Contribution of Atmospheric Nitrogen Compounds to N Deposition in a Broadleaf Forest of Southern China

A one-year study in a typical red soil region of southern China was conducted to determine atmospheric nitrogen (N) fluxes of typical N compounds (NH3, NH4-N, NO3-N, and NO2) and contribution of three sources (gas, rainwater, and particles) to N deposition. From July 2003 to June 2004, the total atmospheric N deposition was 70.7 kg N ha-1, with dry deposition accounting for 75% of the total deposition. Dry NH3 deposition accounted for 73% of the dry deposition and 55% of the total deposition. Moreover, NO2 contributed 11% of the dry deposition and 8% of the total deposition. Reduced N compounds (NH4+ and NH3) were the predominate contributors, accounting for 66% of the total deposition. Therefore, atmospheric N deposition should be considered when soil acidification and critical loads of atmospheric deposition on soils are estimated.

Soil C and N Pools in Chinese Fir and Evergreen Broadleaf Forests and their Changes with Slash Burning in Mid-Subtropical China

Soil organic carbon （C） and total nitrogen （N） pools of a Chinese fir （Cunninghamia lanceolata （Lamb.） Hook.） （CF） forest, and an evergreen broadleaf （EB） forest located in mid-subtropical, southeastern China, were compared before clearcutting, with the effect of slash burning on organic C and total N in the top 10 cm of soil before and after burning also being evaluated. Prior to clearcutting CF forest had significantly lower （P 〈0.05） organic C and total N in the soil （0-100 cm） compared to EB forest with approximately 60% of the C and N at the two forest sites stored at the 0 to 40 cm soil. In post-burn samples of the 0-10 cm depth at 5 days, 1 year, and 5 years for CF and EB forests, significantly lower levels （P 〈0.05） of organic C and total N than those in the pre-burn samples were observed. Compared to the pre-burn levels, at post-burn year 5, surface soil organic C storage was only 85% in CF forest and 72% in EB forest, while total N storage was 77% for CF forest and 73% for EB forest. Slash burning caused marked long-term changes in surface soil C and N in the two forest types.

Mercury in leaf litter in typical suburban and urban broadleaf forests in China

To study the role of leaf litter in the mercury （Hg） cycle in suburban broadleaf forests and the distribution of Hg in urban forests, we collected leaf litter and soil from suburban evergreen and deciduous broadleaf forests and from urban forests in Beijing. The Hg concentrations in leaf litter from the suburban forests varied from 8.3 to 205.0 ng/g, with an average （avg） of （49.7 ± 36.9） ng/g. The average Hg concentration in evergreen broadleaf forest leaf litter （50.8 ± 39.4） ng/g was higher than that in deciduous broadleaf forest leaf litter （25.8 ± 10.1） ng/g. The estimated Hg fluxes of leaf litter in suburban evergreen and deciduous broadleaf forests were 179.0 and 83.7 mg/（ha·yr）, respectively. The Hg concentration in organic horizons （O horizons） （（263.1 ± 237.2） ng/g） was higher than that in eluvial horizons （A horizons） （（83.9 ± 52.0） ng/g）. These results indicated that leaf litterfall plays an important role in transporting atmospheric mercury to soil in suburban forests. For urban forests in Beijing, the Hg concentrations in leaf litter ranged from 8.8–119.0 （avg 28.1 ± 16.6） ng/g, with higher concentrations at urban sites than at suburban sites for each tree. The Hg concentrations in surface soil in Beijing were 32.0–25300.0 ng/g and increased from suburban sites to urban sites, with the highest value from Jingshan （JS） Park at the centre of Beijing. Therefore, the distribution of Hg in Beijing urban forests appeared to be strongly influenced by anthropogenic activities.

