Parameter matching of hydraulic balancing circuit based on AMESim

In order to improve the stability of the hydraulic balancing circuit,taking a certain type of vehicular radar flip device as the research object,the influence of different wind load,counterbalance valve parameters and hydraulic pump flow pulsation on the system flip process are simulated and analyzed.Through the force analysis of the flipping device,the total load curve of the flip cylinder is obtained by using MATLAB simulation.The simulation model of balancing circuit and plane flip device are built by AMESim software,and the reasonable parameter matching relationship is obtained by specific simulation analysis.The simulation results show that when the wind load is to the left and decreases,the system runs more stably.When wind load works in the right direction,the load on the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder decreases but the jitter amplitude increases.At the same time,the stability of the balancing circuit can be effectively improved by properly reducing the damping diameter of the counterbalance valve,setting the pilot ratio to 4∶1 and using the hydraulic pump with small pulsation.The optimized parameter matching relationship can not only meet the requirements of typical system conditions and responses,but also improve the performance of the circuit.

Modeling of the Earth’s Planetary Heat Balance with Electrical Circuit Analogy

The integral heat model for the system of the Earth’s surface—the atmosphere—the open space based on the electrical circuit analogy is presented. Mathematical models of the heat balance for this system are proposed. Heat circuit which is analog of the electrical circuit for investigating the temperature dependencies on the key parameters in the clear form is presented.

BALANCED TRUNCATED MODELS OF C INTERCONNECT CIRCUITS AND THEIR SIMULATION

The Balanced Truncation Method (BTM) is applied to an even distributed RC interconnect case by using Wang's closed-forms of even distributed RC interconnect models. The results show that extremely high order RC interconnect can be high-accurately approximated by only third order balanced model. Related simulations are executed in both time domain and frequency domain. The results may be applied to VLSI interconnect model reduction and design.

AN IMPROVEMENT TO THE HARMONIC-BALANCE TECHNIQUE FOR ANALYZING NONLINEAR CIRCUITS

In this paper,an improved method,which is based on the harmonic-balance tech-nique,for speeding up the convergence iteration procedure is presented.As an example,it isapplied to the nonlinear analysis of microwave mixer,in which a simple time domain to fre-quency domain transformation technique for the mixer diode is firstly introduced.The use of thistechnique saves computing time dramatically.And the analyzed results are in good agreementwith the results published.The improved method can also be extended to the CAA of nonlinearcircuits with multi-devices.

Self-Balanced Charge Pump with Fast Lock Circuit

A self-balanced charge pump （CP） with fast lock circuit to achieve nearly zero phase error is proposed and analyzed. The proposed CP is designed based on the SMIC 0.25μm 1P5M complementary metal oxide semiconductor （CMOS） process with a 2.5 V supply voltage, HSPICE simulation shows that even if the mismatch of phase/frequency detector （PFD） was beyond 10%, the charge pump could still keep nearly zero phase error, Incorporated fast lock circuit can shorten start-up time to below 300 ns.

A4~12GHz Wideband Balanced MIC Power Amplifier

A 4-12GHz wideband power amplifier,using a balanced configuration with a strip line Lange coupler, is designed and fabricated. This power amplifier shows a maximum continuous wave output power of 29.5dBm at 8GHz center frequency with an associated gain of 8.5dB and a gain flatness of ＋ /- 0.6dB in the 4-12GHz frequency range.

基于Buck-Boost准谐振电路的电池自适应分组均衡方案研究

针对Buck-Boost均衡电路中开关频繁通断导致均衡效率降低的问题,文中对传统的Buck-Boost电路进行改进,设计可实现开关管的零电压导通的准谐振电路,有助于减小开关损耗,提高均衡电路的效率。为减少开关管的通断次数,并缩短均衡时间,均衡策略采用全局优化视角,分段选择电压和SOC作为目标均衡变量,并提出电池单体间、单元间及模组之间的自适应分组均衡策略。以8个电池串联的电池组为例,设计静置、充电、放电和浮充均衡实验,结果表明,与传统方案相比,提出的均衡电路和均衡策略在均衡效率和速度上有显著提升,可助力电池组的整体性能提升及其延寿。

Development and study on automatic balancer based on counter weight by magnetic force

Rotating machines are very sensitive to mass unbalance which has a harmful effect on its running accuracy and service life. Therefore,a variety of dynamic balancing methods and devices are studied to reduce the vibration caused by mass unbalance. On-line active balancing is a new balancing procedure which is more convenient and precise than the previous methods. In this paper,an electromagnetic balancer based on ring coils and permanent magnets is presented. The balancer has a simple structure and the self-locking function without clutch,and transfers power by the non-contact electromagnetic field. In order to justify the rationality of its design,a two-dimension(2D) electromagnetic finite element model is conducted to verify that this magnetic circuit has no flux leakage and saturation. A three-dimension (3D) 1/10 model of the balancer is built to obtain the self-locking torque and driving torque. Based on the research work above,an electromagnetic balancer is developed. By testing the balancer using COCO80,it is verified effective to reduce the rotor unbalance at the speed of 1300 r/min.

