Fluid inclusions,C-H-O-S-Pb isotope systematics,geochronology and geochemistry of the Budunhua Cu deposit,northeast China:Implications for ore genesis

The Budunhua Cu deposit is located in the Tuquan ore-concentrated area of the southern Great Xing’an Range,NE China.This deposit includes the southern Jinjiling and northern Kongqueshan ore blocks,separated by the Budunhua granitic pluton.Cu mineralization occurs mainly as stockworks or veins in the outer contact zone between tonalite porphyry and Permian metasandstone.The ore-forming process can be divided into four stages involving stage Ⅰ quartz-pyrite-arsenopyrite;stage Ⅱ quartz-pyrite-chalcopyrite-pyrrhotite;stage Ⅲ quartz--polynetallic sulfides;and stage IV quartz-calcite.Three types of fluid inclusions(FIs) can be distinguished in the Budunhua deposit:liquid-rich two-phase aqueous FIs(L-type),vapour-rich aqueous FIs(V-type),and daughter mineral-bearing multi-phase FIs(S-type).Quartz of stages Ⅰ-Ⅲ contains all types of FIs,whereas only L-type FIs are evident in stage Ⅳ veins.The coexisting V-and S-type FIs of stages Ⅰ-Ⅲ have similar homogenization temperatures but contrasting salinities,which indicates that fluid boiling occurred.The FIs of stages Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,and Ⅳyield homogenization temperatures of 265-396℃,245-350℃,200-300℃,and 90-228℃ with salinities of3.4-44.3 wt.%,2.9-40.2 wt.%,1.4-38.2 wt.%,and 0.9-9.2 wt.% NaCl eqv.,respectively.Ore-forming fluids of the Budunhua deposit are characterized by high temperatures,moderate salinities,and relatively oxidizing conditions typical of an H2 O-NaCl fluid system.Mineralization in the Budunhua deposit occurred at a depth of0.3-1.5 km,with fluid boiling and mixing likely being responsible for ore precipitation.C-H-O-S-Pb isotope studies indicate a predominantly magmatic origin for the ore-forming fluids and materials.LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb analyses indicate that ore-forming tonalite porphyry and post-ore dioritic porphyrite were formed at 151.1±1.1 Ma and 129.9±1.9 Ma,respectively.Geochemical data imply that the primary magma of the tonalite porphyry formed through partial melting of Neoproterozoic lower crust.On the basis of available evidence,we suggest that the Budunhua deposit is a porphyry ore system that is spatially,temporally,and genetically associated with tonalite porphyry and formed in a post-collision extensional setting following closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean.

大兴安岭中南段布敦化铜矿床H-O-S-Pb同位素特征及成矿指示

布敦化铜矿是大兴安岭中南段一个斑岩-热液脉型复合铜矿床,包括南部的金鸡岭斑岩型铜矿段和北部的孔雀山热液脉型铜矿段。本文在详细的矿床地质特征研究基础上,通过对矿体的氢、氧、硫和铅同位素系统研究,探讨了成矿流体和成矿物质来源以及成矿机制。氢、氧同位素组成表明,金鸡岭矿段与孔雀山矿段早期成矿流体主要以岩浆水为主,至成矿晚期有大气降水的参与。硫同位素分析结果表明金鸡岭矿段相对富集重硫,成矿热液的硫同位素组成为+2.54‰-+2.60‰。而孔雀山矿段相对富集轻硫,成矿热液的S同位素组成为-1.84‰--1.71‰,两矿段的硫同位素组成表明硫主要来源于地球深部,铅同位素组成则表明铅具壳幔混合的特点,其来源与岩浆活动密切相关。结合大兴安岭中南段区域地质演化历史认为,布敦化矿床两个矿段的成矿作用均是由流体混合而导致黄铜矿等金属硫化物的大量沉淀。

大兴安岭中南段布敦化铜矿床金鸡岭矿段流体包裹体研究

内蒙古布敦化铜矿床位于人兴安岭中南段，包括金鸡岭和孔雀山2个矿段，前者属于斑岩型，后者属于热液脉型，文章对金鸡岭矿段开展了详细的流体包裹体研究。金鸡岭矿段成矿过程可分为早、中、晚3个阶段，即毒为主成矿阶段。流体包裹体研究表明，早阶段主要发育富气相包裹体、气液两相包裹体和含子矿物多相包裹体，中阶段以气液两相包裹体为主，并发育少量含子矿物多相包裹体，晚阶段仅发育气液两相包裹体。早、中、晚阶段流体包裹体的均—温度和w（NaClcq）变化范围分别为320～550℃、240～550℃、140～300℃和12．2%～43．2％、6．3‰～17．2％、0．5％～9．7％。激光拉曼探针分析显示，早、中阶段包裹体气相成分为CH4和H20，而晚阶段的包裹体气相成分只含H2O。早阶段多种类型包裹体共生，且均一温度相近，指示早阶段流体发牛过沸腾作用。笔者认为早阶段成矿作用主要与高温、高盐度、含CH4流体的沸腾作用有关，中阶段的成矿作用则土要是流体混合向导致黄铜矿等金属硫化物的析出，晚阶段基本不成矿，只形成少量的黄铁矿。