Spectral vegetation indices as the indicator of canopy photosynthetic productivity in a deciduous broadleaf forest

Aims Understanding of the ecophysiological dynamics of forest canopy photosynthesis and its spatial and temporal scaling is crucial for revealing ecological response to climate change.Combined observations and analyses of plant ecophysiology and optical remote sensing would enable us to achieve these studies.In order to examine the utility of spectral vegetation indices(VIs)for assessing ecosystem-level photosynthesis,we investigated the relationships between canopy-scale photosynthetic productivity and canopy spectral reflectance over seasons for 5 years in a cool,temperate deciduous broadleaf forest at‘Takayama’super site in central Japan.Methods Daily photosynthetic capacity was assessed by in situ canopy leaf area index(LAI),(LAI×Vcmax[single-leaf photosynthetic capacity]),and the daily maximum rate of gross primary production(GPPmax)was estimated by an ecosystem carbon cycle model.We examined five VIs:normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),enhanced vegetation index(EVI),green–red vegetation index(GRVI),chlorophyll index(CI)and canopy chlorophyll index(CCI),which were obtained by the in situ measurements of canopy spectral reflectance.Important Findings Our in situ observation of leaf and canopy characteristics,which were analyzed by an ecosystem carbon cycling model,revealed that their phenological changes are responsible for seasonal and interannual variations in canopy photosynthesis.Significant correlations were found between the five VIs and canopy photosynthetic capacity over the seasons and years;four of the VIs showed hysteresis-type relationships and only CCI showed rather linear relationship.Among the VIs examined,we applied EVI–GPPmax relationship to EVI data obtained by Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer to estimate the temporal and spatial variation in GPPmax over central Japan.Our findings would improve the accuracy of satellite-based estimate of forest photosynthetic productivity in fine spatial and temporal resolutions,which are necessary for detecting any response of terrestrial ecosystem to meteorological fluctuations.

Linking satellite-based spring phenology to temperate deciduous broadleaf forest photosynthesis activity

Satellite-based remote sensed phenology has been widely used to assess global climate change.However,it is constrained by uncertain linkages with photo-synthesis activity.Two dynamic threshold methods were employed to retrieve spring phenology metrics from four Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer(MODIS)products,including fraction of Absorbed Photosyntheti-cally Active Radiation(fAPAR),Leaf Area Index(LAI),Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI),and Enhanced Vegetation Index(EVI)for three temperate deciduous broadleaf forests in North America between 2001 and 2009.These MODIS-based spring phenology metrics were subsequently linked to the photosynthetic curves(daily gross primary productivity,GPP)measured by an eddy covariance flux tower.The 20% dynamic threshold spring onset metrics from MODIS products were closer to the photosynthesis onset metrics at the date of 2% GPP increase for NDVI and fAPAR,and closer to the date of 5%and 10% increase of GPP for EVI and LAI,respectively.The 50% dynamic threshold onset metrics were closer to the photosynthesis onset metrics at the date of 10%GPP increase for NDVI,and closer to the date of 20% GPP increase for fAPAR,LAI and EVI,respectively.These results can improve our knowledge on the photosynthesis activity status of remotely sensed spring phenology metrics.

An Evaluation Model for Improving Biodiversity in Artificial Coniferous Forests Invaded by Broadleaf Trees

Increasing attention is being paid to the various functions of forests, especially the conservation of biodiversity. In Japan, 67% of national land is covered by forest, 41% of which is artificial forest (i.e., plantations). Therefore, efforts to conserve forest biodiversity should also target artificial forests. In this study, we investigated the increase in biodiversity resulting from broadleaf tree invasion of artificial coniferous forests. We examined diversity indices and combinations of indices to identify which ones can aid forest managers in evaluating forest diversity. We also studied classification according to the richness of diversity, which corresponded to the growth stages of Chamaecyparisobtusa and Cryptomeria japonica plantation forests. Moreover, we developed a model that will contribute to sustainable forest management and biodiversity over an entire area. The model, based on a specific rotation scenario in a geographic information system, is easy to use and presents spatial and temporal changes at sites visually.

