Effect of Continuous Double-Lumen Irrigation Drainage at Constant Temperature on the Control of Abdominal Infection After Surgery

Objective:To investigate the effect of continuous double-lumen irrigation drainage at constant temperature on the control of abdominal infection after surgery,providing a reference for clinical treatment.Methods:From December 2022 to August 2023,100 patients with abdominal infections after surgery were selected from Wendeng People's Hospital in Weihai.They were randomly divided into a control group(50 cases,using conventional single-hole rubber irrigation drainage)and an observation group(50 cases,using continuous double-lumen irrigation drainage at constant temperature).The inflammatory and immune indicators of the two groups were compared after different interventions,and the specific conditions of abdominal infection were statistically analyzed.Results:There was no significant difference in inflammatory indicators between the two groups before intervention(P>0.05).After the intervention,the inflammatory indicators of the observation group were significantly lower(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in immune function indicators between the two groups before intervention(P>0.05).After intervention,the immune function indicators of the observation group showed significant improvement(P<0.05).The control of abdominal infection in the observation group was better than in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Continuous double-lumen rrigation drainage at constant temperature has a better effect on controlling abdominal infection after surgery,improving the infection condition,and enhancing the immune function of patients.

Effects of combined drip irrigation and sub-surface pipe drainage on water and salt transport of saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang, China

Developing effective irrigation and drainage strategies to improve the quality of saline-alkali soil is vital for enhancing agricultural production and increasing economic returns. In this study, we explored how irrigation and drainage modes (flood irrigation, drip irrigation, and sub-surface pipe drainage under drip irrigation) improve the saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang, China. We aimed to study the transport characteristics of soil water and salt under different irrigation and drainage modes, and analyze the effects of the combination of irrigation and drainage on soil salt leaching, as well as its impacts on the growth of oil sunflower. Our results show that sub-surface pipe drainage under drip irrigation significantly reduced the soil salt content and soil water content at the 0–200 cm soil depth. Under sub-surface pipe drainage combined with drip irrigation, the mean soil salt content was reduced to below 10 g/kg after the second irrigation, and the soil salt content decreased as sub-surface pipe distance decreased. The mean soil salt content of flood irrigation exceeded 25 g/kg, and the mean soil desalination efficiency was 3.28%, which was lower than that of drip irrigation. The mean soil desalination rate under drip irrigation and sub-surface pipe drainage under drip irrigation was 19.30% and 58.12%, respectively. After sub-surface drainage regulation under drip irrigation, the germination percentage of oil sunflower seedlings was increased to more than 50%, which further confirmed that combined drip irrigation and sub-surface pipe drainage is very effective in improving the quality of saline-alkali soil and increasing the productivity of agricultural crops.

Analysis of Electricity Cost of Agricultural Irrigation and Drainage in Experiment Station

The electricity cost of agricultural irrigation and drainage in the Dahe Ex- periment Station was analyzed. The results showed that from 2012 to 2016, the annual total power and total electricity cost increased year by year. The higher the electricity consumption was, the lower the factor adjusted power price was. The an- nual factor adjusted power price decreased from 532.5 yuan （above the national standard） to -599.78 yuan （below the national standard）. The electricity consumption was always highest in June. The more the rainfall from June to September was, the less the monthly electricity usage was. The collect electricity charge to total electricity charge ratio was 1.26%-1.34%, the directory electricity charge to total electricity charge ratio was 96.34%-99.80%, and the electricity loss of transformer was 288-496 kW/h.

Novel Application of Vacuum Sealing Drainage with Continuous Irrigation of Potassium Permanganate for Managing Infective Wounds of Gas Gangrene

