Analysis of the effect of Bupleurum on fever in Xiaochaihu Decoction based on network pharmacology

Objective:To explore the mechanism of Bupleurum on fever by means of network pharmacology,and to provide ideas for further experimental study.Methods:The effective components and targets of Xiaochaihu Decoction and Bupleurum were extracted by searching TCM systematic pharmacology database(TCMSP),and got to the effective components and targets of Xiaochaihu Decoction.By searching GeneCards database,disGeNET database,OMIM database and symmap database to extract the disease target of fever.And the"protein interaction network"was constructed with the protein interaction relationship in HINT database as the background network,and the GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were carried out on the targets by using R software and DAVID database.Results:726 kinds of effective components of Xiaochaihu Decoction were obtained from TCMSP database,including 215 kinds of effective components of Bupleurum,677 targets of Xiaochaihu Decoction and 516 targets of Bupleurum.A total of 7305 fever-related genes were obtained from the disease database,and 400 key targets of Bupleurum for fever treatment were obtained by mapping drug targets and disease targets GAPDH,AKT1,INS,IL-6 and VEGFA,are the targets with high node connectivity in PPI network.The results of GO enrichment of key targets by R software are cofactor binding and coenzyme binding.KEGG enrichment pathway of key targets involves infection,cancer,immune system diseases and so on.Conclusion:This study preliminarily verified the effect and mechanism of Bupleurum on fever,and provided reference for further study.

Saikosaponin q-1 from Bupleurum chinense

A new saikosaponin was isolated from Bupleurum chinense DC., and its structure was identified as 3β,16α,23,28,30_pentahydroxy_olean_11,13(18)_dien_3_O_β_D_glucopyranosyl(1→6)_[α_L_rhamnopyranosyl (1→4)]_β_D_glucopyranoside on the basis of chemical and spectral evidence, named as saikosaponin q_1. In addition, two known saikosaponins, 3″_O_acetyl_saikosaponin d and 3″_O_acetyl_saikosaponin b 2, were also isolated and identified from this plant for the first time.

Phylogenetic inference of the genus Bupleurum (Apiaceae) in Hengduan Mountains based on chromosome counts and nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS sequences

横断山区是中国柴胡属Bupleurum植物的分布中心。本文对横断山区6个种2变种进行了染色体记数报道,其中4个种2变种是首次报道。对横断山区的10个种4个变种、中国北方(河北和黑龙江)的3个种的nrDNA ITS进行测序,同时从GenBank里面下载同属的来自非洲和地中海西部的16个nrDNA ITS序列数据,结合染色体数目变化结果,初步探讨了横断山区柴胡属植物的系统发育。结果表明横断山区可能是现代柴胡属植物的频度中心和多样分布中心之一。它们的祖先种可能是非洲北部的木本柴胡属植物B.fruticosum,或者是地中海西部的柴胡属植物,推测是通过中东和高加索扩散而形成的,其中与非洲南部特有种B.mundtii的亲缘关系也较近;染色体基数演化趋势是:8是较原始基数,6和7是次生基数,其染色体异基数变异和多倍化可能是物种形成、进化以及向外扩散的主要方式;在ITS系统发育树中,中国柴胡属植物染色体基数为8的种类聚为一支,染色体基数为6和7的种类聚为了一支,不支持舒璞等(1998)关于中国柴胡属的属下分类系统。结合已有的形态学、细胞学、孢粉学证据和ITS系统发育树,建议窄竹叶柴胡B.marginatum var.stenophyllum独立成种。

Investigation and Exploitation of New Medicinal Resources of Genus Bupleurum (Umbelliferae) in Qinghai Province and Xizhang (Tibet) Autonomous Region in China

In China,some species of Bupleurum (family Umbelliferae) have been used as Chinese traditional medicine under the name “Chai-Hu” for the treatment of fevers and influenza.In the present paper,the authors report a study on the investigation and exploitation of new medicinal resources of “Chai-Hu” in Qinghai Province and Xizang (Tibet) Autonomous Region where no one has studied this hitherto.18 species,7 varieties,I form of Bupleurum and a new species (Bupleurum qinghaiense) have been discovered.The taxonomy and preliminary phytochemical studies of the roots of three medicinal plants,B.qinghaiense,B.rnarginatum var.stenophyllum and B.smithii var.parvifolium.are reported in this paper.

