Philosophical Foundations of Business Ethics： French Philosophy and Social Theory in Relation to Ethics and Philosophy of Management

This article gives an overview of my book French Philosophy and Social Theory. A Perspective for Ethics and Philosophy of Management, published by Springer 2014. As an extension of my earlier work on French philosophy, this book provides an application of important concepts from contemporary French philosophy to business ethics and the ethics of organizations. Although the book covers a wide range of philosophers and philosophical movements, there is a core and deep unity of the book. This is the demonstration of how the conceptual resources of contemporary French philosophy from the early 20th Century to the present day can be applied to give us new perspectives on business ethics and the ethics of organizations.

Can rifaximin for hepatic encephalopathy be discontinued during broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment?

Hepatic encephalopathy(HE)is a formidable complication in patients with decompensated cirrhosis,often necessitating the administration of rifaximin(RFX)for effective management.RFX,is a gut-restricted,poorly-absorbable oral rifamycin derived antibiotic that can be used in addition to lactulose for the secondary prophylaxis of HE.It has shown notable reductions in infection,hospital readmission,duration of hospital stay,and mortality.However,limited data exist about the concurrent use of RFX with broad-spectrum antibiotics,because the patients are typically excluded from studies assessing RFX efficacy in HE.A pharmacist-driven quasi-experimental pilot study was done to address this gap.They argue against the necessity of RFX in HE during broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment,particularly in critically ill patients in intensive care unit(ICU).The potential for safe RFX discontinuation without adverse effects is clearly illuminated and valuable insight into the optimization of therapeutic strategies is offered.The findings also indicate that RFX discontinuation during broadspectrum antibiotic therapy was not associated with higher rates of delirium or coma,and this result remained robust after adjustment in multivariate analysis.Furthermore,rates of other secondary clinical and safety outcomes,including ICU mortality and 48-hour changes in vasopressor requirements,were comparable.However,since the activity of RFX is mainly confined to the modulation of gut microbiota,its potential utility in patients undergoing extensive systemic antibiotic therapy is debatable,given the overlapping antibiotic activity.Further,this suggests that the action of RFX on HE is class-specific(related to its activity on gut microbiota),rather than drug-specific.A recent double-blind randomized controlled(ARiE)trial provided further evidence-based support for RFX withdrawal in critically ill cirrhotic ICU patients receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics.Both studies prompt further discussion about optimal therapeutic strategy for patients facing the dual challenge of HE and systemic infections.Despite these compelling results,both studies have limitations.A prospective,multi-center evaluation of a larger sample,with placebo control,and comprehensive neurologic evaluation of HE is warranted.It should include an exploration of longer-term outcome and the impact of this protocol in non-critically ill liver disease patients.

The Philosophy of He(和):Examined from the Perspectives of Technology and Culture

Pre-modern Chinese crafts,such as iron smelting,cookery,medicine,and the production of vehicles,bows,and arrows indicate the traditional Chinese view of technology as being organic,holistic,and comprehensive.This view of technology is guided by the concept of he(和)and employs the means and methods of he,thus achieving the purport of he.In Chinese,the character he(和)possesses positive connotations.It originated from the meaning of"to season;to add flavoring to"(调和)and that of flavors being"perfectly harmonious"(和美).From this sensory experience,he gradually extended to the abstract levels of materiality,humanity,sociality,"order"(wei位),and "power,situation,force"(shi势).Finally,he was elevated to the supreme level of"qi of great harmony"(taihe zhi qi太和之气),which is comparable to the concept of dao(道).The philosophy of he has exerted wide impact on such areas as technology,art,national character,cultural psychology,and behavior patterns,and has become an integral part of China's inherent culture.The paradoxes and deviations of he hold their own profound philosophical implications that merit further exploration.As humanity confronts significant challenges,such as how we can coexist with others,with technology,and with nature,the ancient Eastern wisdom embodied in he continues to possess practical characteristics and value.