缙云山针阔混交林水热通量特征及其影响因子

基于涡度相关技术,对重庆市缙云山观测站内的针阔混交林生态系统的净辐射(Rn)、显热通量(H)、潜热通量(LE)、土壤热通量(G)等进行处理,分析研究区水热通量及各环境因子的变化过程,明确水热通量变化的外在驱动因子,为森林经营及林业可持续发展提供科学依据。结果表明:1)该生态系统能量闭合缺失为0.26。2)各水热通量在日变化上呈现单峰变化趋势,在季节变化上呈现出夏季最大(日均值124.66 W/m^(2)),冬季最小(日均值31.68 W/m^(2));空气温度(Ta)、饱和水气压差(VPD)呈现多峰变化趋势;降水集中于一年的4、7、8,9和10月;叶面积指数(LAI)在生长季(4—10月)呈现单峰变化。3)非雾天情况下显热通量(H)显著大于雾天情况,冠层导度(Gs)表现出多维度的复杂特征。缙云山针阔混交林能量循环损失较小,数据可靠;太阳高度角变化引起的净辐射变化是水热通量变化的主导因素;降水量(Pr)的不规则分布及LAI的变化导致Ta和VPD多峰变化;雾气对土壤热量的导向会造成显热通量下降;较高的空气温度导致了大气与下垫面之间湍流形式的热流显著增加而使显热通量上涨。一般情况下,H主要受到Rn的影响,且分别受到VPD和土壤温度(Tsoil)的次要影响(雾天环境)以及VPD和风速WS的次要影响(非雾天环境)。Rn、Gs、Ta、VPD均对LE产生显著影响,未发现研究区Pr和Tsoil与LE存在显著关系。Gs受多种因素(Rn、VPD、Ta、VWC、P等)综合影响。

土壤温度和含水量变化对南亚热带常绿阔叶林土壤性质的影响

研究森林土壤铵态氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)和硝态氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N)质量分数的年际动态及其对环境变化的影响,对预测森林生态系统的结构和功能具有重要作用。应用南亚热带常绿阔叶林连续10 a的土壤理化性质监测,揭示土壤有效氮质量分数对土壤温度和水分的影响。结果表明:(1)土壤NH_(4)^(+)-N和NO_(3)^(-)-N质量分数年际间变化对干湿季节性敏感,湿季NH_(4)^(+)-N质量分数为9.41~15.59 mg·kg^(-1)、NO_(3)^(-)-N质量分数为24.50~36.18 mg·kg^(-1),干季NH_(4)^(+)-N质量分数为6.48~10.19 mg·kg^(-1)、NO_(3)^(-)-N质量分数为22.75~30.09 mg·kg^(-1),干湿季差异显著。(2)土壤温度和含水量对NH_(4)^(+)-N质量分数变异解释率为57%,对NO_(3)^(-)-N质量分数变异解释率为28%,NH_(4)^(+)-N质量分数与气温显著正相关,湿季降水量与NH_(4)^(+)-N和NO_(3)^(-)-N质量分数呈负相关关系;干季降水量与NH_(4)^(+)-N质量分数正相关,但与NO_(3)^(-)-N质量分数负相关;干季低温条件下,土壤含水量与NH_(4)^(+)-N质量分数负相关。(3)土壤温湿度、土壤养分质量分数的变化显著影响土壤NH_(4)^(+)-N和NO_(3)^(-)-N累积;湿季全氮和易氧化碳分别是NH_(4)^(+)-N和NO_(3)^(-)-N累积的主导因子;干季土壤微生物生物量碳和微生物生物量氮为主导因子。

间伐强度对天然红松阔叶林土壤胞外酶活性及其化学计量比的影响

【目的】研究不同间伐强度下红松阔叶林土壤胞外酶活性和化学计量比的变化,探讨间伐强度对土壤养分循环的影响,有利于红松阔叶林的可持续经营和生态功能的稳定。【方法】以吉林省长白山林区内的天然红松阔叶林为研究对象,选择4个间伐强度(CK,0%;LT,14%;MT,27%;HT,41%),测定并分析土壤养分、土壤胞外酶活性及其化学计量比,通过胞外酶矢量分析、相关性分析和冗余分析(RDA)揭示间伐强度对红松阔叶林土壤胞外酶活性及养分限制的影响。【结果】间伐显著降低了磷(P)获取酶活性(ACP),显著提高了碳(C)、氮(N)获取酶活性(CBH、BG、NAG、LAP),且随着间伐强度的增加,C、N获取酶均呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,在中度间伐达到最大。土壤EC∶P(0.99)和矢量长度(0.92)在重度间伐处较高,EC∶N(1.15)和矢量角度(57.21°)在未间伐处较高,表明土壤微生物在重度间伐和未间伐下分别具有较强的碳和磷限制。土壤铵态氮与C获取酶(CBH、BG)活性、EC∶N、EC∶P、矢量长度呈显著正相关关系(P<0.001),与P获取酶(ACP)活性显著负相关(P<0.01)。土壤全氮、铵态氮、硝态氮、有效磷、有机质是调控土壤胞外酶活性随间伐强度变化的重要因子。【结论】适宜的间伐强度可以提高土壤胞外酶活性,改善土壤微生物养分限制,促进土壤生物化学循环过程,研究结果可以为深入探讨间伐对天然次生林的养分循环和资源限制等研究提供理论支撑,为红松阔叶林的经营管理提供科学依据。

