基于Self-Attention-BiLSTM网络的西瓜种苗叶片氮磷钾含量高光谱检测方法

元素含量无损检测技术可以为植物生长发育的环境精准调控提供关键实时数据。以西瓜苗为例,提出了一种基于图谱特征融合的氮磷钾含量深度学习检测方法。首先,使用高光谱仪拍摄西瓜苗叶片的高光谱图像,使用连续流动化学分析仪测定叶片的3种元素含量。然后,采用基线偏移校正(BOC)叠加高斯平滑滤波(GF)的光谱预处理方法和随机森林算法(RF)建立预测模型,基于竞争性自适应重加权采样(CARS)和连续投影算法(SPA)2种算法初步筛选出特征波长,再综合考虑波长数和建模精度设计了一种最优波长评价方法,将波长数进一步减少到3~4个。最后,提取使用U-Net网络分割的彩色图像颜色和纹理特征,和光谱反射率特征一起作为输入,基于自注意力机制-双向长短时记忆(Self-Attention-BiLSTM)网络构建了3种元素含量的预测模型。实验结果表明,氮磷钾含量预测的R2分别为0.961、0.954、0.958,RMSE分别为0.294%、0.262%、0.196%,实现了很好的建模效果。使用该模型对另2个品种西瓜进行测试,R2超过0.899、RMSE小于0.498%,表明该模型具有很好的泛化性。该高光谱建模方法使用少量波长光谱即实现了高精度检测,在精度和效率上达成了很好的平衡,为后续便携式高光谱检测装备开发奠定了理论基础。

Modeling and Simulation for Complex Repairable System with Built-in Test Equipment

In order to research the effects of built-in test(BIT) on the system and select BITand test strategy,the complex repairable systems with BITequipment are modeled and simulated by using Simulink.Based on the model,the influences of different built-in test equipments,maintenance time and error probabilities on the system usability are evaluated.The simulation results showthat they effect on the system differently.The simulation method of complex system based on Simulink provides a technique approach to research the effects of BITon the system and select BITand test strategy.

BOARD-LEVEL BUILT-IN SELF-REPAIR METHOD OF RAM

This paper describes the method of built-in self-repairing of RAM on board, designs hardware circuit, and logic for the RAM's faults self-repairing system based on FPGA. The key technology is that it utilizes FPGA to test RAM according to some algorithm to find out failure memory units and replace the faulty units with FPGA. Then it can build a memory that has no fault concern to external controller, and realizes the logic binding between external controller and RAM. Micro Controller Unit (MCU) can operate external RAM correctly even if RAM has some fault address units. Conventional MCS-51 is used to simulate the operation of MCU operating external memory. Simulation shows FPGA can complete the faulty address units' mapping and MCU can normally read and write external RAM. This design realizes the RAM's built-in self-repairing on board.

Uptake of HIV Self-testing among Men Who have Sex with Men in Beijing, China： a Cross-sectional Study

Objective To examine HIV self-testing uptake and its determinates among men who have sex with men （MSM） in Beijing, China. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Beijing, China in 2016. Participants were users of a popular Chinese gay networking application and had an unknown or negative HIV status. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine factors associated with HIV self-testing based on adjusted odds ratio （AOR） and 95% confidence interval （CI）. Results Among the 5,996 MSM included in the study, 2,383 （39.7%） reported to have used HIV self-testing kits. Willingness to use an HIV self-test kit in the future was expressed by 92% of the participants. High monthly income （AOR = 1.49; CI = 1.10-2.02; P = 0.010）, large number of male sex partners （≥2： AOR = 1.24; CI = 2.09-1.43; P = 0.002）, sexual activity with commercial male sex partners （〉 2： AOR = 1.94; CI = 1.34 -2.82; P = 0.001）, long-term drug use （AOR = 1.42; CI = 1.23-1.62; P 〈 0.001）, and long-term HIV voluntary counseling and testing （VCT） attendance （AOR = 3.62; CI = 3.11-4.22; P 〈 0.001） were all associated with increased odds of HIV self-testing uptake. Conclusion The nearly 40% rate of HIV self-testing uptake among MSM in our sample was high. In addition, an over 90% willingness to use kits in the future was encouraging. HIV self-testing could be an important solution to help China achieve the global target of having 90% of all people living with HIV diagnosed by 2020.