Rifaximin discontinuation during broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment in critically ill patients with hepatic encephalopathy

Hepatic encephalopathy(HE)is one of the main complications of cirrhosis,characterized by a wide spectrum of neuropsychiatric alterations that lead to an increase in mortality,morbidity and recurrent hospitalizations.Due to the central role in HE pathogenesis of ammonia and other neurotoxins primarily produced by the gut microbiota,the main therapeutic approaches for the treatment of HE are based on the modulation of the gut microbiota.Rifaximin is a non-absorbable broad-spectrum antibiotic,that is effective against ammonia-producing grampositive,gram-negative,and anaerobic species,approved for the treatment of HE in secondary prophylaxis.The chronic administration of rifaximin in this setting is associated with a lower risk of HE recurrence and mortality,while the role of rifaximin for the treatment of an overt-HE episode in inpatients is still unclear.Limited data exist about the coadministration of rifaximin and broad-spectrum antibiotics commonly used to treat concomitant infections,as patients receiving or recently treated with antibiotics were frequently excluded from clinical trials.In this editorial we comment on the article by Ward et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Hepatology.It is a single center,retrospective,quasiexperimental,pharmacist-driven protocol,with the aim to evaluate the feasibility and safety of rifaximin discontinuation in critically ill patients with HE and chronic liver disease receiving broad-spectrum antibiotic therapies in intensive care units.The study revealed no differences between the protocol and control group in terms of primary outcome(days alive and free of delirium and coma to day 14)and secondary outcomes which include:Intensive care mortality,intensive care length of stay,intravenous vasopressor requirement changes and adverse effects rate.Therefore,rifaximin discontinuation during broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy does not appear to negatively impact the clinical status of critically ill liver patients,with a similar safety profile and significant cost savings,as compared to the coadministration of rifaximin and broad-spectrum antibiotics.In agreement with Ward et al,a recently published double-blind,randomized controlled trial provided additional evidence to support the feasibility of withholding rifaximin during broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy in critically ill cirrhotic patients.However,given the limitations of these studies,further multicentric and prospective clinical trials,enrolling a larger sample of non-critically ill patients,are needed to better establish the role of rifaximin in this setting.

Improving treatment plan and mental health in children with abdominal infection for broad-spectrum bacterial infections

BACKGROUND Pediatric abdominal infection is a common but serious disease that requires timely and effective treatment.In surgical treatment,accurate diagnosis and rational application of antibiotics are the keys to improving treatment effects.AIM To investigate the effect of broad-spectrum bacterial detection on postoperative antibiotic therapy.METHODS A total of 100 children with abdominal infection who received surgical treatment in our hospital from September 2020 to July 2021 were grouped.The observation group collected blood samples upon admission and sent them for broad-spectrum bacterial infection nucleic acid testing,and collected pus or exudate during the operation for bacterial culture and drug sensitivity testing;the control group only sent bacterial culture and drug sensitivity testing during the operation.RESULTS White blood cell count,C-reactive protein,procalcitonin,3 days after surgery,showed better postoperative index than the control group(P<0.05).The hospital stay in the observation group was significantly shorter than that in the control group.The hospitalization cost in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Early detection of broad-spectrum bacterial infection nucleic acids in pediatric abdominal infections can help identify pathogens sooner and guide the appropriate use of antibiotics,improving treatment outcomes and reducing medical costs to some extent.

Chinese Culture,Classical Philosophy,and the Cultivation of Life

This paper explores the intricate relationship between Chinese culture and the nation’s rise,emphasizing the indispensable role of cultural education in fostering a robust national spirit and civilization.Drawing from classical Chinese texts and contemporary philosophical insights,the study examines how cultural virtues and educational practices can lead to societal harmony,national rejuvenation,and global contributions.The analysis highlights the enduring relevance of Confucian principles and their potential to address modern challenges,advocating for a renewed focus on cultural education to achieve a prosperous and peaceful world.Additionally,it underscores the necessity of integrating traditional values with modern educational practices to create a holistic approach that fosters ethical leadership and global cooperation.