南北过渡带常绿落叶阔叶混交林碳通量特征及其对环境因子的响应

森林生态系统强大的碳源/汇功能是实现“碳中和”和“碳达峰”战略目标最经济、有效的自然气候解决方案和固碳增汇手段。准确评估森林生态系统的碳汇能力,对于明确森林碳储量有重要意义。为明确亚热带-暖温带气候过渡带的常绿落叶阔叶混交林的碳通量特征及其驱动因素,2011—2020年利用涡度相关法开展了大别山常绿落叶阔叶混交林碳通量和环境要素的观测试验。结果表明:大别山常绿落叶阔叶混交林净生态系统CO_(2)交换量、生态系统呼吸(Reco)、总初级生态生产力分别为-788.13 gC m^(-2) a^(-1)、1074.14 gC m^(-2) a^(-1)、1862.27 gC m^(-2) a^(-1),该森林生态系统整体表现为碳汇,其固碳能力与相近纬度的常绿落叶阔叶混交林基本持平,并高于针阔叶混交林、毛竹林等其他类型的森林生态系统。10年间,大别山常绿落叶阔叶混交林的固碳能力有所增强。影响大别山常绿落叶阔叶混交林碳通量的主要环境因子为温度与太阳辐射,气温(Ta)、净辐射(Rn)、光合有效辐射和总辐射与生态系统碳生产力和GPP呈显著正相关(P<0.001),Reco与Ta和Rn呈显著正相关(P<0.001)。研究结果为气候变化响应敏感的南北气候过渡带森林生态系统的碳储量估算、碳循环过程模拟提供观测数据支持和科学依据。

南岭国家级自然保护区地上粗木质残体质量估算模型构建

为了更好地支撑广东南岭国家级自然保护区以及附近森林生态系统碳储量和碳汇估算,研究采用广东南岭国家级自然保护区海拔400~1800 m之间阔叶林和针阔混交林中采集的300个粗木质残体(Coarse wood debris,CWD)样品,以分解等级和体积参数为自变量构建CWD质量估算模型。CWD样品平均直径3.332~5.919 cm,平均长度1.55~2.80 m,平均密度0.150~0.224 g·cm^(-3)。尽管直径、长度和密度在个体和样地之间的差异较大,但总体上不随海拔和森林类型而变化,代表性较好。CWD分解等级对样品特征有显著影响,样品密度随分解等级增加而下降。建立的模型拟合度高,分解等级和体积参数均能有效解释CWD质量变化。

雅鲁藏布大峡谷植物叶片碳氮磷化学计量特征

为了解雅鲁藏布大峡谷区域植物的生态适应性及N、P养分利用特征,该研究在墨脱不同森林植被区选取6个采样点,对每个采样点优势植物进行了植物叶片C、N、P化学计量特征分析。结果表明,研究区植物叶片碳含量均值为452 g kg^(-1),在不同采样点之间差异未达到显著水平,其余指标在部分采样点之间则存在一定的差异;从生活型看,研究区木本植物叶片碳含量要高于草本植物,氮含量差异不显著,磷含量则低于草本植物;在不同采样点之间木本植物叶片碳氮磷含量差异不显著,木本植物碳氮差异也不显著,但草本植物部分采样点之间磷差异达到显著水平;相关性分析显示,植物叶片C与N、C与P相关性均不显著,但N、P相关性达到极显著水平;墨脱常绿阔叶林区植物叶片C含量略低于我国南方其它常绿阔叶林区植物叶片碳含量,氮含量略高于其他区域,但P含量显著高于其他区域的植物叶片P含量,因此C/N,C/P及N/P均较低,N/P的均值为11.4。本研究结果支持植物叶片氮磷在不同生境中均存在明显正相关关系,结合生长速率假说,墨脱常绿阔叶林区的植物生长速率可能远高于我国其他常绿阔叶林区,因此研究区森林生态系统的碳汇以及面对全球N沉降背景下的响应值得进一步研究。