Integration of Tracer Test Data to Refine Geostatistical Hydraulic Conductivity Fields Using Sequential Self-Calibration Method

On the basis of local measurements of hydraulic conductivity, geostatistical methods have been found to be useful in heterogeneity characterization of a hydraulic conductivity field on a regional scale. However, the methods are not suited to directly integrate dynamic production data, such as, hydraulic head and solute concentration, into the study of conductivity distribution. These data, which record the flow and transport processes in the medium, are closely related to the spatial distribution of hydraulic conductivity. In this study, a three-dimensional gradient-based inverse method--the sequential self-calibration （SSC） method--is developed to calibrate a hydraulic conductivity field, initially generated by a geostatistical simulation method, conditioned on tracer test results. The SSC method can honor both local hydraulic conductivity measurements and tracer test data. The mismatch between the simulated hydraulic conductivity field and the reference true one, measured by its mean square error （MSE）, is reduced through the SSC conditional study. In comparison with the unconditional results, the SSC conditional study creates the mean breakthrough curve much closer to the reference true curve, and significantly reduces the prediction uncertainty of the solute transport in the observed locations. Further, the reduction of uncertainty is spatially dependent, which indicates that good locations, geological structure, and boundary conditions will affect the efficiency of the SSC study results.

Shake-table testing of a self-centering precast reinforced concrete frame with shear walls

The seismic performance of a self-centering precast reinforced concrete （RC） frame with shear walls was investigated in this paper. The lateral force resistance was provided by self-centering precast RC shear walls （SPCW）, which utilize a combination ofunbonded prestressed post-tensioned （PT） tendons and mild steel reinforcing bars for flexural resistance across base joints. The structures concentrated deformations at the bottom joints and the unbonded PT tendons provided the self-centering restoring force. A 1/3-scale model of a five-story self-centering RC frame with shear walls was designed and tested on a shake-table under a series of bi-directional earthquake excitations with increasing intensity. The acceleration response, roof displacement, inter-story drifts, residual drifts, shear force ratios, hysteresis curves, and local behaviour of the test specimen were analysed and evaluated. The results demonstrated that seismic performance of the test specimen was satisfactory in the plane of the shear wall; however, the structure sustained inter-story drift levels up to 2.45%. Negligible residual drifts were recorded after all applied earthquake excitations. Based on the shake-table test results, it is feasible to apply and popularize a self-centering precast RC frame with shear walls as a structural system in seismic regions.

A note on self-normalized Dickey-Fuller test for unit root in autoregressive time series with GARCH errors

In this article, the unit root test for AR（p） model with GARCH errors is considered. The Dickey-Fuller test statistics are rewritten in the form of self-normalized sums, and the asymptotic distribution of the test statistics is derived under the weak conditions.

Support-Vector-Machine-Based False Alarm Filter of Mechatronic Built-in Test

Diagnosing intermittent fault is an important approach to reduce built-in test（BIT） false alarms. Aiming at solving the shortcoming of the present diagnostic method of intermittent fault, and according to the merit of support vector machines （ SVM） which can be trained with a small-sample, an SVM-based diagnostic model of 3 states that include OK state, intermittent state and faulty state is presented. With the features based on the reflection coefficients of an alarm rate （ AR ） model extracted from small vibration samples, these models are trained to diagnose intermittent faults. The experimental results show that this method can diagnose multiple intermittent faults accurately with small training samples and BIT false alarms are reduced.

Robustness self-testing of states and measurements in the prepare-and-measure scenario with 3 → 1 random access code

Recently, Tavakoli et al.proposed a self-testing scheme in the prepare-and-measure scenario, showing that self-testing is not necessarily based on entanglement and violation of a Bell inequality [Phys.Rev.A 98 062307(2018)].They realized the self-testing of preparations and measurements in an N → 1(N ≥ 2) random access code(RAC), and provided robustness bounds in a 2 → 1 RAC.Since all N → 1 RACs with shared randomness are combinations of 2 → 1 and 3 → 1 RACs, the3 → 1 RAC is just as important as the 2 → 1 RAC.In this paper, we find a set of preparations and measurements in the3 → 1 RAC, and use them to complete the robustness self-testing analysis in the prepare-and-measure scenario.The method is robust to small but inevitable experimental errors.

