Finite Element Simulation of Radial Tire Building and Shaping Processes Using an Elasto-Viscoplastic Model

The comprehensive tire building and shaping processes are investigated through the finite element method(FEM)in this article.The mechanical properties of the uncured rubber from different tire components are investigated through cyclic loading-unloading experiments under different strain rates.Based on the experiments,an elastoviscoplastic constitutive model is adopted to describe themechanical behaviors of the uncured rubber.The distinct mechanical properties,including the stress level,hysteresis and residual strain,of the uncured rubber can all be well characterized.The whole tire building process(including component winding,rubber bladder inflation,component stitching and carcass band folding-back)and the shaping process are simulated using this constitutive model.The simulated green tire profile is in good agreement with the actual profile obtained through 3D scanning.The deformation and stress of the rubber components and the cord reinforcements during production can be obtained fromthe FE simulation,which is helpful for judging the rationality of the tire construction design.Finally,the influence of the parameter“drum width”is investigated,and the simulated result is found to be consistent with the experimental observations,which verifies the effectiveness of the simulation.The established simulation strategy provides some guiding significance for the improvement of tire design parameters and the elimination of tire production defects.

Building Facade Point Clouds Segmentation Based on Optimal Dual-Scale Feature Descriptors

To address the current issues of inaccurate segmentation and the limited applicability of segmentation methods for building facades in point clouds, we propose a facade segmentation algorithm based on optimal dual-scale feature descriptors. First, we select the optimal dual-scale descriptors from a range of feature descriptors. Next, we segment the facade according to the threshold value of the chosen optimal dual-scale descriptors. Finally, we use RANSAC (Random Sample Consensus) to fit the segmented surface and optimize the fitting result. Experimental results show that, compared to commonly used facade segmentation algorithms, the proposed method yields more accurate segmentation results, providing a robust data foundation for subsequent 3D model reconstruction of buildings.

Integrated Building Envelope Design Process Combining Parametric Modelling and Multi-Objective Optimization

As an important element in sustainable building design, the building envelope has been witnessing a constant shift in the design approach. Integrating multi-objective optimization (MOO) into the building envelope design process is very promising, but not easy to realize in an actual project due to several factors, including the complexity of optimization model construction, lack of a dynamic-visualization capacity in the simulation tools and consideration of how to match the optimization with the actual design process. To overcome these difficulties, this study constructed an integrated building envelope design process (IBEDP) based on parametric modelling, which was implemented using Grasshopper platform and interfaces to control the simulation software and optimization algorithm. A railway station was selected as a case study for applying the proposed IBEDP, which also utilized a grid-based variable design approach to achieve flexible optimum fenestrations. To facilitate the stepwise design process, a novel strategy was proposed with a two-step optimization, which optimized various categories of variables separately. Compared with a one-step optimization, though the proposed strategy performed poorly in the diversity of solutions, the quantitative assessment of the qualities of Pareto-optimum solution sets illustrates that it is superior. © 2016, Tianjin University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

IoT in Building Process:A Literature Review

The pervasive diffusion of digital technologies opened up to new concepts in managing and monitoring the processes occurring in our society.Information and Communication Technologies(ICTs)become enabling tools to rethink our way of living,consuming and producing goods and services.Among these,the Internet of Things(IoT)represents the disruptive technology that may redefine the stages of the building process to meet renewed environmental challenges.This new technological paradigm imports in the Architecture,Engineering and Construction(AEC)sector new and not-tectonic instances.In this context,the paper maps the experiences related to the use of IoT for managing the building process.Through a systematic literature review,the article highlights the potential benefits generable by a widespread integration of IoT in the AEC sector.In particular,the article has three purposes:defining the IoT infrastructure for its proper application in the AEC sector;identifying IoT main application domains;investigating the integration modalities.

Building Sustainable Score (BSS)—A Hybrid Process Approach for Sustainable Building Assessment in China

Sustainable building in China has gained attention both domestically and abroad. Despite the fast increase in sustainable assessment tools developed locally or adopted from overseas, there are still criticisms about the current situation of weak implementation and lack of comprehensive consideration. The lack of consideration of economic and social aspects or building performance on whole building life cycle all lead to departure from the true meaning of sustainable development. And lack of participation on the part of stakeholders makes it too theoretical to be carried out. This research aims to develop a model to address this problem. This research started with review of current sustainable assessment tools applied in China. As the assessment indicators have clear regional disparities, and almost no current tool considers all three pillars of environmental, economic and social in building life cycle. An industry survey was therefore designed for generation of indicators at different building stages, and personal interviews relevant to different occupation in building industry were conducted to complement the questionnaire survey. After that, the model Building Sustainable Score (BSS) was developed based on the stakeholders’ participation. Finally, the model is verified by a case study.