2021-2022年广东南岭站日尺度气象数据集

南岭森林生态系统的山地森林及生物多样性生态功能区是我国25个重点生态功能区之一,覆盖包括亚热带常绿阔叶林、针阔叶常绿混交林、山顶常绿阔叶矮林等多种森林植被类型。亚热带常绿阔叶林作为南岭山地最典型植被类型,对其群落气象要素进行监测有助于探索亚热带常绿阔叶林对气候变化的响应机理。本研究依托广东南岭森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站(简称“南岭站”)在广东南岭国家级自然保护区开展定位研究。本研究将南岭站2021-2022年亚热带常绿阔叶林区内连续采集的10 min平均风速、降水量、气温、气压、太阳辐射(总辐射、反射辐射、紫外辐射、净辐射、光合有效辐射)、相对湿度的原始数据,经过数据处理、质量控制和评估,以日尺度公开。本数据集的建立和公开共享,可为进一步认识南岭山地森林生态系统提供数据支撑,为森林生态系统修复和保护提供理论参考。

阔叶红松林火烧迹地天然更新特征分析

通过对天然更新阔叶混交林的林分密度、树种组成、径阶结构和主要树种生长规律4个方面探讨天然更新阔叶混交林林木更新特征,为火烧迹地植被恢复和天然林保护提供理论基础。结果表明,其阔叶红松林火烧后80 a,天然更新形成的林分主要树种是榆树和白桦,虽公顷蓄积量不低,但经济价值不高,且缺少针叶树种,如要加快林分的演替进程,需要采用人工促进天然更新或人工引入本土红松的措施,加速火烧迹地向顶极群落的恢复。

The Influence of Typical Forest Types on Soil Erosion Resistance in the Water Source Areas of Central Yunnan

In order to clarify the influence of different forest types on soil erosion resistance in water source area of Central Yunnan,with the soils under three different kinds of typical forest in Yizhe watershed as the research object,this paper uses field simulation method and principal component analysis to analyze the soil erosion resistance of three kinds of soils. The results show that there is a significant difference in the shear strength of soil among three types of typical forest,and the size of soil shear strength is in the order of Pinus yunnanensis forest land >mixed broadleaf-conifer forest land > eucalyptus forest land. The difference in the soil erosion coefficient among different forests is not significant,and the soil erosion resistance is highest in mixed broadleaf-conifer forest land( 39. 0%),followed by eucalyptus woodland( 37. 0%)and Pinus yunnanensis forest land( 24. 0%). Under heavy rain intensity and long duration of rainfall,the ability of soil under eucalyptus ×Pinus yunnanensis mixed forests to resist disintegration is more obvious. Using principal component analysis to analyze soil erosion resistance of soils under three different forests,we get the comprehensive evaluation model for soil erosion resistance: Y = 0. 763Y1+ 0. 236Y2. The soil erosion resistance is in the order of mixed broadleaf-conifer forest land( 0. 150) > eucalyptus forest land( 0. 127) > Pinus yunnanensis forest land(-0. 079),indicating that the mixed forests have better water loss and soil erosion control effect than pure forests.