Summary： Traumatic gas gangrene is a fatal infection mainly caused by Clostridium perfringens. It is a challenge to manage gas gangrene in open wounds and control infection after debridement or amputa- tion. The aim of the present study was to use vacuum sealing drainage （VSD） with continuous irrigation of potassium permanganate to manage infective wounds of gas gangrene and observe its clinical effi- cacy. A total of 48 patients with open traumatic gas gangrene infection were included in this study. Am- putations were done for 27 patients, and limb salvage procedures were performed for the others. After amputation or aggressive debridement, the VSD system, including polyvinyl alcohol （PVA） foam dress- ing and polyurethane （PU） film, with continuous irrigation of 1：5000 potassium permanganate solutions, was applied to the wounds. During the follow-up, all the patients healed without recurrence within 8-18 months. There were four complications. Cardiac arrest during amputation surgery occurred in one pa- tient who suffered from severe septic shock. Emergent resuscitation was performed and the patient re- turned to stable condition. One patient suffered from mixed infection of Staphylococcal aureus, and a second-stage debridement was performed. One patient suffered from severe pain of the limb after the debridement. Exploratory operation was done and the possible reason was trauma of a local peripheral nerve. Three cases of crush syndrome had dialysis treatment for concomitant renal failure. In conclusion, VSD can convert open wound to closed wound, and evacuate necrotic tissues. Furthermore, potassium permanganate solutions help eliminate anaerobic microenviroument and achieve good therapeutic effect on gas gangrene and mixed infection. VSD with continuous irrigation of potassium permanganate is a novel, simple and feasible alternative for severe traumatic open wounds with gas gangrene infection.

WATER AND SALT MOVEMENTS IN SIMULTANEOUS FLOOD-IRRIGATION AND WELL-DRAINAGE OPERATIONS

This paper describes a new technology for solonchak soil reclamation in which surface flood irrigation of fresh water and pumped wells drainage of salty groundwater are combined. The comprehensive investigation of water and salt movement has been conducted through field test, laboratory simulation and numerical calculation. The dependence of desalination on irrigation water quantity, drainage quantity, leaching time and other parameters is obtained based on the field tests. The entire desalination process under the flood-irrigation and well-drainage operations was experimentally simulated in a vertical soil column. The water and salt movement has been numerically analysed for both the field and laboratory conditions. The present work indicates that this new technology can greatly improve the effects of desalination.

Characteristics of Drainage Water Quality and Loading from Paddy Field under Cyclic Irrigation and Its Management Options

The cyclic irrigation system has been practiced in Japan for reducing pollutant outflow loadings from paddy fields. The cyclic irrigation is an irrigation method to reuse water by pumping drainage water and re-distributing it to the farmland. Quantification and assessment of the effects of the cyclic irrigation are needed to identify management options for maximizing the benefits of cyclic irrigation. The study was aimed at assessing loading characteristics from paddy field area under the cyclic irrigation and developing a model for simulating water and material flow in paddy field area that can be used as a management tool. The study was carried out in a paddy field in the Asagoi District, Oumihatiman city in Shiga Prefecture, Japan. Using the results of water quality analysis, the average net loadings of T-N and T-P were estimated for both cyclic and non-cyclic irrigation sites. The result indicates a higher nutrient absorption rate in the cyclic irrigation site than that in the non-cyclic irrigation site. The developed cyclic irrigation model showed good agreements between observed and simulated drainage volumes and nitrogen loadings. The scenario analysis by application of the model showed a potential of reducing the loading amount by increasing the cyclic irrigation ratio and reducing the amount of fertilizer application without affecting the rice yield.

Management for Pediatric Pleural Empyema in Resource-Poor Country: Is Chest Tube Drainage with Antiseptic Lavage-Irrigation Better than Tube Thoracostomy Alone?

Drainage by chest tube thoracostomy is widely used in treatment of early empyema thoracis in children, but drainage with antiseptic lavage-irrigation is more frequent in our context since the last 20 years. This study was to determine which was more effective in our experience comparing chest tube drainage with catheter antiseptic lavage-irrigation versus drainage by chest tube thoracostomy alone in the management of empyema thoracis in children. Patients and Methods: Demographic, clinical and microbiological data on children with thoracic empyema undergoing drainage by chest tube thoracostomy alone or with antiseptic lavage-irrigation were obtained from 2 thoracic surgical centers from September 2008 to December 2014. It was a retrospective study included 246 children (137 boys and 109 girls) who were managed for empyema thoracis at the author’s different department of surgery. Outcomes analysis with respect to treatment efficacy, hospital duration, chest tube duration, hospital costs, and need for subsequent procedures was analyzed and compared in the 2 groups. Results: Drainage of pus and antiseptic irrigation resulted in resolution of pyrexia with improvement in general condition in 85.82% of patients in group 1 and by tube thoracostomy alone in 73.95% in group 2. There are a significant difference in the length of hospital stay (p = 0.022), duration of chest tubes in situ (p = 0.040), treatment coast (p = 0.015) and outcome of stage 2 empyema disease (p = 0.037) between the 2 groups. Conclusion: it seems that chest tube drainage with antiseptic lavage-irrigation method is associated with a higher efficacy, shorter length of hospital stay, shorter duration of chest tube in situ, less cost and better outcome of stage 2 empyema diseases than a treatment strategy that utilizes chest tube thoracostomy alone.

