The development of virtual currencies,network banking,and artificial intelligence technologies facilitates the implementation and completion of self-money laundering in crimes involving embezzlement and bribery.Amendm...The development of virtual currencies,network banking,and artificial intelligence technologies facilitates the implementation and completion of self-money laundering in crimes involving embezzlement and bribery.Amendment XI to the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China lists self-money laundering as a separate money laundering crime,breaking the restrictive framework that it must be committed by someone else.This is reflective of the specific interest that China has in anti-money laundering.The criminalization of self-money laundering has been adopted as a powerful legal weapon against money laundering.However,it has confronted a series of dilemmas in terms of specific judicial applications.To gradually address the dilemmas in applying the clause,a comprehensive consideration of Chinese judicial and anti-money laundering practices,as well as international anti-money laundering regulations and practices,is carried out.Moreover,the following recommendations are given:that the protection of legal interests concerning self-money laundering should be expanded appropriately;that a penalty and cooperation system should be established for the crime of self-money laundering;and that the scope of the means of self-money laundering should be extended.展开更多
Taking Wuhan,Nanjing and Guangzhou as examples and using Logistic model and Moran index,this paper made a quantitative analysis on bribery characterization of developers in land market. It found that( i) bribery behav...Taking Wuhan,Nanjing and Guangzhou as examples and using Logistic model and Moran index,this paper made a quantitative analysis on bribery characterization of developers in land market. It found that( i) bribery behavior of developers is promoted by supply and demands;( ii) bribery behavior of developers takes on regional agglomeration and difference. It reached following conclusions:( i) under the influence of macro factors and micro factors,bribery behavior of developers is rational selection after full consideration of institutional environment and corporate strength,and is passive to a certain extent;( ii) bribery behavior of developers has certain spatial correlation,and the high-high correlation characteristic is most significant.展开更多
After years of governance, the momentum of the spread of commercial bribery in China has yet to be effectively curbed. Commercial bribery has become a major form ofcorruption in China, but there are very jew studies o...After years of governance, the momentum of the spread of commercial bribery in China has yet to be effectively curbed. Commercial bribery has become a major form ofcorruption in China, but there are very jew studies on this topic. This paper discusses commercial briber）, in terms of economics on transactions between the supplier （the bribegiver） and the demander （the bribe-taker）, analyzing reasons for the spread of commercial briberyin China from an economic perspective. The authors find that China＇s commercial bribery governance focuses on punishing the public sector and bribe-takers while it lacks sufficient governance measures on the private sector to address bribe-givers. This form of governance is dramatically different from that utilized in countries with mature market economies as well as some international organizations, which have different measures fortackling commercial bribery. Does governance have a causal effect on the spread of commercial bribery in China？The authors use penalty severity to indicate the private sector ＇srole and use a commercial bribery game under perfect rationality and evolutionary game theory models under bounded rationality to reveal the conditions and mechanism of the origin and spread of commercial bribery. The authors also analyze the role of the private sector （the potential bribe-giver） and the role of the punishment mechanism in commercial bribery governance. Results show that the penalties for bribe-giving are less severe than penaltiesfor bribe-taking. There is an especially clear asymmetric relationship between economic penalties for the bribe-giverand economic benefits gained from bribing, and the authors propose that this disparity is the institutional cause of the spread of commercial bribery in China. Froma local equilibrium and static perspective, asymmetric punishment is important for breaking down the alliance between the bribe-giver and the bribe-taken But from the general equilibrium and dynamic perspective, asymmetric punishment raises the potential bribe-giver＇s expected benefits, attracting the potential bribe-giver and encouraging the potential bribe-giver to extend the bribe offer. In this＇ regard, asymmetric punishment is an institutional defect of China＇s commercial bribery governance. Symmetric punishment mechanisms, with an emphasis on prevention and control, makes＇ the bribe-giver and the bribe-taker subject to the same level of criminal punishmentandalso raises a bribe-giver＇s .financial penaltiesto a level higher than the expected benefits. This in turn has the power tolimit the bribe-giver＇s bribery motivation and ability, leading the bribe-giver togive up bribery voluntarily through rational choice, and eventually curbing the spread of commercial bribery.展开更多