Assessing the Acceptability and Willingness to Use HIV Self-Testing among Student Nurses in a Private Nursing College, Gauteng Province, South Africa

Globally, there is increasing evidence that HIV self-testing (HIVST) is commonly practiced among health care workers (HCWs). Although HIVST kits are available in South Africa, their distribution and use remain unregulated and its acceptability, undocumented. The aim of the study was to explore the acceptability of HIV self-testing among student nurses, examine their willingness to use self-testing, and evaluate their views on the implementation of a regulated HIV self-testing programme. This was a qualitative explorative study, and six focus group discussions were conducted with 67 student nurses recruited from a private nursing college, in Pretoria, South Africa. Thematic analysis and NVivo10 qualitative software were used for data analysis. The nurses perceived HIVST as an acceptable option for HIV testing and most were willing to self-test. Self-testing will provide confidential and accessible HIV testing services, reduce the stigma associated with the condition, and increase partner testing and disclosure. HIVST is more likely to be practised if self-testing kits are easily accessible and affordable, and there are strategies to educate people before the adoption of HIVST. The lack of pre- and post-test counselling, the risk of inaccurate test results, and lack of strategies for the confirmation of self-testing results were the main arguments against HIVST. The high acceptance of HIVST among nurses suggests that HIVST is a feasible option to increase the uptake of HIV-testing among HCWs. However, pre- and post-test counselling should be considered important components in the implementation of self-testing services. Educational and awareness campaigns should precede the roll-out of the self-testing programs.

HIV Self-Testing Kits Uptake in Mashonaland West Province, Zimbabwe, 2019-2020: A Secondary Data Analysis

Background: Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus Self-Testing (HIVST) is a process where an individual who wants to know their HIV status collects a specimen, performs a test and interprets the result by themselves. HIVST data from the Zimbabwe AIDS and TB Program (ATP) directorate showed that between 2019-2020, only 31% of the target HIVST kits were distributed in the country. Mashonaland West Province was one of the least performing provinces in meeting targets for HIVST kits distribution. Gaps in the implementation of the HIVST in the province ultimately affect the nationwide scaleup of targeted testing, a key enabler in achieving HIV epidemic control. We analyzed HIVST trends in Mashonaland West Province to inform HIV testing services programming. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using HIVST secondary data obtained from the District Health Information Software 2 (DHIS2) electronic database. We conducted regression analysis for trends using Epi Info 7.2 and tables, bar graphs, pie charts and linear graphs were used for data presentation. Results: A total of 31,070 clients accessed HIVST kits in Mashonaland West Province from 2019-2020. A slightly higher proportion (50.4% and 51.7%) of females as compared to males accessed HIVST kits in 2019 and 2020 respectively. Overall, an increase in the trend of HIVST kits uptake was recorded (males R2 = 0.3945, p-value = 0.003 and females R2 = 0.4739, p-value = 0.001). There was generally a decline in the trend of community-based distribution of HIVST kits from the third quarter of 2019 throughout 2020 (R2 = 0.2441, p-value = 0.006). Primary distribution of HIVST kits remained the dominant method of distribution, constituting more than half of the kits distributed in both 2019 (67%) and 2020 (86%). Conclusion: Mashonaland West Province was mainly utilising facility-based distribution model for HIVST over the community-based distribution model. We recommended training more community-based distribution agents to increase community distribution of HIVST kits.

The Theoretically Studies and Field Testing of Self-Insulation Exterior Wall in the Hot Summer and Cold Winter Zone

The energy efficiency design of the exterior wall in the buildings of the hot summer and cold winter zone of China should consider the heat prevention in summer and the heat insulation in winter. The self-insulation of the exterior?wall is a more feasible design to satisfy the energy efficiency of buildings in the?zone. However, the systematic research is urgently needed for the self-insulation of the exterior wall in the hot summer and cold winter zone of China. The paper tested the thermal performance of the common non-clay materials such as shale sintered hollow brick, sand autoclaved aerated concrete block, etc. by means of indoor experiments. The energy efficiency effect of the common materials was verified using dynamic calculation soft PKPM and several constitutions of exterior wall with different main bricks and insulation materials on the heat bridge were simulated, too. Besides, the tests of the thermal performance of exterior wall in real constructions were carried out to testify the practical effect of the recommended constitutions of exterior wall with different main bricks and insulation materials on the heat bridge. The conclusions are: the physical and thermal properties of the six non-clay wall material are better than the clay porous brick;the thermal performance of the non-clay brick can be improved obviously through the rational arrangement of the holes;shale sintered hollow brick after increasing the holes and rationalizing the hole arrangement and sand autoclaved aerated concrete block are recommended for buildings in the hot summer and cold winter area of China. The dynamic calculation results show that the thermal performances?of the non-clay materials are all satisfied with the energy efficiency;The heat transfer coefficient of the exterior wall with composition?③,?in which?the main wall was sand autoclaved aerated concrete block and the material on the heat bridge was sand autoclaved aerated concrete plate, is the smallest among the three recommended compositions.