基于外控恒压调速阀的垛式液压支架支柱承载特性分析

针对垛式液压支架降柱过程中立柱失速的问题,基于外控恒压调速阀改进平衡回路,研究立柱在负载作用下的承载特性。利用AMESim搭建液压支架平衡回路的仿真模型模拟立柱工作过程,分析外控恒压调速阀的结构参数对立柱承载特性及外控恒压调速阀阀口流量特性的影响。结果表明:立柱受到冲击时,安全阀开启卸荷;立柱下行时平衡回路作用防止立柱失速。减小外控恒压调速阀的阻尼孔直径与调控活塞面积可提高系统响应速度,平衡回路稳定性能提升,立柱承载特性得到改善。

基于改进Buck-Boost的分层均衡电路研究

针对传统Buck-Boost均衡电路在电池数量增多时,会造成均衡时间长,效率低等问题,提出了一种改进Buck-Boost的分层均衡电路拓扑结构。该均衡电路在组内电池与电池或电池组与电池组之间采用双向Buck-Boost均衡器,利用电感储存和传递能量,在组间两电池包之间采用外加外部电源的反激式变压器进行不同程度的充电来达到均衡。以电池的荷电状态(SOC)作为均衡变量,在MATLAB/Simulink中搭建了8节串联锂电池组仿真模型,4节串联电池为一个电池包,两个电池包之间采用组间均衡,设置8节电池直接均衡为对照组。结果表明:在静置状态下,分层均衡所需时间比直接均衡快9.18%,且均衡后分层均衡的容量比直接均衡高1.1%。在外加电源下,能较快将电池组充满电,验证了所提均衡电路的有效性。

固态断路器多IGBT串联混合均压电路设计

固态断路器需多IGBT串联切断短路故障电流,针对多IGBT存在电压分配不均、局部电压过高、损耗大等问题,提出一种混合式均压控制电路拓扑结构。分析固态断路器多IGBT均压影响因素,研究均压拓扑性能。优化缓冲电路结构,改进充放电型缓冲电路,减小损耗;引入双阈值钳位控制电路,改善IGBT过电压;提出被动均压与辅助反馈主动均压结合的混合均压控制策略,加快响应速度,实现均压动态自适应调节。制作样机,进行固态断路器设计拓扑和控制的仿真及实验验证,结果表明:混合式均压控制电路可减小IGBT电路超调量,具备更强的抑制过电压能力,提升响应速度。

模块化多电平逆变电路的调制算法研究

针对永磁同步电机传统三电平逆变电路无法满足高压场景的问题,采用空间矢量脉宽调制算法对模块化多电平逆变电路进行调制分析,观察其输出电压波形。然后针对模块化多电平逆变电路各相之间容易出现环流现象,对电容电压平衡控制算法进行简化。在Matlab/Simulink中搭建模型仿真,观察和分析模块化多电平逆变电路的输出电压,实验结果验证了采用空间矢量脉宽调制算法对改善模块化多电平逆变电路的输出特性的有效性和简化后的电容电压平衡控制算法具有稳定性。

飞轮储能技术在断路器动态特性检测中的应用

在地铁列车断路器动态特性检测中,引入飞轮储能系统能够有效回收列车再生制动能量,稳定断路器开关动作电压,但单飞轮储能系统容量较小,难以满足列车再生制动能量利用需求,飞轮储能阵列(FESA)是解决这一问题的有效手段.首先,分析飞轮储能系统的数学模型和运行特性;然后,考虑稳压节能及弱磁需求,给出基于多电压阈值的单飞轮储能系统控制策略,并在此基础上针对飞轮阵列均速控制和工作模式管理等核心问题,提出基于转差修正控制和基于“电压-转速-电流”三闭环控制的两种飞轮储能阵列控制策略;最后,通过仿真和实验验证飞轮储能阵列控制策略的可行性.

基于光纤漏磁场测量的变压器磁平衡保护研究

针对变压器绕组变形、轻微匝间故障等早期故障,传统的保护方案一般难以进行有效的诊断,根据变压器绕组漏磁场变化可以灵敏地检测出绕组的早期故障,但缺乏适用于工程应用的绕组漏磁场分析的解析方法和在线测量方案。针对这些问题,该文计算了简化模型下的变压器绕组漏磁场分布,通过测量绕组上、下表面和中部的漏磁感应强度,提出故障分量磁平衡保护的整定方法和判别逻辑。最后,建立了Ansys的仿真模型和动模实验模型,验证了保护方案具有不受负荷变化及不受励磁涌流的影响,并且区内故障检测灵敏度高的优点。