Drainage of pancreatic fluid collections in acute pancreatitis:A comprehensive overview

Moderately severe and severe acute pancreatitis is characterized by local and systemic complications.Systemic complications predominate the early phase of acute pancreatitis while local complications are important in the late phase of the disease.Necrotic fluid collections represent the most important local complication.Drainage of these collections is indicated in the setting of infection,persistent or new onset organ failure,compressive or pressure symptoms,and intraabdominal hypertension.Percutaneous,endoscopic,and minimally invasive surgical drainage represents the various methods of drainage with each having its own advantages and disadvantages.These methods are often complementary.In this minireview,we discuss the indications,timing,and techniques of drainage of pancreatic fluid collections with focus on percutaneous catheter drainage.We also discuss the novel methods and techniques to improve the outcomes of percutaneous catheter drainage.

Cost Effectiveness of Growing Cotton Depending on Irrigation Source and Groundwater Salinity in the Ferghana Valley, Uzbekistan

Given article describes the current status of irrigated agriculture in the Ferghana province, Republic of Uzbekistan. Climatic, hydrogeological, and soil conditions and hydromodule zoning of the Water User Association (WUA) Oktepa Zilol were studied, and, on this basis, the farms growing cotton were selected. Variable and fixed costs and profitability of cotton-growing farms were analyzed. Based on the books of those farms, the crop budget was drawn up. Relationships between the profitability of cotton-growing farm and the irrigation sources used and soil fertility in the farm are explained. Finally, proposals for improvement of cotton production using various sources of irrigation under different degrees of groundwater salinity are provided.

稻麦轮作高标准农田控制排水对排水与氮素输出削减效果模拟

稻麦轮作区高标准农田建设中,通过加深排水沟提高麦作期农田排水降渍能力的同时,加大稻作期农田排水输出,不仅降低了水资源利用效率,而且加重了接纳水体的污染。本文基于江苏省扬州市沿运灌区稻麦轮作农田排水水文水质过程的监测结果,利用田间水文模型(DRAINMOD)模拟了长序列气象条件下,灌区提高农田降渍能力对稻田排水、氮素流失及灌溉需求的负面影响以及控制排水措施的积极效果。结果表明,在节水灌溉模式下,研究区排水沟深度由现状的60 cm加深至120 cm,排水间距由120 m加密至20 m时,稻作期排水量与总氮(TN)输出负荷增加9.0%~22.2%、氨氮(NH_(3)-N)输出负荷增加4.0%~16.8%、灌溉用水量增加9.6%~23.4%。若结合田间管理要求,实施控制排水则可有效缓解提高农田降渍能力造成的负面影响;当排水沟深为120 cm,间距为120~20 m时,稻作期控制排水可使排水量和TN输出负荷减少19.3%~35.3%、NH_(3)-N输出负荷减少7.6%~27.2%、灌溉用水量减少22.9%~40.0%。由于控制排水降低了地下排水梯度,相较于传统排水,农沟从60 cm加深至120 cm时,地下排水平均占比降至50.7%,灌溉用水量相应减少。综上,稻麦轮作农田控制排水具有显著的节水减排作用,可有效降低高标准农田建设中提高降渍能力所产生的负面影响。研究成果可为稻麦轮作区高标准农田建设与水环境保护提供理论依据与技术支撑。

西南水稻主产区用水现状与绿色高效灌排技术

西南水稻主产区面临季节性干旱、工程性缺水等生产问题,绿色高效灌排技术是该区域实现节水稳产增效的关键举措,对保障国家粮食安全具有重要意义。本文系统梳理了包括云南省、贵州省、四川省、重庆市在内的西南地区水稻生产用水现状和灌排技术现状,阐述了西南水稻主产区绿色高效灌排体系的基本特征、绿色高效灌排的具体技术类型,提出了由稻田精准需水预报、灌区精量配水管理、田间高效用水管理、田间高效排水管理构成的绿色高效灌排技术模式。研究发现,西南水稻主产区水资源丰富但时空分布不均,节水灌溉和排水技术落后且对各地区气候条件、水资源量、地形的适用性有较大差异。建议研发稻田灌排高效协同调控新技术、推广绿色高效灌排技术体系、优化稻田水肥运筹模式、开发稻田智能灌排与信息化管理系统、构建水稻绿色高效灌排技术多维推广体系,据此推动西南水稻主产区节水提质增效与绿色减污降排多赢。