The Enlightenment of Tai Chi Philosophical World View on Human Peace

This paper discusses the worldview of classical Chinese Tai Chi philosophy:the holistic view,the view of Yin and Yang,view of change,view of no change,and view of harmony and their enlightenment to human peace.The holistic view inspires people to look at human society from the height of the whole earth,and consider not only national interests,but also the interests of all mankind.The view of yin-yang tells people that when analyzing problems,they should look at the two aspects of yin-yang integration,not only to consider their own national interests,but also the interests of other countries,not only to see the contradictions and conflicts between countries,but also to see mutual benefits,to develop positive factors and to overcome negative factors;The view of change tells people that national leaders should adjust their foreign relations according to the changes of the times and the situation on the premise of abiding by objective laws;The view of no change tells us to act in accordance with the laws of nature and society,and that countries should respect each other,benefit each other,and cooperate for win-win results.The view of harmony enlightens us that in international relations,we should advocate the idea of living in harmony,harmony in diversity and harmonious coexistence,and oppose hegemonism and power politics.

“Systematic Rival”From the Perspective of Philosophy of Property System

At present,the world is undergoing accelerating changes unseen in a century.With the United States regarding China as a strategic competitor,China-EU relations have become the core of national and global governance.For this reason,we use the basic theory and tools of Philosophy of Property System to clarify the EU’s characterization of China and accordingly propose the method of judgment and the principle of response.From this,we can get three basic cognitions of“systematic rivalry”,namely mutual exclusion of common cognition(Model A),mutual exclusion and cooperation of personality cognition(Model B),and cooperation of historical cognition(Model C).In order to steadily grasp the nature of“systematic rival”and make it operable,three basic cognitive models(AB,AC,BC,ABC,etc.)are combined,and a comprehensive judgment(ABC+model)is made to adapt to the supranational sovereignty characteristics of the EU.It is believed that the nature of“systematic rivalry”in the“trinity”refers to the main aspects of competition between China and Europe.Therefore,there are three principles for the Philosophy of Property System of“systematic rival”:first,maintain the situation of competition and cooperation;second,there is no fixed mode of competition and cooperation;and third,temporary confrontation and complementarity will lead to new competition and cooperation.

A Few Important and Original Aspects of Carlo Cattaneo’s Philosophical-Linguistic Ideas

The essay has two main purposes.The first is a general reconstruction of Cattaneo’s linguistic thought,highlighting the most important aspects of both his reflections on the connection between language and the community of speakers,and his study of the functions and properties of language.The latter includes an analysis of the influence Cattaneo’s philosophy had on the sphere of Italian linguistics at the turn of the 20th century.

《<黑格尔法哲学批判>导言》的原创性理论贡献

《<黑格尔法哲学批判>导言》是一部在马克思主义的形成史上占据重要地位的理论作品。值得肯定的是,该文对马克思主义的形成有多方面的重要原创性贡献,具体体现为:马克思主义“人的解放”理论的初步表述,历史唯物主义本体论的初步确立,马克思主义实践观、实践唯物主义世界观的初步表述,马克思主义哲学观的初步阐发,马克思主义世界历史观、社会形态演进学说的初步表述,马克思主义资本主义观的初步阐明,马克思主义无产阶级理论的初次表达。

现代政治哲学中的财产权问题:从洛克到马克思

财产权问题是现代政治哲学发展中的主线问题。洛克率先以自然权利学说为框架建立起关于财产权问题的理论,但也遗留了需要由后来的政治哲学家进一步解决的理论问题。休谟、康德、黑格尔将财产权把握为一种获得性和社会性权利,这无形中推动了现代政治哲学的发展,特别是使现代政治哲学在解决理论与现实相脱节、相断裂上向前走了一大步。马克思在制度批判的层面上,极为深刻地揭示了缔结和固化在财产权背后的社会关系和社会矛盾,从而在理论上刻画了真正的现实,也从根本上解决了洛克遗留的问题。自洛克至马克思,政治哲学家们对财产权问题作出的不同解析,表征着现代政治哲学在理论上经历的嬗变和不断深化的过程。

“Philosophy”视域下的中国哲学

中国哲学与西方哲学不是一种语言视域中的概念,二者可以视为具有类似的宇宙论起源,但核心范畴不同,在漫长的历史演化进程中所形成的文化向度不同。目前,西方哲学已经开始了新一轮的转向:知识论向语言论的转向。但中国哲学由于汉语作为象形文字的局限,在新一轮哲学发展方向的选择上无所适从。正确地审视中国哲学的缺陷,以西方哲学——"philosophy"的视域审视我们的哲学,在今天的哲学界显得尤其重要。

Fitzgerald and his Tragic Philosophy of Life

Fitzgerald was one of the great stylists in American literature. This essay discussed how he formed a trope Philosophy of life born his life experience and how can he reflect this kind of philosophy of life in his masterpiece,《The Great Gatsby》.