This paper investigates social dimensions in the Libyan family and their relationship to the common practice of bribery. In Libya, bribery is most noticeable in administrative contexts where other practices such as fa...This paper investigates social dimensions in the Libyan family and their relationship to the common practice of bribery. In Libya, bribery is most noticeable in administrative contexts where other practices such as favouritism, fraud and forgery are also found. The paper aims to make an original contribution to knowledge in a little-researched area by examining social dimensions and cultural practices. The paper is based on the basic assumption that there is a relationship between accepting bribes and social dimensions surrounding the family in Libya and will thus also examine bribery as a social culture, by means of a set of variables such as gifts, promises, assistance and loans. The study took place in Benghazi, Libya, where the number of employees exceeded 200. The study was conducted using an interpretative epistemology and a quantitative method. Data were collected using quantitative research instruments and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences （SPSS） was used to analyse the data. The findings of the study suggest that there is a relationship between family relationships, social status and the commission of the crime of bribery except for variables of social status and cultural background, in addition to the social relationship＇s effect on administration.展开更多
Malaysia has long been involved in the initiative of becoming a high income country by the year 2020. In this essence, fighting and eliminating any means of corruption in the public and private companies have been one...Malaysia has long been involved in the initiative of becoming a high income country by the year 2020. In this essence, fighting and eliminating any means of corruption in the public and private companies have been one of the key challenges in the long run. The globalization of businesses has somehow led to an increase in the number of unethical conduct and hazardous corruption. In the urge to enliven ethics and integrity in a company and among employees, the whole business processes and stakeholders should position code of ethics and integrity at its highest standard. However, can ethics and integrity really increase the company＇s reputation, strengthening its business operations and sustainability, and deliver trust amongst employees and employers？ The objective of this study is to analyze the perceptions of employees on issues pertaining ethics and integrity. The study has been conducted in one of the giant telecommunication companies in Malaysia where a sample of 7,056 employees were the participants involved in the survey. The study has used questionnaires to collect data. The data have then been analysed using the SPSS data analysis software. The findings explained that employees view the company as an ethical place to work where the finance department is deemed to have the highest level of integrity. While in matters of corruption risk areas, there are still practices of bribery. It is also founded that a majority of respondents about 93% agree that the company＇s initiatives are effective in building business integrity and that the level of business ethics and integrity has improved over the last two years. Running a business with ethics and integrity while selecting the fight business partners will create a corporation of ethics, integrity, and anti-corruption.展开更多
Tax payers’level of compliance behaviour is a major concern to government and tax authorities.Constant losses of tax revenue through bribery,corruption,and abuse of power for personal advantage are perceived to have ...Tax payers’level of compliance behaviour is a major concern to government and tax authorities.Constant losses of tax revenue through bribery,corruption,and abuse of power for personal advantage are perceived to have adversely affected nation’s economic growth and infrastructural development.Many researches have been conducted on taxpayers’compliance,but not many considered the effect of Control of Corruption(COC)in their study.This study looked at the probable influence of COC on individual taxpayers’voluntary tax compliance behaviour in South-West,Nigeria.Survey research design was adopted for the study.Population for the study was 5,216,422 individual taxpayers in three selected states.A validated questionnaire was used to collect data from respondents by means of Stratified and random sampling techniques with a sample size of 1,200 and this gives a response rate of 87.6%.The reliability test using Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranged from 0.79 to 0.86.The study adopts descriptive and inferential statistics to analyze the data at 0.05 level of significance.The study shows that COC positively influenced voluntary tax compliance among individual taxpayers in the study states(Adj.R2=0.063,F(6,1050)=12.68,p=0.000).There was evidence that trust in government,COC,and employment status have significant relationship with voluntary tax compliance behaviour in the study states(β=0.139,t(1044)=6.125,p=0.000,β=0.154,t(1044)=5.025,p=0.000,β=-0.237,t(1044)=-3.562,p=0.00)while gender,age,and educational level do not have significant relationship with voluntary tax compliance(β=0.036,t(1044)=0.664,p=0.664,β=-0.002,t(1044)=-0.080,p=0.936,β=0.035,t(1044)=1.081,p=0.280),respectively.The study concluded that control of corruption influenced individual voluntary tax compliance.Government should put better stiff strategies in controlling corruption on tax matters,overhaul the internal control mechanism,establish state anti-graft agencies,and put stiff punishment for any fraudulent activity on tax revenue generation while zero tolerance to corruption should be seen and practice.展开更多
Commercial bribery makes up a high proportion of all corruption involving public functionaries in China. As such, it must be a present and future focus of the fight against corruption. In order to better achieve the o...Commercial bribery makes up a high proportion of all corruption involving public functionaries in China. As such, it must be a present and future focus of the fight against corruption. In order to better achieve the objective of restraining public power, we should adjust the criteria for what constitutes the crime of corruption and the content of the specific assessment of this crime in Chinese criminal law in the light of the characteristics and new manifestations of commercial bribery, with a view to combating it more effectively.View full textDownload full text展开更多