“数字孪生”灌排泵站的建设与思考

目前大中型灌排泵站基本建设了自动化控制系统,实现工程在线监管和自动化控制,但在信息感知、科学决策及智能化运行方面,管理水平还比较低。为适应国家信息化发展战略总体要求和水利改革的发展目标,大中型灌排泵站应基于日常管理需求,积极搭建数字孪生泵站管理平台,实现“四预”功能。本文结合某大型灌排泵站的信息化建设实践,介绍了数字孪生技术在泵站设计、应用和实践,为相关泵站管理单位信息化建设提供参考。

农田灌溉排水机械系统设计与性能分析

灌溉与排水是调节农田水分供给的有效手段,是促进农作物良好生长的前提,为解决传统灌溉模式用水量大、水资源浪费、有效利用率低的问题,以及优化农田抗涝排水性能,针对农田灌溉排水机械系统进行优化分析与功能升级,分析了现阶段的灌溉排水机械应用情况与典型不足,对排水机械、灌溉机械的设备及附属设施进行设计和优化,并提供了性能分析参考建议,以期为农田合理用水提供参考借鉴。

稻田控制排水对高邮灌区河道洪水过程的影响

以高邮灌区为例,采用水文-水动力模型,研究稻田控制排水措施对河道洪峰流量、水位和洪水过程的影响。结果表明,雨前通过控制灌溉适当降低田间水位可减轻稻田出流峰值,随着稻田控制水位的增加,稻田径流峰值逐渐降低。通过稻田控制排水,可降低田间出口峰值流量,改变灌区河道洪水过程,降低河道洪峰流量和水位,减轻灌区内部以及附近河道的防洪压力。

文化景观视角下湖州太湖溇港的遗产价值识别与管理

位于太湖南岸的湖州太湖溇港世界灌溉工程遗产是水利工程与生态农业实践的杰出案例,孕育了鱼米之乡、丝绸之府的江南水乡文明,是典型的持续演进的乡村景观。在传统文化遗产保护视角下,单一学科的价值解读方法和分类保护制度未能全面认识和可持续管理太湖溇港的多元价值。基于文化景观自然与文化关联互动视角,通过借鉴国际前沿的乡村景观价值认知与管理的理论和实践研究,构建乡村景观遗产价值的识别框架与管理方法,识别太湖溇港的多元遗产价值和载体,并提出整体化、动态化和多方协同的可持续管理策略。

河套灌区暗管外包滤料的透水效果及防淤堵性能研究

为探究不同外包滤料条件下的暗管透水效果、保土和防淤堵性能,设置5种暗管外包滤料方案,分别为砂滤料(A)、68 g/m^(2)土工布(B)、90 g/m^(2)土工布(C)、68 g/m^(2)土工布+砂滤料(D),以及无外包滤料(E)方案作为对照,通过室内渗透试验,田间春灌和秋浇排水过程的监测调查,综合分析不同外包滤料对暗管透水效果、保土和防淤堵性能的影响。结果表明:方案A、B和D的排水流量衰减率平均稳定在5.60%,方案C的衰减率仅次于方案E(15.094%),为11.15%。不同外包滤料达到稳定状态时的渗透系数在7.46×10^(-4)~9.46×10^(-4)cm/s之间,且GR≤3;各方案秋浇的土壤流失量较春灌时平均减少42%,方案D的土壤流失量衰减率仅为35%,低于其他方案(P<0.05),同时方案A~D的流失土壤d90分别为14.8、18.50、9.0和15.50μm与方案E(d90=23.33μm)相较,保土性能显著;B、C和D方案内的淤土量分别为12.54、17.64和7.00 g,方案D的淤土量显著低于其他单一铺设土工布的方案,可见方案D的防淤堵效果最优。综上,针对河套灌区下游土壤性质,推荐优先选择方案D(68 g/m^(2)土工布+砂滤料)作为灌区暗管外包滤料,该研究结果可为河套灌区下游选择适宜暗管外包滤料提供参考。