Energy retrofit and conservation of a historic building using multi-objective optimization and an analytic hierarchy process

When deciding on the best historic building retrofit,energy savings and thermal comfort can be quantitatively evaluated using an energy model,whereas conservation compatibility is intrinsically qualitative and reflects the perspective of the local heritage authority. We present a methodology that permits finding and comparing optimal retrofits for historic buildings in a multi-perspective and quantitative way. We use an analytic hierarchyprocess to quantify conservation compatibility by distilling a conservation score from the opinions of 10 experts in the field. This score,along with energy needs for heating and cooling and thermal comfort,are the three targets of a multi-objective optimization aimed at identifying optimal retrofits for a medieval building in the north of Italy,destined to become a museum. Retrofit measures considered were different kinds of external and internal envelope insulation,improvement of airtightness,replacement of windows,and ventilative cooling. The result is a portfolio of optimal retrofits that cover the whole range of conservation compatibility. We showthat in the analyzed case heritage preservation is compatible with a four-fold reduction in energy needs at a high thermal comfort level. Even higher energy savings are only achievable at the cost of heritage degradation.

Effect of varying spatial orientations on build time requirements for FDM process: A case study

In this research, effect of varying spatial orientations on the build time requirements for fused deposition modelling process is studied. Constructive solid geometry cylindrical primitive is taken as work piece and modeling is accomplished for it. Response surface methodology is used to design the experiments and obtain statistical models for build time requirements corresponding to different orientations of the given primitive in modeller build volume. Contour width, air gap, slice height, raster width, raster angle and angle of orientation are treated as process parameters. Percentage contribution of individual process parameter is found to change for build time corresponding to different spatial orientations. Also, the average of build time requirement changes with spatial orientation. This paper attempts to clearly discuss and describe the observations with an aim to develop a clear understanding of effect of spatial variations on the build time for Fused Deposition Modelling process. This work is an integral part of process layout optimization and these results can effectively aid designers specially while tackling nesting issues.

动态过程视角下党建引领基层治理共同体的整体性建构

党建引领社会治理的已有研究侧重于结构和功能方面,但动态过程研究还不充分。嵌入性单案例的历时分析表明,党建引领在基层社会治理中总体上发挥统合作用,而且在不同发展阶段核心作用机制和关键行动策略有所不同。在资源整合阶段,目标模糊的行动主体联系松散,党组织发挥召集力,依靠权威机制实现多元主体的动员和聚合;在共同行动阶段,党组织依靠执行力制定正式规则、实施合作项目,逐步形成中心—辐射网络;在价值共创阶段,基层治理出现多中心格局,发展成为复杂多边网络,党组织采用授权的方式发挥统合力,推动共商和赋能。每一阶段显现的积极中间成果推动共同体建设进入良性循环。动态过程视角将时间维度带回到基层治理共同体的研究中,展现了中国式合作治理的具体过程,同时对实践中的阶段对照和行动选择提供了参照。

徐州市食品加工业在乡村振兴过程中发挥作用的途径分析

江苏省徐州市食品加工行业发展基础较好,要想在乡村振兴过程中充分发挥其优势,需要做到鼓励精深加工,开发特色产品;推进企业集群化发展,发挥集群效应;推动营商环节网络化;加强品牌建设;鼓励食品加工企业与科研单位加强合作;打造从种植养殖、加工到销售的食品全产业链体系等。

医院建筑的医疗工艺设计与相关问题探讨

医疗工艺设计是确保医院建筑布局合理、设施配置优化的关键环节,能够优化患者就医体验,为医务人员创造更加舒适、安全的工作环境。医疗工艺设计涵盖医院功能定位、建设目标等多个方面,需要结合医疗特殊需求进行精心设计。目前我国医疗工艺设计领域仍存在一些挑战,如专业指导不足、前期调研不充分等问题,需要正确认识医疗工艺设计的重要性,加强设计师与医院使用者的沟通协作,制定出更加合理、贴近实际的设计方案。

