维通宣布正式推出基于IP的cdma 2000 1x网络平台Breeze2000，系统工作频段为450MHz、850MHz、1900MHz和2100MHz。Breeze2000将通过V5．2接口提供高清晰的电话服务、附加服务、G3传真以及最高传输速率为153 kbit／s的数据服务。另外，它还提供独立的IP交换机，通过SS7或PRI接口连接到PSTN。

Sea Breeze Front Storm and Its Composite Analysis in Beibu Gulf

[Objective] The aim was to study the sea breeze front storm and its composite analysis in Beibu Gulf. [Method] By dint of routine observation data, ground automatic meteorology data and European numerical mode grid data, rainstorm caused by sea breeze in Guangxi during 1990 and 2007 and the strong convection triggered by sea breeze on June 5 in 2008 were expounded. The main characteristics of the configuration of circulation in the low and high latitude of breeze front of middle scale were summarized. [Result] Sea breeze front storm system was an important middle scale sea breeze front system that triggered storm in the Beibu Gulf. Sea breeze in Beibu Gulf occurred most easily during the southwest monsoon eruption period. Case study pointed out that after sunrise, the continental and island temperature in Beibu Gulf turned from warm-ocean-cold-island into warm-island-cold-ocean. The southerly airstream of high temperature and high humidity met with the relatively low temperature and dry northerly airstream in Beibu Gulf, and triggered vertical circulation and stimulated ground middle scale sea breeze front system. Composite analysis referred to the circulation characteristics of the ocean and continental temperature in Beibu Gulf. The upper air of south China was in strong divergence center. The air pressure was high in the east and low in the west. Beibu Gulf was in the southerly torrent belt in front of the trough and after the latitude in cyclonic circulation convergence area. The strata unstable structure of the divergence in the upper air and the convergence in the lower layer and the 'pumping effect' provided upward dynamics for the ocean circulation development. The southerly brought rich water vapor to the Beibu Gulf, which was conductive to the formation of strong convective cloud system in the lower layer and the generation of precipitation. [Conclusion] The research provided references for the study on the characteristics of middle scale convective system.

Effect of the catalyzing combustion of coke breeze on the energy saving in sinter process

The mechanism of additive ZC 1 for catalyzing combustion of coke breeze in sintering of iron ore fines was studied by using X ray Diffraction, TGA and GC(Gas Chromatographer), by which energy saving was achieved on sinter pot test. The results show that the distance between cleavage planes is enlarged and the π electrons are re distributed because of the insertion of cations/molecules of ZC 1 into the cleavage planes of carbon , resulting in the weakening of C-C bond, improving the adsorption of oxygen and lowering the activation energy of gasification of carbon from 25.8 kJ/mol to 18.9 kJ/mol , and the burning rate being increased and combustion residual reduced, all of which can lead to lower solid fuel consumption . Compared with the sintering test without addition of additives , the solid fuel consumption is reduced by 16.0%, meanwhile, the rate of finished sinter, the output of finished sinter and the tumbling index are increased by 2.03%, 7.0% and 3.71% , respectively, with incorporating 0.2% of additive ZC 1 in the sintering mixture, which is in agreement with the catalyzing mechanism of ZC 1.

Method for Evaluating the Influence of Obstruction of Sea Breeze by Clusters of High-Rise Buildings on the Urban Heat Island Effect

This study aims to propose a method for quantitatively evaluating the influence which the obstruction of sea breezes by clusters of high-rise buildings has on the urban heat island effect using a weather simulation model and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Specifically, a method of evaluating the influence of the obstruction of sea breeze by high-rise buildings on the urban heat island effect was proposed. In the method, two scenarios that imagine urban forms which differ with regard to whether or not they contain high-rise buildings are created and weather simulation is conducted, and the results of the simulations are comparatively analyzed focusing on temperature and wind speed. Evaluation was conducted in two stages, and Shiodome of Minato City in the Tokyo Metropolis was selected as the region for evaluation. In two stages of evaluation, a rise in temperature of approximately 0.3 K and a reduction in wind speed of approximately 1 m/s were observed in a region approximately five to ten kilometers square downwind of high-rise buildings in the period 6 PM to 9 PM, and a higher temperature caused by the obstruction of sea breeze by high-rise buildings was identified. The fact that such a higher temperature was confirmed in the time period from 6 PM onwards, in which the temperature decreases, reveals that obstruction of sea breeze by high-rise buildings dulls the decrease in temperature which occurs from evening onwards, and influences nighttime urban heat island formation.

The research of sea-land breeze (SLB) on the west coast of Bohai Bay based on field observation

Four automatic meteorological stations were set up in a line from beach to inland perpendicular to the west coast of Bohai Bay. Wind direction and velocity at altitudes of 2 m, 4 m and 12 m were surveyed with 10 minute intervals. On ＂Sea-Land Breeze＂ （SLB） days, the transition from sea breeze to land breeze was very evident in the study area. Direction of sea breeze was basically perpendicular to the coast and mainly from the ENE and E. Duration of sea breeze varied by the stations＇ distance to the coastline, and the near-coast wind velocity was larger than that of the inland and decreases as it reaches inland. There was increased development of SLB on sunny days than on overcast days. The term ＂Climatic Coastal Zone＂ can be defined for the area influenced by SLB, which reaches more than 74 km inland on a typical SLB day but less than 10 km on a non-typical SLB day.