柴胡属(Bupleurum L)植物研究进展

参阅了国内外有关文献 ,概述了近年来柴胡属植物的研究进展概况 ,着重介绍了柴胡的生物学、化学成分。

北柴胡(Bupleurum chinese)花序分化进程研究

为了了解造成北柴胡(Bupleurumchinese)种子发芽率低、无胚率高等种子质量问题的原因,本文对北柴胡花序分化进程的各个时期以及不同位置花序分化进程的差异进行了研究。根据观察结果,将北柴胡花序分化进程划分为初生期、小伞原基分化期、小花原基分化期、雌雄蕊原基分化期、生殖结构分化始期和花粉粒完熟期6个时期。同时,发现各级次级花序均比上一级花序在分化进程上落后至少1个时期。不同位置花序分化进程的不同步性是导致北柴胡种子质量问题的一个重要原因。通过人工措施促进早分化的主茎及Ⅰ和Ⅱ级花序发育,抑制晚发育的Ⅲ和Ⅳ级花序发育,可望提高北柴胡的种子质量。

The Chemical Constituents from the Roots of Bupleurum chinense DC.

从北柴胡（ＢｕｐｌｅｕｒｕｍｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｅＤＣ．）根的乙醇提取液中分离得到五个化合物，经理化性质及波谱解析分别鉴定为水仙甙（１）、腺苷（２），尿苷（３）、ａ菠甾醇葡萄糖甙（４）及木糖醇（５）。均为首次从北柴胡中分离得到。

蒙古柴胡属Bupleurum L.(伞形科)植物的分类和分布(英文)

根据作者近年来在蒙古的野外采集,以及在俄罗斯圣彼德堡科码洛夫植物研究所标本馆LE和北京中国科学院植物研究所标本馆PE等的研究,确认蒙古产7种柴胡属(Bupleurum L.)植物。作出了它们的检索表。按照蒙古植物区系区划,分析和描述了这7种植物的分布。

A Lignan Glucoside from Bupleurum scorzonerifolium

A new lignanoside, saikolignanoside A, was isolated from the roots of Bupleurum scorzonerifolium. Its structure was determined as 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-[ (8 S ) -3-methoxy-4- hydroxyphenylpropyl alcohol]-E-cinnamic alcohol-4-O-b-D-glucopyranoside by means of NMR and MS analysis, acid hydrolysis and optical data.

Effects of Bupleurum extract on blood metabolism, antioxidant status and immune function in heat-stressed dairy cows

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of Bupleurum extract （BE） on blood metabolites, antioxidant status, and immune function in dairy cows under heat stress. Forty lactating Holstein cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments. The treatments consisted of 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 g of BE kg-1 dry matter. Supplementation with BE decreased （P〈0.05） blood urea nitrogen （BUN） contents and increased blood total protein （TP） and albumin （ALB） levels compared with control cows, but it had no effects （P〉0.05） on blood glucose （GLU）, nonesterified fatty acid （NEFA）, total triglycedde （TG）, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）. Compared with control cows, cows fed BE had higher （P〈0.05） superoxide dismutase （SOD） and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） activity. However, supplementation with BE had no effect （P〉0.05） on total antioxidant capacity （T-AOC） or malondialdehyde （MDA） levels. The immunoglobulin （Ig） A and G contents increased （P〈0.05） in cows fed 0.25 or 0.5 g of BE kg-1. Interleukin （IL）-2 and IL-4 levels were higher （P〈0.05） in cows fed 0.5 and 1.0 g of BE kg-1, and IL-6 was significantly elevated （P〈0.05） in cows fed 0.5 g of BE kg-1. There were no treatment effects （P〉0.05） on the CD4＋ and CD8＋ T lymphocyte ratios, CD4＋/CD8＋ratio, or tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） level among the groups. These findings suggest that BE supplementation may improve protein metabolism, in addition to enhancing antioxidant activity and immune function in heat-stressed dairy cows.

