Hanoi’s rapid urbanization has led to a surge in private vehicle ownership, particularly motorcycles, amidst inadequate public transportation infrastructure. Despite government efforts, many still prefer motorized tr...Hanoi’s rapid urbanization has led to a surge in private vehicle ownership, particularly motorcycles, amidst inadequate public transportation infrastructure. Despite government efforts, many still prefer motorized transport, citing mobility and safety concerns, exacerbated by insufficient pedestrian infrastructure. This study examines the motivations behind this reliance on motorized vehicles, particularly motorcycles, in Hanoi. Findings reveal safety and convenience as primary factors driving motorized transport use, especially for accessing bus stations. Economic incentives could promote non-motorized travel and public transport adoption. Policy implications highlight the importance of addressing economic factors and improving access infrastructure to manage motorized vehicle reliance and foster sustainable urban mobility in Hanoi.展开更多
This paper reaches a recommendation for the 10-year e-bus transition roadmap for New York City. The lifecycle model of emission reduction demonstrates the ecological and financial impacts of a complete transition from...This paper reaches a recommendation for the 10-year e-bus transition roadmap for New York City. The lifecycle model of emission reduction demonstrates the ecological and financial impacts of a complete transition from the current diesel bus fleet to an all-electric bus fleet in New York City by 2033. This study focuses on the NOx pollution, which is the highest among all major cities by Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and greenhouse gases (GHG) with annual emissions of over five million tons. Our model predicts that switching to an all-electric bus fleet will cut GHG emissions by over 390,000 tons and NOx emissions by over 1300 tons annually, in addition to other pollutants such as VOCs and PM 2.5. yielding an annual economic benefit of over 75.94 million USD. This aligns with the city mayor office’s initiative of achieving total carbon neutrality. We further model an optimized transition roadmap that balances ecological and long-term benefits against the costs of the transition, emphasizing feasibility and alignment with the natural replacement cycle of existing buses, ensuring a steady budgeting pattern to minimize interruptions and resistance. Finally, we advocate for collaboration between government agencies, public transportation authorities, and private sectors, including electric buses and charging facility manufacturers, which is essential for fostering innovation and reducing the costs associated with the transition to e-buses.展开更多
Two new butenolide derivatives, named as erigeracerin A and efigeracefin B, which are a pair of epimers, were isolated from Erigeron acer. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis including 2D NMR an...Two new butenolide derivatives, named as erigeracerin A and efigeracefin B, which are a pair of epimers, were isolated from Erigeron acer. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis including 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS.展开更多
A new farnesane-based sesquiterpene lactone, 3- [(5-hydroxy) homogeranyl]-△2-butenolide, was synthesized for the first time starting from trans, trans-farnesol through five steps in an overall yield of 6. 4 % as its ...A new farnesane-based sesquiterpene lactone, 3- [(5-hydroxy) homogeranyl]-△2-butenolide, was synthesized for the first time starting from trans, trans-farnesol through five steps in an overall yield of 6. 4 % as its racendc form.展开更多
An efficIent total synthesis of (±)-3-(5-hydroxy-4-methyl-7 △-butenolide, a new fi1n1esane-b;.Fed homosesquiterPeIle lactone. starting from geraniol through eightsteps are described.
