Multi-Stakeholder Business Models： Designing Out Wicked Problems

The paper is a part of an ongoing study, labelled as ＂Designing out wicked problems＂ - a design science research （DSR） study with the purpose of developing, implementing, and evaluating a methodology framework for designing multi-stakeholder business models. The objective of the current paper is to evaluate the business model design framework within a DSR framework. The research is conducted as three-year case study at three sites： The Danish police, with a key player in the Danish energy sector, and the municipality of the Danish capital, Copenhagen. The research method is action research, with a structure of planning-action-evaluation process conducted with the case owners - as well as design science methodology, where an artifact （the multi-stakeholder business model design concept） is created, evaluated and altered to improve its functionality. The finding of this study is that the maturity of the application domain - the type of problem the concept is trying to solve - as well as of the concept itself, is low. The conclusion is thus that the knowledge contribution of the study is of a unique invention character which will lay the foundation for further evaluation and research.

Business Models,Operation Models and Service Development of IPTV

IPTV,as a newborn service,is restricted on market operation by multiple factors. Therefore,exploration is required in respect of its business,operations and service provision models. First,an IPTV industry value chain can be formed by integrating the advantages of the existing business models of telecommunication,broadcasting and TV,and Internet industries,which helps realize win-win cooperation of all the parties on the chain. Second,plans for technology implementation and network deployment should be made after comprehensive consideration according to various development stages of the IPTV. Third,a reasonable profit allocation model may promote the growth of IPTV services. Last,market competitiveness will be improved by services bundling. Generally,IPTV will become a breakthrough point for the strategic transformation of telecom operators and meet their innovation demands. Therefore,IPTV is expected to be a promising technology helping telecom operators find more growth space in the information communication market.

Global Value Chains in the Era of 4IR: New Paradigm of Business Models for SMEs

This paper presents a brief literature review of previous studies methodologies,models,and contexts in studying firms’upgrading in Global Value Chains(GVCs).The key context of this paper is set within Fourth Industrial Revolution(4IR).Through the literature review,this paper offers to identify the opportunities of theoretical novelty and ways to elaborate on understanding firm dynamics in Global Value Chains in the context of 4IR.The approach based on Business Model(BM)innovations and new forms of organizing for business(such as platforms)is used to synthesize from previous research findings and build on to newer explanations of firms’entry,learning,and upgrading within GVCs.

Innovative Business Modelsinthe Morden Media Industry

In the modem media industry, in addition to the traditional business model of proprietary products selling, there are a number of new business models that involve free distribution of whole products, or some parts of the products. The advantage of the open business model is in the value creation by a large community of developers, whereas the proprietary business model means a simpler form of value capture. However, open and closed business models can not exist in pure form： the proprietary model does not give enough space for innovation, while the open model gives insufficient opportunities for generating profit. An investigation of the problem of optimal business model choice at the monopolistic market indicates that the fully closed business model is less efficient than the model with the closed core and open extensions; it is profitable for any firm to open all of those ideas and technologies that can not be used without the base module; the completely open business model is optimal if and only if a substantial part of the consumer value is determined by additional services or innovative activity of the users.

The Current Context and Future Trends of the Photovoltaic Business Models in Central and Eastern Europe:Case Study—Romania

The evolution of the PV industry has represented one of the main focus points of economic and political debates and research of the last ten years in Europe. However, these discussions have only presented general aspects of the industry development and accomplishments with little information about the companies’ actual practices. The present study aims to inquire the PV field in Romania further, by researching the currently implemented and the future business models of firms producing solar energy. Using the Delphi method based on questionnaires and interviews with experts of this field, this paper shows the key elements of business models in the PV field that reflect the companies’ practices and future trends and expectations regarding the internal activity of the firm and the environmental changes from the external environment of the company, which influence the directions of the PV domain. The relevance of this study is based on the importance of the applied PV business model elements in order to ensure the survival and expansion of the company in a dynamic field that faces continuous legal, economic and technological changes and challenges. The results of this study have some directions that could be applied in most of the European countries where the PV industry is developing.

Peer Effects of Internet Business Models:Strategic Drive or Conceptual Catering?

In recent years,the internet business model has become a popular concept,and has been adopted by an increasing number of traditional enterprises.However,the question remains whether this adoption is a strategy-driven decision or a blind follow of trends.Therefore,this study is conducted on Chinese listed companies from 2007 to 2020 to examine the existence,underlying motives,and economic consequences of peer effects in traditional enterprises adopting internet business models.The results show significant peer effects among traditional enterprises adopting internet business models.The examination of driving mechanisms reveals that peer effects of internet business models are more significant in enterprises with asset-light structures,higher degrees of virtualization,lower market valuations,and greater financing pressure,supporting the conceptual catering hypothesis rather than the strategic drive hypothesis.Further tests reveal that while adopting internet business models enables enterprises to receive some government subsidy and market reaction in the short term,it only promotes tactical innovation rather than real innovation and does not improve the financial performance of these enterprises.This further indicates that peer effects of internet business models are not a strategic drive but rather a matter of conceptual catering.