Reduction of NO_(x)emission based on optimized proportions of mill scale and coke breeze in sintering process

Reducing NO_(x) emission of iron ore sintering process in a cost effective manner is a challenge for the iron and steel industry at present.Effects of the proportion of mill scale and coke breeze on the NO_(x) emission,strength of sinter,and sinter indexes were studied by com-bustion and sinter pot tests.Results showed that the peak value of NO concentration,total of NO emission,and fuel-N conversion rate gradu-ally decreased as the proportions of the mill scale increased because NO was reduced to N_(2) by Fe_(3)O_(4),FeO,and Fe in the mill scale.The strength of sinter reached the highest value at 8.0wt%mill scale due to the formation of minerals with low melting point.The fuel-N conver-sion rate slightly fluctuated and total NO_(x) emission significantly decreased with the decreased proportions of coke breeze because CO forma-tion and content of N element in the sintered mixture decreased.However,the sinter strength also decreased due to the decrease in the amount of the melting minerals.Furthermore,results of the sinter pot tests indicated that NO_(x) emission decreased.The sinter indexes performed well when the proportions of mill scale and coke breeze were 8.0wt%and 3.70wt%respectively in the sintered mixture.

The Anatomy of the South Carolina U.S.A. Coastal Sea Breeze 2019-2020

The study presented herein is the analysis of Sodar based instrument measurements of air temperature, dew point, and vertical wind speed and direction, recorded at two South Carolina sites, Waties Island in North Myrtle Beach and in Sumter, and at three atmospheric ground stations. Two of the ground stations are National Weather Service stations near the Sodars and one is a Coastal Carolina University Sea-Econet, as a part of the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, MESO program, weather-sensor site on the Coastal Carolina University campus in Conway South Carolina. Objectives of this study are to establish specific values of winds, land and sea temperatures, precipitation and dew points associated with the changes induced by passages of the Sea Breeze Front, and to examine differences in the station-to-station incarnation of the Sea Breeze circulation. Variability from station to station in the nature and timing of Sea Breeze Front passage is found to be a function of relative proximity to the coast with Sea Breeze Front passage occurring earliest at the North Myrtle Beach site (the station at the coast), then at Sumter (~100 km inland) and finally Aiken at >100 km inland. Satellite based estimates of the percentages of onshore penetration distances from the coast are depicted. Wind vectors and air temperatures associated with onsets and passages of the Sea Breeze display robust wind fields directed onshore perpendicular to the coastline. Kinematical descriptors of the Sea Breeze wind particle motions are presented and display coherent stable elliptical motions during the late summer to early fall but are absent during the winter.

BREEZE2血糖仪与BS300全自动生化分析仪对血糖测定结果的比较分析

目的探讨BREEZE2血糖仪检测血糖结果的可靠性,为临床提供可靠参考。方法分别采用美国拜耳公司的BREEZE2血糖仪和BS300全自动生化分析72例患者的静脉血进行血糖检测,测得的结果应用SPSS13.0统计学软件进行处理分析。结果 BREEZE2血糖仪与BS300全自动生化分析仪测得的血糖结果分别为6.892±2.396mmol/L和7.015±2.158mmol/L;两组结果无显著性差异(P】0.05)。结论 BREEZE2血糖仪检测结果与检验科全自动生化分析仪接近,可用于糖尿病患者血糖水平的自我监测。

Influence of sea-land breeze on the formation and dissipation of severe dense fog and its burst reinforcement in the Yellow Sea coastal area,China

Based on the global reanalysis data of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP)/National Center for Atmospheric Research,the surface meteorological observation data,sounding data and satellite observation data,this paper comprehensively analyzes the evolution process and formation mechanism of a persistent severe dense fog process occurred on February 15–17,2015 in Yancheng,eastern China.Through the numerical simulation experiment of Weather Research and Forecast(WRF)model,we further analyze the impact of sea-land breeze on the formation and burst reinforcement of fog.Results show that the precipitation caused by the southwesterly airflow in front of the upper-level trough and the low-pressure inverted trough are conducive to the formation of early rain fog,while the nighttime clear radiance under the control of surface cold high and the infiltration of weak cold advection are conducive to the formation and development of later radiation-advection fog.The WRF model simulates the fog evolution process,which is basically consistent with the actual fog area,and the simulation results are credible to a certain extent.The simulation results show that the establishment of sea breeze has an advection cooling effect on the near surface layer,which is conducive to the formation and development of the inversion layer on the near surface,providing stable stratification conditions for the formation and burst reinforcement of fog.On one hand,the strengthening of sea breeze circulation can continuously transport water vapor to the study area.On the other,the occurrence of ultra-low level jet is favorable for the accumulation of low-level water vapor.At the same time,the inversion intensity further strengthens,which is in favor of the burst reinforcement and long-term maintenance of fog.