Building a Productive Domain-Specific Cloud for Big Data Processing and Analytics Service

Cloud Computing as a disruptive technology, provides a dynamic, elastic and promising computing climate to tackle the challenges of big data processing and analytics. Hadoop and MapReduce are the widely used open source frameworks in Cloud Computing for storing and processing big data in the scalable fashion. Spark is the latest parallel computing engine working together with Hadoop that exceeds MapReduce performance via its in-memory computing and high level programming features. In this paper, we present our design and implementation of a productive, domain-specific big data analytics cloud platform on top of Hadoop and Spark. To increase user’s productivity, we created a variety of data processing templates to simplify the programming efforts. We have conducted experiments for its productivity and performance with a few basic but representative data processing algorithms in the petroleum industry. Geophysicists can use the platform to productively design and implement scalable seismic data processing algorithms without handling the details of data management and the complexity of parallelism. The Cloud platform generates a complete data processing application based on user’s kernel program and simple configurations, allocates resources and executes it in parallel on top of Spark and Hadoop.

“行为-认知”二元视角下协同创作知识建构特征研究——基于过程挖掘和认知网络的方法

协同创作作为协作学习的重要形式,对培养学习者高阶思维和深层次认知能力具有重要意义。协同创作产生的大量伴随式数据能映射学习者知识建构过程,进而发掘出学习者阶段性知识建构特征。基于此,从“行为-认知”二元视角,运用过程挖掘和认知网络分析方法,对协同创作过程中不同阶段、不同水平学习者的研讨话语数据进行深入挖掘,分析学习者内隐的行为与认知,揭示其知识建构特征与规律。结果表明:(1)从行为视角看,社交和共享型行为是知识建构的核心活动;高分组知识建构发展遵循“共享-冲突-协商-共识”规律,低分组在对话中的探索、协商行为难以推进知识建构交互层次;当出现认知冲突时,高分组易同化同伴观点,而低分组易顺应同伴观点。(2)从认知视角看,随着知识建构的深入,高阶思维和深层理解逐渐凸显,认知结构随时间多元化发展,但“分析-关联结构”始终保持为基础路径,且活动中期是高、低分组学习者认知发展分水岭。分析学习者的知识建构特征有助于教育工作者更好地诊断学习者协作过程中存在的潜在问题,从而调整教学策略以促进其知识构建过程。

走向统纳式:社会组织高质量党建新思路——基于“结构-功能-过程”分析框架

任务导向的社会组织党建实践缺乏针对高质量的图景识别,一定程度导致对有形而非有效的关注。破解社会组织党建的理论与实践双重困局亟待回应“何为高质量党建的应然样态”。为此,跳出传统宏中观的分析定式,在“嵌入”与“统合”模式的基础上提出“统纳式”社会组织高质量党建新模式。同时,纳入“过程”维度以调和结构功能主义的静态逻辑,构建起“结构-功能-过程”的理论框架,继而从系统结构关系、功能维度呈现、动态周期过程三维度微观呈现了统纳式党建的应然图景。“统纳式”党建应体现结构上的系统性、关系上的柔性化、流程上的动态性,具体可通过“结构”维度的组织群域关系、“功能”维度的多维要素呈现以及“过程”维度的不同生命周期得以阐释。

高校智慧党建数据治理体系构建与实践路径研究

从智慧党建数据治理工作面临缺少顶层的统筹规划、数据标准不统一、数据集成度不高、数据分析能力不足等问题出发,初步构建智慧党建数据治理体系架构,并提出一套切实可行的智慧党建数据治理的实施路径解决方案。在此基础上,按照“数据汇聚-业务打散-流程重构”建设思路优化实践路径,为智慧党建数据治理、促进高校数字化转型提供参考价值。经过实践案例验证,该研究对于高校如何进行党建数据治理以及如何开展各类党建应用建设提供了范例。

超高层建筑钢结构施工的关键技术和措施

随着城市化的不断推进,超高层建筑的兴建成为城市发展的一种趋势。在超高层建筑中,钢结构因其轻质、高强度等特点,成为超高层建筑的首选方案。文中通过对钢结构特征的分析,深入剖析了超高层建筑中的钢结构施工流程及影响因素。在此基础上,详细讨论了柱基础检查、钢柱吊装和钢柱连接等关键技术与应用措施,包括了施工过程中的质量监控、安全管理和技术检测等方面,旨在为超高层建筑钢结构施工提供可行的解决方案。