Logistics 4.0 and emerging sustainable business models

The drive towards Logistics 4.0 as an element of Industry 4.0 gives possibilities for new business models. Instant information exchange, automated solutions and real-time big data analysis are among the features of Logistics 4.0 paving the way for new business models. The role and importance of information are changing as we can see today. The demand for sustainability of business cre- ates on the other hand new requirements to the operations of manufacturing and logistics. This paper addresses these challenges, illustrates current trends, and offers a model to understand and relate the different elements of business operations.

Innovations on Online Journalism： Discussing Social Business Design Models

The main focus of this paper is the analysis on how social business recent management proposals fit to a media/journalistic business environment. The discussion was based on three research questions focusing on： the drivers and the constraints of disruption innovation strategies; the adequate social business design framework to promote innovation; and an evaluation over the practices/experiences related to disruption, innovation, and creativity in journalistic businesses. A conceptual framework the Latour/Law Actor-Network Theory （ANT） has been taken as. Six possible dimensions of action to make this framework valuable some successful practices have also been identified, and in this paper the authors view over these concepts. The main conclusion goes through the understanding of journalistic culture and legitimacy embedded for centuries over society, and to change this will depend on multiple enablers.

Research on the Audio Publishing of Classical Books Based on the Theory of Business Model Canvas: Taking Romance of the Three Kingdoms in Digital Audio Platforms as an Example

Visual media have dominated sensory communications for decades,and the resulting“visual hegemony”leads to the call for the“auditory return”in order to achieve a holistic balance in cultural acceptance.Romance of the Three Kingdoms,a classic literary work in China,has received significant attention and promotion from leading audio platforms.However,the commercialization of digital audio publishing faces unprecedented challenges due to the mismatch between the dissemination of long-form content on digital audio platforms and the current trend of short and fast information reception.Drawing on the Business Model Canvas Theory and taking Romance of the Three Kingdoms as the main focus of analysis,this paper argues that the construction of a business model for the audio publishing of classical books should start from three aspects:the user evaluation of digital audio platforms,the establishment of value propositions based on the“creative transformation and innovative development”principle,and the improvement of the audio publishing infrastructure to ensure the healthy operation and development of the digital audio platforms and consequently improve their current state of development and expand the boundaries of cultural heritage.

Dynamic business process modeling and verification for inter-organizational collaboration

To achieve an on-demand and dynamic composition model of inter-organizational business processes, a new approach for business process modeling and verification is introduced by using the pi-calculus theory. A new business process model which is multi-role, multi-dimensional, integrated and dynamic is proposed relying on inter-organizational collaboration. Compatible with the traditional linear sequence model, the new model is an M x N multi-dimensional mesh, and provides horizontal and vertical formal descriptions for the collaboration business process model. Finally, the pi-calculus theory is utilized to verify the deadlocks, livelocks and synchronization of the example models. The result shows that the proposed approach is efficient and applicable in inter-organizational business process modeling.

Towards a business model for second-life batteries: Barriers,opportunities, uncertainties, and technologies

Electric vehicles(EVs) and the recent pandemic outbreak give cities a new trend to primarily private and shared mobility with low noise and less air pollution.Crucial factors for the widespread of EVs are the electrical charging infrastructure,driving range,and the reduction of the cost of battery packets.For this reason,there is a massive effort from manufacturers,governments,and the scientific community to reduce battery costs and boost sustainable electrical production and distribution.Battery reuse is an alternative to reduce batteries’ costs and environmental impacts.Second-life batteries can be used in a wide variety of secondary applications.Second-life batteries can be connected with off-grid or on-grid photovoltaic and wind systems,vehicle charging stations,forklifts,and frequency control.The present work aims to analyze the main challenges imposed on the reuse of batteries,the leading technologies for their reuse,and the different types of batteries in terms of their feasibility for second-life use.The main novelty of this work is the discussion about the barriers,opportunities,uncertainties,and technologies for the second life market.Here we summarize the present state of the art in reusing lithium-ion batteries discussing technical and economic feasibility,environmental impacts,and perspectives.The results show five business models that have been proposed in the literature,three types of markets for trading second-life batteries,and the main opportunities and barriers for each actor in the battery supply chain.

Business domain oriented AI planning for web service composition

In order to improve the effectiveness of the artificial intelligence （AI） planning based web service composition problem, a business domain oriented AI planning algorithm for web service composition is introduced. The algorithm uses the proposed business relation model to minimize the searching space and uses the proposed goal distance as a heuristic rule. Compared with other algorithms tackling web service composition such as AI planning, the proposed algorithm focuses not only on how to convert the web service composition problem to the AI planning problem, but also exerts its effort on how to apply the business feature of web service composition into planning in order to improve the effectiveness. The experiment shows the better performance of the proposed algorithm.

Netflix： A New Business Model in the Distribution of Audiovisual Content

In the past two decades, the development of certain technologies, in particular Internet and mobile devices （tablet PCs, laptops, mobile telephones, etc.）, has brought about new habits of consuming audiovisual products, predominantly among the youngest consumers. A new demand has arisen that has changed the channels of cinematographic exploitation and has allowed the growth of new business initiatives, such as new business models for distributing audiovisual content. The central aim of this paper is to analyse this new business model and to identify the main characteristics of the pioneering company in this sector, Netflix.