AVAILABILITY MODEL FOR SELF TEST AND REPAIR IN FAULT TOLERANT FPGA-BASED SYSTEMS

Dynamically reconfigurable Field Programmable Gate Array(dr-FPGA) based electronic systems on board mission-critical systems are highly susceptible to radiation induced hazards that may lead to faults in the logic or in the configuration memory. The aim of our research is to characterize self-test and repair processes in Fault Tolerant(FT) dr-FPGA systems in the presence of environmental faults and explore their interrelationships. We develop a Continuous Time Markov Chain(CTMC) model that captures the high level fail-repair processes on a dr-FPGA with periodic online Built-In Self-Test(BIST) and scrubbing to detect and repair faults with minimum latency. Simulation results reveal that given an average fault interval of 36 s, an optimum self-test interval of 48.3 s drives the system to spend 13% of its time in self-tests, remain in safe working states for 76% of its time and face risky fault-prone states for only 7% of its time. Further, we demonstrate that a well-tuned repair strategy boosts overall system availability, minimizes the occurrence of unsafe states, and accommodates a larger range of fault rates within which the system availability remains stable within 10% of its maximum level.

温度对高聚物浆液在裂隙中扩散特性影响研究

具有自膨胀特性的高聚物注浆材料已广泛应用于岩体加固工程,但关于其注浆机理尚缺乏深入认识。近期试验研究表明,温度对自膨胀高聚物浆液的流动扩散过程具有显著影响,原因在于温度变化会改变高聚物浆液化学反应进程,进而影响其扩散行为。为深入揭示温度对高聚物浆液在裂隙中扩散行为的影响机制,以一种工程中应用的自膨胀聚氨酯高聚物浆液为对象,基于浆液聚合反应机理和计算流体动力学理论,用准三维有限体积法离散浆液流动控制方程,用三维有限体积法离散裂隙壁热传导方程,建立模拟分析高聚物浆液在裂隙中膨胀扩散过程的热-流耦合仿真模型,实现对浆液化学反应进程、流场和“浆液-裂隙”体系温度场的耦合求解。开展不同注浆量、预热温度条件下无水平板裂隙高聚物注浆模型试验,通过浆液扩散范围、密度、温度等实测数据与计算结果的对比,验证所建立数值模型的适用性。在此基础上,分析预热温度、环境温度对浆液在平板裂隙中扩散行为的影响,结果表明,相同环境温度条件下,随着浆液预热温度升高,浆液扩散速率及升温速度加快,峰值温度增大,达到峰值点时刻越早;相同预热温度条件下,环境温度越高,浆液扩散速率越快,扩散半径越大;当浆液预热温度或环境温度升高至一定值时,浆液最终扩散范围不再发生明显改变;随着环境温度降低,所需的浆液最低预热温度逐渐增大。该文工作对高聚物裂隙注浆浆液预热温度设定具有一定指导作用。

中性盐雾环境对异种材质自冲铆接接头静力学性能的影响

为了探究异种材质自冲铆接接头在中性盐雾腐蚀环境中的暴露时间对其静力学性能的影响,制备了DA-SPR接头和BA-SPR接头,并采用5%的NaCl中性盐雾腐蚀液分别进行了不同试验周期(0、168、336、504和840 h)的腐蚀试验。通过静拉伸试验、失重法等手段研究了中性盐雾腐蚀试验对接头静力学性能的影响规律,并利用场发射扫描电子显微镜对拉伸失效接头进行观察。试验结果表明:DA-SPR接头的最大拉伸静载荷值随着盐雾时间的增加持续减小,而BA-SPR接头最大拉伸静载荷值则随着盐雾时间的增加出现先增大后减小的变化趋势。在整个盐雾试验周期内,所有DA-SPR接头的能量吸收值都大于同腐蚀试验周期的BA-SPR接头。中性盐雾试验并没有改变DA-SPR接头的拉伸失效形式,而BA-SPR接头的拉伸失效形式虽都为上下板分离失效,但随着BA-SPR接头在中性盐雾试验环境中暴露时间的增加,铆钉由留在上板侧逐渐变化为铆钉从上板脱离,并出现铆钉头部的边缘处与钉身撕裂的情况。暴露在中性盐雾环境中的试样单位面积的腐蚀失重符合幂指数函数的变化规律,且有BA-SPR接头表层的腐蚀物锈层将加速其腐蚀,BA-SPR接头的腐蚀速率始终大于相同盐雾试验周期的DA-SPR接头。