Government lists fighting business corruption as one of its key tasks this year On March 15, the Intermediate People's Court of Dazhou City in Sichuan Province sentenced Li Zulun, former president of Dazhou Center...Government lists fighting business corruption as one of its key tasks this year On March 15, the Intermediate People's Court of Dazhou City in Sichuan Province sentenced Li Zulun, former president of Dazhou Center Hospital, to 14 years in prison for accepting a total of 1.22展开更多
Firefighters are highly respected in China,as they should be for the dangerous job they do.With high honor earned from the job, the firefighters,as a major part of the nation’s police force,should certainly not be in...Firefighters are highly respected in China,as they should be for the dangerous job they do.With high honor earned from the job, the firefighters,as a major part of the nation’s police force,should certainly not be involved in any form of bribery,in- cluding Wading power or favors for sex.In a move to wipe out bribery and build a clean government,the Ministry of Public Security, top watchdog of China’s police force,re- cently issued a self-discipline decree。展开更多
基金The project is the phased achievement of the National Scholarship Fund"National Construction High-level University Graduate Program"(No.CSC 202206040074)。
文摘The development of virtual currencies,network banking,and artificial intelligence technologies facilitates the implementation and completion of self-money laundering in crimes involving embezzlement and bribery.Amendment XI to the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China lists self-money laundering as a separate money laundering crime,breaking the restrictive framework that it must be committed by someone else.This is reflective of the specific interest that China has in anti-money laundering.The criminalization of self-money laundering has been adopted as a powerful legal weapon against money laundering.However,it has confronted a series of dilemmas in terms of specific judicial applications.To gradually address the dilemmas in applying the clause,a comprehensive consideration of Chinese judicial and anti-money laundering practices,as well as international anti-money laundering regulations and practices,is carried out.Moreover,the following recommendations are given:that the protection of legal interests concerning self-money laundering should be expanded appropriately;that a penalty and cooperation system should be established for the crime of self-money laundering;and that the scope of the means of self-money laundering should be extended.
基金Supported by National Social Science Foundation of China"Empirical Study of Corruption Governance in Real Estate"(14BGL106)
文摘Taking Wuhan,Nanjing and Guangzhou as examples and using Logistic model and Moran index,this paper made a quantitative analysis on bribery characterization of developers in land market. It found that( i) bribery behavior of developers is promoted by supply and demands;( ii) bribery behavior of developers takes on regional agglomeration and difference. It reached following conclusions:( i) under the influence of macro factors and micro factors,bribery behavior of developers is rational selection after full consideration of institutional environment and corporate strength,and is passive to a certain extent;( ii) bribery behavior of developers has certain spatial correlation,and the high-high correlation characteristic is most significant.
文摘After years of governance, the momentum of the spread of commercial bribery in China has yet to be effectively curbed. Commercial bribery has become a major form ofcorruption in China, but there are very jew studies on this topic. This paper discusses commercial briber）, in terms of economics on transactions between the supplier （the bribegiver） and the demander （the bribe-taker）, analyzing reasons for the spread of commercial briberyin China from an economic perspective. The authors find that China＇s commercial bribery governance focuses on punishing the public sector and bribe-takers while it lacks sufficient governance measures on the private sector to address bribe-givers. This form of governance is dramatically different from that utilized in countries with mature market economies as well as some international organizations, which have different measures fortackling commercial bribery. Does governance have a causal effect on the spread of commercial bribery in China？The authors use penalty severity to indicate the private sector ＇srole and use a commercial bribery game under perfect rationality and evolutionary game theory models under bounded rationality to reveal the conditions and mechanism of the origin and spread of commercial bribery. The authors also analyze the role of the private sector （the potential bribe-giver） and the role of the punishment mechanism in commercial bribery governance. Results show that the penalties for bribe-giving are less severe than penaltiesfor bribe-taking. There is an especially clear asymmetric relationship between economic penalties for the bribe-giverand economic benefits gained from bribing, and the authors propose that this disparity is the institutional cause of the spread of commercial bribery in China. Froma local equilibrium and static perspective, asymmetric punishment is important for breaking down the alliance between the bribe-giver and the bribe-taken But from the general equilibrium and dynamic perspective, asymmetric punishment raises the potential bribe-giver＇s expected benefits, attracting the potential bribe-giver and encouraging the potential bribe-giver to extend the bribe offer. In this＇ regard, asymmetric punishment is an institutional defect of China＇s commercial bribery governance. Symmetric punishment mechanisms, with an emphasis on prevention and control, makes＇ the bribe-giver and the bribe-taker subject to the same level of criminal punishmentandalso raises a bribe-giver＇s .financial penaltiesto a level higher than the expected benefits. This in turn has the power tolimit the bribe-giver＇s bribery motivation and ability, leading the bribe-giver togive up bribery voluntarily through rational choice, and eventually curbing the spread of commercial bribery.