Formalization and Verification of Business Process Modeling Based on UML and Petri Nets

In order to provide a quantitative analysis and verification method for activity diagrams based business process modeling, a formal definition of activity diagrams is introduced. And the basic requirements for activity diagrams based business process models are proposed. Furthermore, the standardized transformation technique between business process models and basic Petri nets is presented and the analysis method for the soundness and well-structured properties of business processes is introduced.

Shared Value in Practice： TOMS Business Model

The article deals with the idea of building a company around the corporate social responsibility （CSR） principles and designing a business model that is simultaneously economically viable, lucrative, and of social benefits. TOMS is analyzed as an example of a company that took this approach and succeeded. The main research questions try to examine the basic assumptions of TOMS business model in light of shared value concept and uncover the reasons of company＇s success. The authors claim that two factors played there a crucial role. Firstly the leader whose passion was so contagious that he/she managed to build the team and set up a company based on his/her ideas. Secondly TOMS business model concept （One for One） is convincing for customers who eagerly join the movement. This business case illustrates how a company that is based on social values can grow.

The Analysis of B2B Business Model from the Viewpoint of Value Chain

Electronic business impacts differently the busines s process in or between the corporations in variant degree. In view of the new fea tures of the internet, critical questions to be answered inclued: what are t he emerging business models and related to this, which strategic marketing appro aches are applied,or emerging. In the paper, the business models in B2B are clas sified into four types as e-procurement, e-marketplace, e-trade exchange, and collaborative trading community from the value viewpoint.And then the paper giv es the measure among the four business models by providing a framework that has been developed on the basis of current commercial Internet business and experime ntal work. The difference between the value chain in traditional commerce and th e one in e-business is compared. And we give the success factors by a case stud y and the barriers to electronic business in the developing B2B business model.

Developing Semantic Business Model for VO Construction on Semantic Grid

This paper combines semantic web technology with business modeling and yields semantic business model that is semantically described in terms of roles and relationships. The semantic business model can be used to discover grid services by means of automation tools. The gap between business goals and grid services is bridged by role relationships and compositions of them, so that the virtual organization evolution is supported effectively. Semantic business model can support virtual organization validation at design stage rather than at run-time stage. The designers can animate their business model and make initial assessment of what interactions should occur between roles and in which order. The users can verify whether the grid service compositions satisfy business goals.

Mobile businessprocess modelingusinghigh level Petri nets

This paper aims at providing an effective modeling methods for more and more mobile business applications. First a high level Petri nets method-Xml nets is introduced, which combines the advantage of Petri nets and XML. Petri nets have strict mathematics and intuitionistic diagram ex- pression way, rich system describing means and system behavior analytical technology, and the re- lated powerful supporting tools. XML, as an extensible markup language, is already a information description de facto standard. XML nets could be utilized to model both the controlling flow and the data flow of mobile business process effectively, which consequently enables the analysis and optimi- zation of the mobile business processes and could be utilized to simulate the execution of the mobile business process with the Petri nets tools to improve the system execution efficiency. In this paper, to demonstrate the modeling of the controlling flow and data flow of mobile business process, an in- strument repair business case is modeled with XML nets.

The Redesign of the Business Model Based on the Structural Perspective

At present, whether internally or abroad, whether in the theory or business, there is a lack of a unified understanding about the basic concepts of structural system and theoretical category of enterprise business model, and its theoretical analysis framework has not been built up, it is the exploratory phase of the model research in the mass. This study aims to analyze the formation mechanism, action mechanism, and evolution mechanism about the business model from the perspective of structure, and designs the enterprise business model architecture and forms a system, besides, explores approaches and strategies about enterprise carrying out business model innovation, and does beneficial bedding in order to use and improve the theoretical system in the process of the enterprise management practice. The significance of this study is to provide analytical methods and tools for the business model questions in the enterprise management practice. This paper firstly defined the connotation of enterprise business model and summarized the seven characteristics of the corporate business model. On the basis of outlining the enterprise business model design theory, the structural design of the corporate business model is mainly discussed. This paper designed the structure of the business model on modular perspective, proposed four constituent units and nine elements of enterprise business model structure system. Through the design of the enterprise business model structure and analysis of the elements that constitute structure, provide the basis for the transformation of innovative enterprise business model, or both enterprise business models, avoid the lack of elements of the enterprise business model structure and lead to business failure. Finally, the paper concludes with the five core strategies for the implementation of the enterprise business model design.

ZTE Unveils Uni-FAN Solution, Forges Europe FTTx Business Model

On the Broadband World Forum Europe 2010 held in Paris, ZTE Corporation launched a European FTTx Business Model which is developed to give operators the right balance of products and solutions for the requirements of the European optical network markets. At the same time, ZTE unveiled its Uni-FAN broadband acceleration solution to help operators rapidly deploy broadband networks.