长白山6种阔叶树测定树木叶面积的最适叶片数量

2019年7—8月份,在长白山阔叶红松林中选取假色槭(Acer pseudo-sieboldianum)、色木槭(Acer mono)、蒙古栎(Quercus mongolica)、紫椴(Tilia amurensis)、糠椴(Tilia mandshurica)、拧筋槭(Acer triflorum)6个阔叶树种为研究对象,在采集叶片前将树木大小划分为3个径级(小径树木(D_(1))、中径树木(D_(2))、大径树木(D_(3))),由于6种阔叶树的性状差异,树木大小3个等级对应的胸径(D)大小不一致(假色槭,D≤10 cm为D_(1)、10 cm<D≤15 cm为D_(2)、D>15 cm为D_(3);拧筋槭,D≤10 cm为D_(1)、10 cm<D≤20 cm为D_(2)、D>20 cm为D_(3);其余4个树种,D≤15 cm为D_(1)、15 cm<D≤30 cm为D_(2)、D>30 cm为D_(3)),每个等级选择3~4棵样树,每个树种选取10株;针对选取的样树、新鲜倒木,将树冠划分为上、中、下3部分,应用高枝剪等工具在树冠中部的东、西、南、北4个方位以及树冠底部、树冠上部2个方位,共6个方位,分别选取生长状况良好的叶片20片,每株树共计选取120片叶片,6个树种共采集叶片7165片(假色槭1193片、糠椴1162片、蒙古栎1139片、拧筋槭1216片、色木槭1311片、紫椴1144片),作为抽样总体。应用Excel进行数据基础分析,获取6个树种、3个胸径等级、6个取样方位的叶面积平均值和标准误差;应用R 4.2.3中的单因素方差分析法(ANOVA)对6个树种的叶面积进行方差分析,并通过多重比较法(Tukey HSD法)分析不同树种之间叶面积的差异性;应用t.test函数计算不同胸径等级、不同取样方位的差异性,分析不同树种在区分胸径等级和取样方位时叶面积均值与总体叶面积均值的差异;应用t检验法和随机抽样法,分析不同树种确定树木叶面积的最适叶片取样数量、6个树种在区分胸径和取样方位时确定树木叶面积的最适取样数量。结果表明:①不同树种的最适叶片取样数量不同,与种内的叶片变异系数密切相关。②6个树种的最适叶片取样数量分别为,假色槭644片、色木槭750片、蒙古栎677片、糠椴648片、紫椴697片、拧筋槭701片。③在径级和取样方位时对叶片取样,除了紫椴选择中等胸径树木的西方位取样,其余5个树种在野外工作环境时可选取中等胸径树木的下方位进行取样,最适叶片取样数量分别为,假色槭30片、色木槭46片、蒙古栎17片、糠椴65片、紫椴39片、拧筋槭66片。④综合试验研究结果,在野外采样时,应针对树种、胸径和取样方位,选择最适叶片取样数量,不应统一选择理论数据的25~40片叶片。

武夷山中亚热带常绿阔叶林群丛分类及群落构建

研究区位于武夷山市星村镇四新村附近区域,以武夷山常绿阔叶林9.6 hm 2森林动态监测样地为试验地,以2018年对森林动态监测样地复查的物种分布及地形因子数据为基础数据;将物种分布与地形因子结合,使用多元回归树(MRT)将样地内群落划分;应用非度量多维标度(NMDS)、相似性分析(Anosim),确认多元回归树群丛划分准确性;应用置换相似性百分比(PER-SIMPER),分析群丛之间差异性和群落构建机制;综合研究结果对武夷山中亚热带常绿阔叶林群丛进行划分。结果表明:样地内群落划分为4个群丛,结合重要值与指示值,群丛命名为群丛A——“红毒茴+檵木-闽楠+福建含笑”群丛(Illicium lanceolatum+Loropetalum chinense-Phoebe bournei+Michelia fujianensis associations)、群丛B——“米槠-毛锥+甜槠”群丛(Castanopsis carlesii-Castanopsis fordii+Castanopsis eyrei associations)、群丛C——“赤楠-米槠+毛锥”群丛(Syzygium buxifolium-Castanopsis carlesii+Castanopsis fordii associations)、群丛D——“樟叶泡花树+凸脉冬青-米槠+少叶黄杞”群丛(Meliosma squamulata+Ilex kobuskiana-Castanopsis carlesii+Engelhardtia fenzelii associations);经非度量多维标度、相似分析表明,4个群丛间差异显著;依据4个群丛的置换相似性百分比分析表明,相对于生态位限制模型和限制扩散模型,生态位-扩散限制模型的E值(零相似性百分比与经验相似性百分比之间的平方偏差之和的对数)较小,说明监测样地群落构建主要受生态位分化与扩散限制两者共同影响。