Effect of Chaihu Shugan decoction on gastric smooth muscle cell apoptosis in rats with functional dyspepsia

Objective:To investigate the effect of Chaihu Shugan decoction(CSD)on gastric smooth muscle cells(GSMCs)apoptosis in rats with functional dyspepsia(FD).Methods:48Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly assigned into six groups:a normal control group,a model group,apositive control(domperidone)group and low-,middle-and high-dose CSD groups.A rat model of FD was established by constantly squeezing their tails.The rats were administered CSD(0.16g/mL,0.32g/mL,0.64g/mL)or domperidone(0.3 g/L)via intragastric gavage for four weeks.The gastric emptying rate was detected at 4 weeks post-administration.Apoptosis of GSMCs was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL)staining and the mitochondrial morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy.The expression of Bcl-2and Bax was measured by immunohistochemistry.Results:FD resulted in marked reduction of gastric emptying rate,severe gastric tissue damage and mitochondria injury,but were reversed by CSD treatment(P<0.05).The apoptosis-induced protein Bax was markedly down-regulated by CSD,whereas the expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein was notably increased(P<0.05).Furthermore,CSD could protect the FD rats against GSMCs apoptosis manifested by a decreased in TUNEL-positive cells(P<0.05).Conclusion:CSD could alleviate GSMCs apoptosis in FD rats,possibly by the modulation of Bcl-2 and Bax expression,and the suppression of mitochondria injury.

Saikosaponin v-2 from Bupleurum chinense

Saikosaponin v-2(1). was isolated li om the roots of the title plant and thc structure was identified on rhs basis of spectral anal? sis. Saikosaponin v-2 is a new compound. which was identified as 3 beta .16 alpha .23.28-tetrahydroxy-olean-11.13(18)-dien-30-oic acid-3-O-beta -D-glucopyranosyl- (1 -->2)glucopyranosyl-(1 -->3)-beta -D-fucopyranosol-30-O-xylitol ester.

Construction of Chaihu Selenium Industrial Demonstration Area in Zhongxiang City of Hubei Province

In order to develop selenium industry in Jianghan Basin,Hubei Provincial Party Committee decided to build Chaihu selenium industrial demonstration area in Zhongxiang City.This paper introduced general situation of Chaihu Town,analyzed countermeasures for construction of selenium industrial demonstration area in depth,and finally came up with 12 constructive and pertinent recommendations.

TREATMENT OF PRIMARY THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA BY MODIFIED MINOR DECOCTION OF BUPLEURUM

Primary thrombocytopenic purpura is ahemorrhagic disease induced by rapid de-struction of blood platelets throughautoimmunity. The authors treated 10 casesof the disease with modified MinorDecoction of Bupleurum with good resultsas reported in the following:

Research on the mechanism of Chaihu Huangqin medicine based on integrated pharmacology to improve the clinical symptoms of COVID-19

Objective:Novel coronavirus(COVID-19)was used to improve the clinical symptoms of the new type coronavirus(LV),based on integrated pharmacology.Methods:TCMIP v2.0 was used to predict the key target and action pathway of Bupleurum baicalensis Georgi in improving the clinical symptoms of covid-19.The multi-dimensional network diagram of"drug pair active component key target action pathway"was drawn to explore its action mechanism from the molecular level.Results:Bupleurum and Scutellaria baicalensis could regulate IL signaling pathway and clec7a(a member of C-type lectin domain 7 family)/Inflammatory pathway,immune stress and other related signaling pathways can inhibit activated cytokines,alleviate excessive immune response,eliminate inflammation,and resist virus.In addition,the core targets of Bupleurum baicalensis baicalensis Georgi:nuclear factor kB(NFKB2,NFKB1),interleukin(IL-6,IL-1B),toll like receptor 4(TLR4),tumor necrosis factor(TNF)and so on are mostly induced by inflammation It is related to body damage.Bupleurum and scutellaria have the clinical effects of anti-inflammatory,antiviral,strengthening immunity,inhibiting pulmonary fibrosis and so on.Conclusion:Radix Bupleuri Scutellariae can be used to treat covid-19 by multi-channel,multi-target and multi ring.The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for Bupleurum Scutellaria to improve the use of COVID-19.