一种将测试集嵌入到Test-per-Clock位流中的方法

集成电路测试方案的关键在于测试向量产生器的设计.传统的测试方法在测试向量生成、测试应用的过程中,没有充分利用测试数据位流来构建测试向量,从而造成了测试时间和存储开销的增加.为了减少测试成本,提出了一种基于test-per-clock模式的内建自测试方法.通过对线性移位测试结构的分析,提出了一种递进式的反复测试生成方法:顺序求解输入位流,逆向精简,多次求解以获得更优值,最终将测试集以较小的代价嵌入到test-per-clock位流中.在测试应用时,只需存储求解后的最小输入流,通过控制线性移位的首位从而生成所需的测试集.实验结果表明,在达到故障覆盖率要求的前提下,能显著地减少测试应用时间和存储面积开销.

六层自复位钢筋混凝土框架结构振动台试验研究

为研究多层自复位框架结构整体抗震性能,进行一个1/4缩尺比六层自复位框架结构模型的模拟地震振动台试验,研究该结构的动力特性及其在7度多遇至7度极罕遇4个水准地震作用下的动力反应和破坏情况。试验结果表明:在多遇以及设计基本地震作用下,结构构件无可见裂缝和损伤;随着输入地震动峰值的增加,结构损伤增加,但损伤主要集中在梁、柱端的表面混凝土,构件自身几乎没有损伤,表明自复位混凝土框架结构的抗震性能良好;在7度罕遇地震作用下,主体结构最大层间位移角为1/62,自复位框架的节点开始张开;在7度极罕遇地震作用下,模型节点张开更加明显,角钢进入屈服阶段,而主体结构的最大残余位移角仅为1/2533,证明结构具有很强的自复位能力。

Test access to deeply embedded analog terminals within an A/MS SoC

This paper presents a standard scalable and reconfigurable design for testability (SR DfT) in order to increase ac- cessibility to deeply embedded A/MS cores and to limit application of costly off-chip mixed-signal testers. SR DfT is an oscilla- tion-based wrapper compatible with digital embedded core-based SoC test methodologies. The impact of the optimized oscilla- tion-based wrapper design on MS SoC testing is evaluated in two directions: area and test time. Experimental results are presented for several SoCs from the ITC’02 test benchmarks with inclusion of eight analog filters.

Adding Pseudo-Random Test Sequence Generator in the Test Simulator for DFT Approach

This paper presents modified version of a realistic test tool suitable to Design For Testability （DFT） and Built-ln Self Test （BIST） environments. A comprehensive tool is developed in the form of a test simulator. The simulator is capable of providing a required goal of test for the Circuit Under Test （CUT）. The simulator uses the approach of fault diagnostics with fault grading procedures to provide the optimum tests. The current version of the simulator embeds features of exhaustive and pseudo-random test generation schemes along with the search solutions of cost effective test goals. The simulator provides facilities of realizing all possible pseudo-random sequence generators with all possible combinations of seeds. The tool is developed on a common Personal Computer （PC） platform and hence no special software is required. Thereby, it is a low cost tool hence economical. The tool is very much suitable for determining realistic test sequences for a targeted goal of testing for any CUT. The developed tool incorporates flexible Graphical User Interface （GUI） procedures and can be operated without any special programming skill. The tool is debugged and tested with the results of many bench mark circuits. Further, this developed tool can be utilized for educational purposes for many courses such as fault-tolerant computing, fault diagnosis, digital electronics, and safe-reliable-testable digital logic designs.

一种高效的混合Test-Per-Clock测试方法

该文提出了一种基于内建自测试(BIST)的Test-Per-Clock混合模式向量产生方法。测试由两个部分组成:自由线性反馈移位寄存器(LFSR)伪随机测试模式和受控LFSR确定型测试模式。伪随机测试模式用于快速地检测伪随机易测故障,减少确定型数据存储。受控LFSR测试模式采用直接存储在ROM中的控制位流对剩余故障产生确定型测试。通过对提出的BIST混合模式测试结构理论分析,提出了伪随机向量的选取方法以及基于受控线性移位确定型测试生成方法。基准电路的仿真结果表明,该方法可以获得完全单固定型故障覆盖率,其测试产生器设计简单且具有良好的稳定性,与其他方法相比,具有较低的测试开销和较短的测试应用时间。