基于莫兰指数的丘陵地区高标准农田建设时序分区——以安徽省滁州市凤阳县为例

推进高标准农田建设是提升长江中下游丘陵地区耕地质量的重要举措。为了使高标准农田建设有序、高效地进行,以安徽省滁州市凤阳县为例,基于莫兰指数,结合耕地质量、灌溉排水能力的空间分布,以地块为最小单元划分高标准农田建设区域。结果表明:凤阳县耕地质量等级为中等,平均等级为4.367等;全县耕地质量等级呈现显著的空间正相关性,其中有73.45%的耕地呈现显著的空间自相关性。灌溉排水能力的可改善程度可分为1~9级,依据耕地质量等级的空间相关性和灌溉排水能力可改善程度,将高标准农田建设时序划分为优先建设区、次级建设区、后备建设区和暂不建设区,其中优先建设区为空间相关性为高-低(HL)型且灌溉排水能力可改善程度较大的区域。采用研究区高标准农田建设实施案例对研究结果进行验证,耕地质量等级提升程度较大的区域均处于优先建设区和次级建设区。研究结果对于高标准农田建设的选址具有一定的参考和应用价值,可为有序和高效推进高标准农田建设和提升耕地质量提供参考。

寒旱灌区灌排水体盐分离子特征

土壤盐碱化是影响寒旱灌区农业可持续发展的关键因素之一,传统研究通常以盐分总量变化作为指标评估盐碱化演化趋势,而很少关注离子组成的变化。为深入研究盐分离子在农业灌排系统各水体间的分布、运移规律,本文以灌区灌排过程中的各种水体观测数据为依据,系统分析灌区不同水体水盐及离子的分布和变化特征。研究表明:灌区不同水体的盐分离子组成差异明显,灌水以Ca^(2+)和HCO_(3)^–为主,地下水、排水以Na^(+)、Cl^(–)和SO_(4)^(2–)为主。灌水水质较好,总体为HCO_(3)^(–)-Ca^(2+)型水。地下水呈弱碱性,总体为Cl^(–)·SO_(4)^(2–)-Na^(+)和Cl^(–)·SO_(4)^(2–)-Na^(+)·Mg^(2+)型。排水受区域地下水和灌溉退水等因素的影响,以Cl^(–)·SO_(4)^(2–)-Na^(+)和Cl^(–)·SO_(4)^(2–)-Na^(+)·Mg^(2+)型为主。

农业科研试验基地农田水利建设实践与思考——以江苏省农业科学院六合动物科学基地为例

农业科研试验基地作为农业科研工作的重要载体,在科技创新、成果转化和科普教育等方面发挥了重要作用。文章以江苏省农业科学院六合动物科学基地(以下简称“六合基地”)为例,结合日常运行管理工作,总结了六合基地农田水利建设现状,分析了基地在农田水利系统设计、建设及管理中存在的问题,并有针对性地提出了农田水利系统科学规划、规范建设施工过程、培育专业团队、创新维修期管理制度等加强农业科研基地灌排系统建设及管理的建议和对策。

田-沟-塘系统纳洪减污效应研究进展

针对南方地区水资源时空分布不均、水旱灾害频发且极端气候加剧、农业用水效率不高且面源污染严重等水安全问题,探讨稻田、排水沟、塘堰组成的灌溉排水系统(简称田-沟-塘系统)的调蓄纳洪、协同减污效应,以期为灌区雨洪调蓄和节水减排提供理论参考。从灌区雨洪调蓄实际出发,对当前田-沟-塘系统的国内外研究工作和发展进行总结,对田-沟-塘系统承纳洪水、输水蓄水、优化调水、协同防控氮磷流失等基础理论和关键技术等问题进行阐述,提出了田-沟-塘系统的“虚拟水库”模式及其纳洪效应的模型模拟方法。目前关于田-沟-塘系统调水控水的研究还普遍停留在净化水质单方面效用上,水量调蓄方面则多以研究稻田、排水沟、塘堰单个体的水平衡过程为主,缺少田-沟-塘系统联合调度的系统研究,如何提高灌区粮食生产过程中雨洪调蓄利用仍缺乏系统思维和技术手段。未来的研究要进一步拓展和丰富田-沟-塘系统雨水调蓄利用和协同减污功能,揭示稻田作为“隐形蓄水池”的蓄水潜力以及田-沟-塘系统的调洪削峰减污能力。