文摘This paper investigates social dimensions in the Libyan family and their relationship to the common practice of bribery. In Libya, bribery is most noticeable in administrative contexts where other practices such as favouritism, fraud and forgery are also found. The paper aims to make an original contribution to knowledge in a little-researched area by examining social dimensions and cultural practices. The paper is based on the basic assumption that there is a relationship between accepting bribes and social dimensions surrounding the family in Libya and will thus also examine bribery as a social culture, by means of a set of variables such as gifts, promises, assistance and loans. The study took place in Benghazi, Libya, where the number of employees exceeded 200. The study was conducted using an interpretative epistemology and a quantitative method. Data were collected using quantitative research instruments and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences （SPSS） was used to analyse the data. The findings of the study suggest that there is a relationship between family relationships, social status and the commission of the crime of bribery except for variables of social status and cultural background, in addition to the social relationship＇s effect on administration.
文摘Malaysia has long been involved in the initiative of becoming a high income country by the year 2020. In this essence, fighting and eliminating any means of corruption in the public and private companies have been one of the key challenges in the long run. The globalization of businesses has somehow led to an increase in the number of unethical conduct and hazardous corruption. In the urge to enliven ethics and integrity in a company and among employees, the whole business processes and stakeholders should position code of ethics and integrity at its highest standard. However, can ethics and integrity really increase the company＇s reputation, strengthening its business operations and sustainability, and deliver trust amongst employees and employers？ The objective of this study is to analyze the perceptions of employees on issues pertaining ethics and integrity. The study has been conducted in one of the giant telecommunication companies in Malaysia where a sample of 7,056 employees were the participants involved in the survey. The study has used questionnaires to collect data. The data have then been analysed using the SPSS data analysis software. The findings explained that employees view the company as an ethical place to work where the finance department is deemed to have the highest level of integrity. While in matters of corruption risk areas, there are still practices of bribery. It is also founded that a majority of respondents about 93% agree that the company＇s initiatives are effective in building business integrity and that the level of business ethics and integrity has improved over the last two years. Running a business with ethics and integrity while selecting the fight business partners will create a corporation of ethics, integrity, and anti-corruption.
文摘Tax payers’level of compliance behaviour is a major concern to government and tax authorities.Constant losses of tax revenue through bribery,corruption,and abuse of power for personal advantage are perceived to have adversely affected nation’s economic growth and infrastructural development.Many researches have been conducted on taxpayers’compliance,but not many considered the effect of Control of Corruption(COC)in their study.This study looked at the probable influence of COC on individual taxpayers’voluntary tax compliance behaviour in South-West,Nigeria.Survey research design was adopted for the study.Population for the study was 5,216,422 individual taxpayers in three selected states.A validated questionnaire was used to collect data from respondents by means of Stratified and random sampling techniques with a sample size of 1,200 and this gives a response rate of 87.6%.The reliability test using Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranged from 0.79 to 0.86.The study adopts descriptive and inferential statistics to analyze the data at 0.05 level of significance.The study shows that COC positively influenced voluntary tax compliance among individual taxpayers in the study states(Adj.R2=0.063,F(6,1050)=12.68,p=0.000).There was evidence that trust in government,COC,and employment status have significant relationship with voluntary tax compliance behaviour in the study states(β=0.139,t(1044)=6.125,p=0.000,β=0.154,t(1044)=5.025,p=0.000,β=-0.237,t(1044)=-3.562,p=0.00)while gender,age,and educational level do not have significant relationship with voluntary tax compliance(β=0.036,t(1044)=0.664,p=0.664,β=-0.002,t(1044)=-0.080,p=0.936,β=0.035,t(1044)=1.081,p=0.280),respectively.The study concluded that control of corruption influenced individual voluntary tax compliance.Government should put better stiff strategies in controlling corruption on tax matters,overhaul the internal control mechanism,establish state anti-graft agencies,and put stiff punishment for any fraudulent activity on tax revenue generation while zero tolerance to corruption should be seen and practice.
文摘Commercial bribery makes up a high proportion of all corruption involving public functionaries in China. As such, it must be a present and future focus of the fight against corruption. In order to better achieve the objective of restraining public power, we should adjust the criteria for what constitutes the crime of corruption and the content of the specific assessment of this crime in Chinese criminal law in the light of the characteristics and new manifestations of commercial bribery, with a view to combating it more effectively.View full textDownload full text
文摘Government lists fighting business corruption as one of its key tasks this year On March 15, the Intermediate People's Court of Dazhou City in Sichuan Province sentenced Li Zulun, former president of Dazhou Center Hospital, to 14 years in prison for accepting a total of 1.22
文摘Firefighters are highly respected in China,as they should be for the dangerous job they do.With high honor earned from the job, the firefighters,as a major part of the nation’s police force,should certainly not be involved in any form of bribery,in- cluding Wading power or favors for sex.In a move to wipe out bribery and build a clean government,the Ministry of Public Security, top watchdog of China’s police force,re- cently issued a self-discipline decree。
