Recent state-of-the-art computed tomography and improved three-dimensional(3-D) postprocessing techniques have revolutionized the capability of visualizing airway pathology,offering physicians an advanced view of path...Recent state-of-the-art computed tomography and improved three-dimensional(3-D) postprocessing techniques have revolutionized the capability of visualizing airway pathology,offering physicians an advanced view of pathology and allowing for appropriate management planning.This article is a comprehensive review of trachea and main bronchi imaging,with emphasis on the dynamic airway anatomy,and a discussion of a wide variety of diseases including,but not limited to,congenital large airway abnormalities,tracheobronchial stenoses,benign and malignant neoplasms and tracheobronchomalacia.The importance of multiplanar reconstruction,3-D reconstruction and incorporation of dynamic imaging for non-invasive evaluation of the large airways is stressed.展开更多
背景与目的肺癌在许多国家和地区已成为发病率和死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤,建立科学合适的肺癌动物模型,用以模拟出与人类肺癌的病因、发病机制、发展过程相似的动物模型是亟待解决的问题。通过宣威烟煤粉尘PM10(particulate matter with di...背景与目的肺癌在许多国家和地区已成为发病率和死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤,建立科学合适的肺癌动物模型,用以模拟出与人类肺癌的病因、发病机制、发展过程相似的动物模型是亟待解决的问题。通过宣威烟煤粉尘PM10(particulate matter with diameters of 10μm or less,PM10)对树鼩支气管上皮的影响,探索建立宣威烟煤粉尘致肺癌模型的可行性。方法健康成年树鼩,切开颈部皮肤,充分暴露甲状软骨,于甲状软骨上方薄弱处,采用特制灌注针行穿刺的方法进行气管内试剂灌注。定期行X线检查,观察肺部影像学改变,处死动物行肺组织病理检查,观察灌注后支气管上皮改变情况。结果烟尘处理组树鼩灌注药物后1周内开始死亡,空白对照组、溶剂对照组树鼩灌注后至实验结束无异常死亡。定期处死树鼩行肺组织HE染色切片病理检查,空白对照组及溶剂对照组无明显病理改变,烟尘处理组树鼩肺组织可见支气管粘膜上皮过度增生-鳞状化生-不典型增生-早期浸润癌的病理变化过程。结论宣威烟煤粉尘可以导致树鼩支气管上皮出现支气管粘膜上皮过度增生-鳞状化生-不典型增生-早期浸润癌的病理变化,应用宣威烟煤粉尘PM10行气管内灌注可以诱发树鼩肺癌。可以建立肺癌模型。展开更多
The tracheobronchial tree is a musculo-cartilagenous framework which acts as a conduit to aerate the lungs and consequently the entire body. A large spectrum of pathological conditions can involve the trachea and bron...The tracheobronchial tree is a musculo-cartilagenous framework which acts as a conduit to aerate the lungs and consequently the entire body. A large spectrum of pathological conditions can involve the trachea and bronchial airways. These may be congenital anomalies, infections, post-intubation airway injuries, foreign body aspiration or neoplasms involving the airway. Appropriate management of airway disease requires an early and accurate diagnosis. In this pictorial essay review, we will comprehensively describe the various airway pathologies and their imaging findings by multi-detector computed tomography.展开更多
文摘Recent state-of-the-art computed tomography and improved three-dimensional(3-D) postprocessing techniques have revolutionized the capability of visualizing airway pathology,offering physicians an advanced view of pathology and allowing for appropriate management planning.This article is a comprehensive review of trachea and main bronchi imaging,with emphasis on the dynamic airway anatomy,and a discussion of a wide variety of diseases including,but not limited to,congenital large airway abnormalities,tracheobronchial stenoses,benign and malignant neoplasms and tracheobronchomalacia.The importance of multiplanar reconstruction,3-D reconstruction and incorporation of dynamic imaging for non-invasive evaluation of the large airways is stressed.
文摘为了从胸部CT图像中提取气道树,提出一种人体气道树的快速自动提取算法,其中包括三维区域生长、三维波传递和形态学优化3个步骤,通过多次迭代完成最终提取.区域生长的作用是提取气道树主体,三维波传递和形态学优化用于提取外围细支气管.在波传递中采用模糊逻辑判据,并利用形态学特征防止泄漏.将算法应用于28例数据,结果表明,利用该算法均能成功提取第5级或第6级支气管,且未泄漏;此外,该算法运行速度特别快,提取一个气管树耗时一般小于2 s.
文摘背景与目的肺癌在许多国家和地区已成为发病率和死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤,建立科学合适的肺癌动物模型,用以模拟出与人类肺癌的病因、发病机制、发展过程相似的动物模型是亟待解决的问题。通过宣威烟煤粉尘PM10(particulate matter with diameters of 10μm or less,PM10)对树鼩支气管上皮的影响,探索建立宣威烟煤粉尘致肺癌模型的可行性。方法健康成年树鼩,切开颈部皮肤,充分暴露甲状软骨,于甲状软骨上方薄弱处,采用特制灌注针行穿刺的方法进行气管内试剂灌注。定期行X线检查,观察肺部影像学改变,处死动物行肺组织病理检查,观察灌注后支气管上皮改变情况。结果烟尘处理组树鼩灌注药物后1周内开始死亡,空白对照组、溶剂对照组树鼩灌注后至实验结束无异常死亡。定期处死树鼩行肺组织HE染色切片病理检查,空白对照组及溶剂对照组无明显病理改变,烟尘处理组树鼩肺组织可见支气管粘膜上皮过度增生-鳞状化生-不典型增生-早期浸润癌的病理变化过程。结论宣威烟煤粉尘可以导致树鼩支气管上皮出现支气管粘膜上皮过度增生-鳞状化生-不典型增生-早期浸润癌的病理变化,应用宣威烟煤粉尘PM10行气管内灌注可以诱发树鼩肺癌。可以建立肺癌模型。
文摘The tracheobronchial tree is a musculo-cartilagenous framework which acts as a conduit to aerate the lungs and consequently the entire body. A large spectrum of pathological conditions can involve the trachea and bronchial airways. These may be congenital anomalies, infections, post-intubation airway injuries, foreign body aspiration or neoplasms involving the airway. Appropriate management of airway disease requires an early and accurate diagnosis. In this pictorial essay review, we will comprehensively describe the various airway pathologies and their imaging findings by multi-detector computed tomography.