巫山针叶林与阔叶林乔灌草结构特征及碳汇功能对比

【目的】针叶林与阔叶林构成了森林类型主体,研究二者的林分结构特征和碳汇功能差异对于森林质量精准提升和森林生态系统物种多样性保护具有重要意义。【方法】以巫山针叶林与阔叶林森林为研究对象,共142块乔木林样地(针叶林70块,阔叶林72块),调查分析样地内乔灌草的群落结构特征,计算植物物种多样性和地上碳储量,基于结构方程模型分析立地环境、群落结构和物种多样性对碳汇功能的响应关系。【结果】1)针叶林内共有乔木30种,隶属于28科30属,灌木16科20属20种,草本15科21属21种。阔叶林内共有乔木36种,隶属于30科36属,灌木16科21属21种,草本17科19属19种。乔木层中,针叶林和阔叶林的Patrick丰富度指数、Simpson优势度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数均存在显著性差异;2)群落结构对森林碳汇功能的总影响系数为2.466,平均影响系数为0.352,在群落结构特征的7个观测变量中,对森林固碳功能影响最大的因子是胸径(0.832);物种多样性对碳汇功能的总影响系数为0.859,平均影响系数为0.215,对固碳功能影响最大的物种多样性指数因子是优势度指数(0.32);立地环境对碳汇功能的总影响系数为2.253,平均影响系数为0.563,对森林固碳功能影响最大的立地因子是海拔(0.753)。对碳汇功能影响最大的因子是立地环境;3)在巫山,针叶林林分收获固定的碳是阔叶林的2.50倍,即针叶林的碳汇功能是阔叶林的2.50倍。【结论】本研究以巫山大量野外调查数据为基础,对南方针叶林、阔叶林的乔灌草植物组成特征、物种多样性与碳汇功能差异进行详细分析,并基于结构方程模型对立地环境、群落结构特征和物种多样性的量化因子对碳汇功能的影响系数进行分析,相关结果可为南方针叶林、阔叶林的碳汇功能研究提供理论支持,建议开展不同树种组成的针叶林、阔叶林林木生长长期监测,加强森林质量提升,助力国家“双碳”目标实现。

亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林木本植物生物量模型meta分析

【目的】对亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林木本植物生物量模型进行汇编与分析,获悉基于样地调查的植物名录中生物量模型现状,为研究者开展生物量计算与评估提供参考,从而为完善该类森林木本植物生物量模型的研究提供方向,为制定统一的生物量建模标准提供借鉴。【方法】根据在鄂西南3个自然保护区和1个国有林场的常绿落叶阔叶混交林内的固定监测样地调查确定物种名录,检索、筛选和整理木本植物生物量模型,并对模型结构、参数和影响模型准确性的因素进行分析。【结果】共获得167组665个生物量模型,涉及55科、110属、270种的植物,涵盖了物种名录中455种植物的60%,有182个物种未找到生物量模型;模型集中包含19种自变量形式(主要为胸径D、基径D_(B)、树高H等及其不同组合,如D^(2)H、D_(B)^(2)H)和5类函数形式(幂函数388个、线性函数121个、多项式函数73个、对数函数68个、指数函数15个);模型集中的568个模型(85.4%)标注了自变量取值范围,596个模型(89.6%)标注了建模标准木数量,样本数超过30株的生物量模型占比较低(22.3%);559个模型(84.1%)标注了相关系数或决定系数以表征模型准确性,该类系数介于0.17~0.99之间,平均值为0.91;模型自变量、样本量、函数类型、树木不同器官组分和生活型均会对模型的准确性产生影响。【结论】亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林木本植物的生物量模型仍存在较大的空缺,且已有的模型存在样本量不足、统计参数不完整等问题,模型的准确性需要考虑样本量、自变量、函数类型等因素带来的影响。

千岛湖区马尾松次生林疏伐后阔叶树生长和群落恢复研究

因分布于千岛湖的大面积马尾松占优势的次生林面临松材线虫病威胁,1996—2002年2次进行“砍松留阔”36.6%~50.0%高强度疏伐试验,于2022年进行调查,分析其阔叶树生长和群落恢复情况。结果表明:马尾松纯林经过疏伐后,促进了常绿阔叶树生长,阔叶树重要值从首次疏伐6年后上升至31.96%,第2次疏伐再过20年后增加到76.78%;马尾松阔叶混交林中的马尾松重要值试验初为66.87%,第1次疏疏伐6年后下降至34.05%,第2次疏伐再过20年后下降到13.54%;没有疏伐的常绿阔叶林前6年蓄积量年平均增长6.3%,再过20年后,优势树种苦槠枯死比例达1/3,总体蓄积呈基本稳定态势。马尾松林分布区高强度科学疏伐经营,可以促进林分的正向演替,免遭松材线虫病危害,同时还有一定的经济效益。