高校党建品牌创建的全流程模型探索——基于品牌理论

创建党建品牌是高校党组织提升组织力的重要方式,也是促进党建工作和业务工作融合的重要抓手。在品牌理论视角下,党建品牌的创建是系统而长期的过程,需要分阶段逐步推进。高校党建品牌创建全流程模型从品牌战略、品牌组合、品牌资产、品牌管理和品牌关系五大阶段入手,层层递进。首先,挖掘专业特色,结合育人目标形成宏观品牌;其次,通过横向和纵向联动,完善品牌体系;再次,通过线上线下协同宣传,增强品牌效应;从次,通过发挥支部战斗堡垒和党员先锋作用,扩大品牌影响;最后,通过加强考核,提高品牌质量。通过阶段性的精准施策,最终形成兼具影响力和美誉度的品牌体系。

基于BIM技术的全过程绿色建筑设计应用研究

旨在探索建筑信息模型技术在绿色建筑设计中的应用,推进建设绿色施工。通过对BIM在整个流程中的运用进行了剖析,并对其在各个阶段的实施进行了探讨。在建筑设计中,引入BIM可以提高设计效率,优化施工方案,实现设计全过程的集成,是实现建筑设计的重要手段。研究表明:BIM在全程绿色施工设计中的应用,对工程项目的整体品质有明显的提升。在此基础上,实现团队协作与信息共享,对能耗、物料选择及系统效能进行仿真优化,以达到更高的节能与环境保护目标。

超高层建筑施工过程竖向变形差控制技术研究

随着超高层建筑的不断发展,超高层建筑尤其是混凝土核心筒-外框钢结构超高层在施工过程中的竖向变形产生的相关问题引起各方关注。超高层建筑施工过程中的竖向变形差控制是难点之一,若处理不当,会影响施工安装、引起结构附加内力等问题。首先对超高层建筑竖向变形差的概念进行阐述,并进行了超高层建筑施工过程中竖向变形的理论推导。之后,对超高层结构施工过程竖向变形有限元分析方法进行介绍。在此基础上,对控制超高层建筑竖向变形差的措施进行分类,并对典型工程施工过程竖向变形控制进行分析,提出经济合理的控制方法。

基于红外热成像的围护结构热工性能定量检测方法研究进展

综述红外热成像技术在建筑围护结构热工性能定量检测领域的研究成果,介绍国内外定量红外热成像法的理论基础、发展历程以及在量化热工缺陷能量损失中的应用,从构建稳态热流环境、对流辐射换热计算、测试操作选择3个方面总结现场检测的影响因素,归纳图像处理技术在排除光学干扰、辨识热工缺陷、热工信息可视化等方面对红外检测领域的贡献,分析未来红外热成像的应用前景与发展方向。研究表明,红外热成像技术可成为围护结构热工性能定量检测与热工缺陷量化识别的优秀方法。

基于改良U-Net卷积神经网络的复杂地质构造智能识别

浅地层中的地质异常体给地下工程带来了极大安全隐患,可能导致经济和生命损失.浅层地震法是开展施工场地勘察的一种无损高效的手段.但是地震勘探在浅地层问题中面临着信噪比低、信号衰减强、波场复杂等问题,结果存在多解性和主观性.针对地震勘探问题,提出了一种改良的卷积神经网络地质速度模型预测模型,提供了一种无需初始速度模型的浅层地质模型反演方案,形成了一套完整的浅层地震勘探信号处理处理流程.在训练样本方面,采用了随机地质模型方法构建多种类地质模型,并形成了地质模型-地震信号数据库.在传统U-Net卷积神经网络上进行了改良,以更好地适应浅地层弹性波叠前信号数据的反演任务.结果表明,神经网络的反演结果直观准确该模型能够精确地预测出地层分界线、褶皱、起伏、断层滑移线等的位置和大小等参数,所采用的SSIM和PSNR两个定量化评价指标均表示,所提出的改良神经网络可以实现高精度反演.预测结果与真实模型相比较,得到的SSIM平均值为0.91,PSNR平均值为39.0.同时该神经网络模型能够向三维问题扩展,能够极大地提高地震信号处理的效率和解译精度.