一种小型化超宽带同轴巴伦的设计与实现

集总参数巴伦尺寸小且易集成,但其不能承受较大功率,且频带较窄;分布参数类同轴巴伦因其具有宽频带、低损耗、大功率容量等特点,目前被广泛应用于大功率辐照天线的差分馈电与阻抗匹配的设计中。针对某试验系统对宽频带大功率辐照天线的工程应用需求,基于非整数阻抗变化比的同轴巴伦设计方法,设计与实现了一款加载铁氧体磁环的阻抗变换比1∶2.25的同轴巴伦。仿真结果与实测结果表明,该巴伦频带为0.01~1.30 GHz,巴伦相位不平衡度在180°±5°以内,幅度不平衡度在±1 dB以内,两路插损均小于1.5 dB。仿真分析了巴伦在500 W功率馈电下的电性能,验证了其功率容量。

锂电池双向均衡及模型预测控制优化

为了解决锂电池组内部单体不一致导致的能量利用率低、电池容量衰减等问题,提出了一种基于模型预测控制的双向均衡控制方法。首先,以锂电池单体的荷电状态(SOC)为均衡控制目标,采用带遗忘因子的最小二乘法和扩展卡尔曼滤波法联合估计电池SOC;接着,通过设计双向反激式电路,形成可升降压的均衡结构,并采用模型预测控制优化双向反激式电路的正反向均衡控制状态;最后,通过占空比控制双向反激式电路的均衡电流,实现不同锂电池单体之间的SOC均衡。研究结果表明:采用双向反激式电路和模型预测控制,不但降低了均衡电路控制的复杂程度,避免了传统均衡方法的电池组内部均衡消耗,而且有效提高了均衡可靠性和均衡速度;在动态工况下,基于模型预测控制的锂电池双向均衡控制方法,能快速实现锂电池单体之间的SOC均衡,与传统的比例均衡控制方法相比,均衡时间缩短了68.3%。

基于并联拓扑的锂电池组充电电路设计及Proteus仿真

鉴于锂电池组在循环充放电过程中存在温升、过充放及单体电压不均衡等现象,会导致电池组单体间容量差异化增大,进而降低其使用寿命。为此,结合锂电池充放电需求,基于并联拓扑和均衡理论,采用“PWM整流+反激式间接直流变换+Buck降压斩波”原理设计充电电路,并通过ADuC812单片机实现电压、电流、温度的全程实时监控。最后,以6700901型磷酸铁锂电池组(LiFePO4)作为实验对象,利用Proteus软件对锂电池组充电电路、保护电路及均衡电路分别进行了仿真。结果表明单体电压间极差由充电前的0.065 V降至0.003 V,验证了充电电路的可行性与较好的均衡效果,保护电路亦达到预期效果。

基于两级均衡电路的电池组智能均衡方法

为解决传统均衡电拓扑均衡效率较低的问题,文中提出了一种两级均衡拓扑结构。该均衡拓扑将电池组分为组内与组间两种形式,组内采用Buck-Boost均衡电路,组间采用可重构均衡电路,组内与组间可同时均衡,提高了均衡效率。以SOC(State of Charge)作为均衡变量,组内均衡算法采用基于SOC的模糊逻辑控制策略,减少均衡时间,提高均衡效率。使用MATLAB/Simulink软件对电路拓扑建模仿真,并与传统Buck-Boost电路进行对比。仿真结果表明,在充放电状态下,相较于传统Buck-Boost电路,所提算法及均衡拓扑使均衡时间减少了约28%,表明该均衡电路及算法具有良好的性能。

基于棱边元的三维定点谐波平衡有限元法及其在非线性问题中的应用

为提升三维非线性电磁场仿真计算效率,提出了基于A、φ-A位组的三维定点谐波平衡有限元法。算法采用棱边元与节点元组合单元结构降低自由度,通过引入基于规范变换原则选取的标量位φ,保证矩阵方程的对称性。算法基于谐波平衡理论,实现了有限元方程系数矩阵的频域分解,使其适用于并行计算,并提出了直流分量定点磁阻率法及一种自适应的松弛因子选取方法,提升了算法非线性迭代的收敛速度。通过与传统时步有限元法及直流偏磁工况下的实验数据对比,验证了算法在三维涡流问题及考虑场路耦合的非线性问题上的有效性。在非线性工况下,分析了不同定点磁阻率选取方法对算法计算效率与收敛性能的影响。结果表明,在保证计算数值误差小于10-5时,相比其他定点磁阻率法,改进的定点磁阻率选取方法约降低31%的非线性迭代次数,29%的计算时间。

液压平衡回路在冶金特种车辆上的应用

基于某系列的SUN经典平衡阀典型结构及性能特点,给出该系列平衡阀开启的平衡条件及其回路的一般性能指标。在此基础上针对冶金特种车辆常见的平衡回路,从负载特性、保压能力及工作周期占比3个方面,重点分析了3种典型平衡回路的工况特点。进一步采用框图分析、对比计算、AMESim仿真等方法指出各自平衡回路在变量系统中应用时的可靠性、调速特性、节能特性等方面的指标差异与局限,为特定工况下平衡阀选择及其平衡回路的设计及优化提供有益参考。