Public transport services, particularly bus services, play an important role in a sustainable transportation system. However, despite various efforts, bus ridership has decreased. The appearance of shared and on-deman...Public transport services, particularly bus services, play an important role in a sustainable transportation system. However, despite various efforts, bus ridership has decreased. The appearance of shared and on-demand vehicle services is one of the main reasons for this issue. In addition, bus tourism services have been successfully developed to meet the exigent needs of tourists. Therefore, a new level of daily bus service is necessary to adapt to the changing demands of customers. Bus interaction (BI) plays an important role in bus services. Nevertheless, the conventional concept of BI mainly refers to users, physical interaction, and safety, but it does not address non-users, non-physical interactions, service quality, and other aspects. This study aims to elaborate on a new concept of bus services. Based on this, we developed a theoretical framework for BI. A meta-analysis was then conducted to identify the achievements and untouched aspects. The results of this study provide three main contributions. First, an unprecedented novel concept of BI is defined, including 13 types of interactions. Second, a comprehensive theoretical framework of BI is established based on the relationships between eight sustainable bus system sub-aspects and 13 BI types. Third, based on the theoretical framework and findings of the reviewed studies, a common finding comprehensive framework of BI is completed, which is accompanied by 1) key findings of the 13 BI types, 2) conclusions of traffic conditions affecting BI research, 3) BI research gaps, and 4) 16 main suggestions for future BI research.展开更多
文摘Hanoi’s rapid urbanization has led to a surge in private vehicle ownership, particularly motorcycles, amidst inadequate public transportation infrastructure. Despite government efforts, many still prefer motorized transport, citing mobility and safety concerns, exacerbated by insufficient pedestrian infrastructure. This study examines the motivations behind this reliance on motorized vehicles, particularly motorcycles, in Hanoi. Findings reveal safety and convenience as primary factors driving motorized transport use, especially for accessing bus stations. Economic incentives could promote non-motorized travel and public transport adoption. Policy implications highlight the importance of addressing economic factors and improving access infrastructure to manage motorized vehicle reliance and foster sustainable urban mobility in Hanoi.
文摘This paper reaches a recommendation for the 10-year e-bus transition roadmap for New York City. The lifecycle model of emission reduction demonstrates the ecological and financial impacts of a complete transition from the current diesel bus fleet to an all-electric bus fleet in New York City by 2033. This study focuses on the NOx pollution, which is the highest among all major cities by Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and greenhouse gases (GHG) with annual emissions of over five million tons. Our model predicts that switching to an all-electric bus fleet will cut GHG emissions by over 390,000 tons and NOx emissions by over 1300 tons annually, in addition to other pollutants such as VOCs and PM 2.5. yielding an annual economic benefit of over 75.94 million USD. This aligns with the city mayor office’s initiative of achieving total carbon neutrality. We further model an optimized transition roadmap that balances ecological and long-term benefits against the costs of the transition, emphasizing feasibility and alignment with the natural replacement cycle of existing buses, ensuring a steady budgeting pattern to minimize interruptions and resistance. Finally, we advocate for collaboration between government agencies, public transportation authorities, and private sectors, including electric buses and charging facility manufacturers, which is essential for fostering innovation and reducing the costs associated with the transition to e-buses.
文摘Two new butenolide derivatives, named as erigeracerin A and efigeracefin B, which are a pair of epimers, were isolated from Erigeron acer. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis including 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS.
文摘A new farnesane-based sesquiterpene lactone, 3- [(5-hydroxy) homogeranyl]-△2-butenolide, was synthesized for the first time starting from trans, trans-farnesol through five steps in an overall yield of 6. 4 % as its racendc form.
文摘An efficIent total synthesis of (±)-3-(5-hydroxy-4-methyl-7 △-butenolide, a new fi1n1esane-b;.Fed homosesquiterPeIle lactone. starting from geraniol through eightsteps are described.
文摘Public transport services, particularly bus services, play an important role in a sustainable transportation system. However, despite various efforts, bus ridership has decreased. The appearance of shared and on-demand vehicle services is one of the main reasons for this issue. In addition, bus tourism services have been successfully developed to meet the exigent needs of tourists. Therefore, a new level of daily bus service is necessary to adapt to the changing demands of customers. Bus interaction (BI) plays an important role in bus services. Nevertheless, the conventional concept of BI mainly refers to users, physical interaction, and safety, but it does not address non-users, non-physical interactions, service quality, and other aspects. This study aims to elaborate on a new concept of bus services. Based on this, we developed a theoretical framework for BI. A meta-analysis was then conducted to identify the achievements and untouched aspects. The results of this study provide three main contributions. First, an unprecedented novel concept of BI is defined, including 13 types of interactions. Second, a comprehensive theoretical framework of BI is established based on the relationships between eight sustainable bus system sub-aspects and 13 BI types. Third, based on the theoretical framework and findings of the reviewed studies, a common finding comprehensive framework of BI is completed, which is accompanied by 1) key findings of the 13 BI types, 2) conclusions of traffic conditions affecting BI research, 3) BI research gaps, and 4) 16 main suggestions for future BI research.