Chaihu-Shugan-San exerts an antidepressive effect by downregulating miR-124 and releasing inhibition of the MAPK14 and Gria3 signaling pathways

Dysregulation of mi R-124 has been reported to be involved in the pathophysiology of depression. Chaihu-Shugan-San, a traditional Chinese medicine, has antidepressive activity; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, to generate a rodent model of depression, rats were subjected to a combination of solitary confinement and chronic unpredictable mild stress for 28 days. Rats were intragastrically administered Chaihu-Shugan-San（2.835 m L/kg/d） for 4 weeks, once a day. Real-time reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, mi RNA microarray, western blot assay and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that ChaihuShugan-San downregulated mi R-124 expression and upregulated the m RNA and protein levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase 14（MAPK14） and glutamate receptor subunit 3（Gria3）. Chaihu-Shugan-San also promoted synapse formation in the hippocampus. The open field test, sucrose consumption test and forced swimming test were used to assess depression-like behavior. After intragastric administration of Chaihu-Shugan-San, sucrose consumption increased, while the depressive behaviors were substantially reduced. Together, these findings suggest that Chaihu-Shugan-San exerts an antidepressant-like effect by downregulating mi R-124 expression and by releasing the inhibition of the MAPK14 and Gria3 signaling pathways.

北柴胡及常见伪品藏柴胡、锥叶柴胡鉴别研究

目的建立北柴胡、藏柴胡、锥叶柴胡鉴别方法。方法采用外观性状鉴别、薄层色谱和HPLC指纹图谱系统建立北柴胡、藏柴胡、锥叶柴胡鉴别方法。结果锥叶柴胡横切面为菊花状,北柴胡横切面为年轮状并具有不定程度的裂纹,外部有较薄的黑色外环纹,藏柴胡横切面较平整,外部有较厚的黑色外环纹。薄层色谱显示藏柴胡的荧光斑点强度最强,北柴胡与藏柴胡相似,荧光强度较藏柴胡弱,锥叶柴胡在Rf值约为0.90处具有独特的绿色荧光斑点。HPLC指纹图谱显示,藏柴胡与北柴胡野生药材的相似度约在0.50~0.80,锥叶柴胡与北柴胡野生药材的相似度约在0.20~0.45,北柴胡与北柴胡野生药材的相似度在0.90以上,可以相似度数值范围区分北柴胡、藏柴胡与锥叶柴胡。结论3种鉴别方法均可用于对上述3种柴胡的鉴别,且各有利弊,因此内外在质控方法联用可更加有效地鉴别柴胡品种,保障临床用药质量。

Evaluation on Quality and Utilization Value of Bupleurum falcatum Linne

[Objectives]This study aimed to evaluate the quality of Bupleurum falcatum Linne interplanted with walnut in Ganluo and study the development and utilization value of other parts.[Methods]The contents of saikosaponins a and d were determined with RP-HPLC,and the contents of 7 kinds of harmful elements were determined by ICP-MS.The quality of B.falcatum Linne was compared with that of other Bupleurum species.[Results]The total saikosaponin content in Radix Bupleurum Falcatum(15.894 mg/g)was higher than that in Radix Bupleuri of other origins(8.748 mg/g).The total saikosaponin content in leaves of B.falcatum Linne(7.518 mg/g)is more than twice the limit promulgated by Chinese Pharmacopoeia.The contents of Al,Cr,Cu,As,Cd,Pb and Hg in B.falcatum Linne were all lower than the limits promulgated by the pharmacopoeia.In short,the quality of Radix Bupleurum Falcatum was better than that of Radix Bupleurum Marginatum(S3,S4)and Radix Bupleurum Sachalinense(S5).The leaves of B.falcatum Linne contained more saikosaponins and less harmful elements.[Conclusions]The method and technology of interplanting B.falcatum Linne with walnut in Ganluo are mature.The quality of the medicinal materials produced is superior,and the leaves are also rich in saikosaponins a and d,and can be used as the raw material for extracting saikosaponins a and d.This study provides a basis for further in-depth research on the cultivation of B.falcatum Linne in the domestic market.

Application of Chaihu plus Longgu Muli Decoction in Treatment of Physical and Mental Diseases

Chaihu plus Longgu Muli Decoction is the representative treatment method of harmonizing and releasing combined with easing for lesser yang disease proposed by famous physician Zhang Zhongjing.Through clinical cases,this paper firstly introduced the main framework of Chaihu plus Longgu Muli Decoction,to make the treatment method of harmonizing and releasing become more flexible in clinical application.Besides,it introduced the common changes in the learning and application of the decoction,to respond to various changes in the clinical diseases.

A New Chromone Glycoside from Bupleurum Chinense

A new chromone glycoside, saikochromoside A(1), was isolated from the roots of Bupleurum chinense DC. Its structure was determined on the bases of chemical and spectral analyses.