Cloning of Broad-spectrum Anti-disease NPR1 Gene with RT-PCR and Construction of Its Protein Expression Vector

[Objective] It is to clone broad-spectrum anti-disease gene NPR1 and to construct its protein expression vector.[Method] First to extract total RNA of Arabidopsis thaliana and design relevant primers,and then the method of reverse transcription PCR was adopted to clone.With the method of enzyme digestion and ligation,this gene will be directed into protein expression vector.[Result] After relevant testing,NPR1 was inserted into vector pMXB10 to obtain pMXB10-NPR1 protein expression vector.[Conclusion] Protein expression vector including NPR1 was successfully constructed.

什么是philosophia?

本文的主旨是讨论什么是哲学。以词源分析的方式 ,论文把哲学与真理和自由联系在一起 ,认为自由是哲学发生的唯一境域 ,它具体体现为闲暇。论文讨论了古希腊语境中闲暇的本质。在此基础上 ,论文进一步表明 ,是惊奇唤醒了哲思 ,惊奇使一个自由了的人深长地沉入思之中。在对哲学发生的基本境域和机制作了探究之后 ,论文对哲思本身作了分析 ,指出哲学作为一种理论思维其本质是一种神圣的静观 ,由此静观 ,事物本真的面目得以展现。

The necessary humanistic embodiment in the philosophy, theory and mode of College English teaching

Along with development of China＇s popular education, the embodiment of humanistic education is the natural and inevitable requirement of higher education after its transition from elite to popular education to ensure a good quality and a higher level. English teaching is indispensable due to the uniqueness of Chinese language and culture, and our open policy. College English teaching has become an extremely important platform, different from most other countries, to train talents. And to train talents is not only to train for the English language speakers or to be just certain technicians. This article will, from aspects of teaching philosophy, theory and mode, give a preliminary probe into the reasons why humanistic education should show itself up in all segments of college English teaching and how to show up. And it is expected to use the little to get the big.

Developing reading skills on the basis of embodied philosophy： Take ＂experiencing English＂ as an example

Language teaching is a highly complex phenomenon so that it is closely related with philosophy of education, theoretical linguistics and cognitive science. The language system is constructed by adopting a series of cognitive strategies within human beings＇ experiences. On the basis of outlook of experience, reading and comprehension can be regarded as a process of prediction, perception, reasoning and retrieving, in which the reader is an experiencing individual. Thus, experience is a clue in the reading process.

论黑格尔语言哲学的独特理论个性

从语言哲学角度去考察黑格尔哲学会动摇一种常见的哲学信念:黑格尔哲学是以语言分析为主阵地的英美哲学所要拒绝的对象。实质上,黑格尔哲学中有着丰富的语言哲学论述,对其特征的阐明能够揭示出其与英美语言哲学传统不同的语言分析进路。让·依波利特甚至认为黑格尔把逻辑学建构为一种语言哲学,也有人主张黑格尔是真正实施罗蒂提出的“语言转向”的第一位哲学家。黑格尔引入的辩证法语言具有整体主义与历史主义特征、运动承诺及模糊性与意义转换特征,这使得其语言哲学思想与英美语言哲学进路有着根本的差异。

Analysis of John Dewey's Philosophy of Education and Its Value

John Dewey was a pragmatic philosopher,psychologist,and educator commonly regarded as the founder of the pro gressive education movement.His philosophy of pragmatic education not only exerts great influence on Western education,but also on China's education.This paper attempts to make a detailed analysis of Dewey's philosophy of education and its value.

An Insight into His Philosophy of Life on the Basis of la Fontaine Fables

In this thesis, the author introduces his life and the social background at those days, from which come Jane de la Fontaine’s masterpiece——Fables and his philosophy of life and his influences on both his time and modern time.