The acute effects of commercial formulation of chlorpyrifos-ethyl （Dursban ） and the secondary treated industrial/urban effluent （STIUE） exposure on acetylcholinesterase （ACHE） and butyrylcholinesterase （BuChE...The acute effects of commercial formulation of chlorpyrifos-ethyl （Dursban ） and the secondary treated industrial/urban effluent （STIUE） exposure on acetylcholinesterase （ACHE） and butyrylcholinesterase （BuChE） activities in hepatopancreas and gills of Mediterranean crab Carcinus maenas were investigated. After 2 d of exposure to chlorpyriphos-ethyl, the AChE activity was inhibited in both organs at concentrations of 3.12 and 7.82 μg/L, whereas the BuCHE was inhibited only at higher concentration 7.82 μg/L of commercial preparation Dursban~. The exposure of crabs to Dursban （3.12 μg/L） showed a significant decrement of ACHE activity at 24 and 48 h, whereas the BuChE was inhibited only after 24 h and no inhibition for both enzymes was observed after 72 h. Moreover, a significant repression of AChE activity was observed in both organs of C. maenas exposed to 5% of STIUE. Our experiments indicated that the measurement of AChE activity in gills and hepatopancreas of C. maenas would be useful biomarker of organophosphorous （OP） and of neurotoxic effects of STIUE in Tunisia.展开更多
Objective. To research the relations between low- density lipoprotein receptor- related protein gene (LRP) polymorphism, butyrylcholinesterase gene (BchE) polymorphism and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in Chinese. Methods...Objective. To research the relations between low- density lipoprotein receptor- related protein gene (LRP) polymorphism, butyrylcholinesterase gene (BchE) polymorphism and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in Chinese. Methods. The gene polymorphisms of LRP and BchE were genotyped in 38 AD cases and 40 controls with polymerase chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR- RFLP) methods. AD groups were classified according to the LRP C/C genotype and compared with matched controls. Results. AD group had higher frequencies of C/C homozygote (81.6％ vs 60.0％ , P< 0.05) and of C allele (89.5％ vs 76.3％ , P< 0.05),with no significant difference between any of these LRP genotypes classified AD groups and their respective control groups. Conclusions. A positive correlation was found between LRP gene polymorphism and AD, but not between BchE gene polymorphism and AD in Chinese AD cases.展开更多
Approximately, two-thirds patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are reported to have homozygous wild-type butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) gene expression. It is associated with a higher rate of hydrolysis of acetylcho...Approximately, two-thirds patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are reported to have homozygous wild-type butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) gene expression. It is associated with a higher rate of hydrolysis of acetylcholine, which ultimately leads to increase in the levels of BuChE in advanced stages of the disease. Rivastigmine, a dual inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and BuChE, might be of additional benefit in patients with AD with wild-type BuChE allele.展开更多
Organophosphate insecticide residues on vegetable, fruit, tea and even grains are primary cause of food poisoning. Organophosphate compounds can cause irreversible inhibition of the activity of acetylcholinesterase an...Organophosphate insecticide residues on vegetable, fruit, tea and even grains are primary cause of food poisoning. Organophosphate compounds can cause irreversible inhibition of the activity of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase（BChE, EC 3.1.1.8）, which are both candidates for rapid detection of organophosphate pesticides. To develop an easy-tohandle method for detecting organophosphate pesticides using BChE, BChE from human was optimized according to the codon usage bias of Pichia pastoris and successfully expressed in P. pastoris GS115. The codon-optimized cDNA shared 37.3% of the codon identity with the native one. However, the amino acid sequence was identical to that of the native human butyrylcholinesterase gene（h BCh E） as published. The ratio of guanine and cytosine in four kinds of bases（（G＋C） ratio） was simultaneously increased from 40 to 47%. The recombinant hBChE expression reached a total protein concentration of 292 mg m L^–1 with an activity of 14.7 U m L^–1, which was purified 3.2×10^3-fold via nickel affinity chromatography with a yield of 68% and a specific activity of 8.1 U mg^–1. Recombinant hBChE was optimally active at pH 7.4 and 50°C and exhibited high activity at a wide pH range（〉60% activity at pH 4.0 to 8.0）. Moreover, it had a good adaptability to high temperature（〉60% activity at both 50 and 60°C up to 60 min） and good stability at 70°C. The enzyme can be activated by Li^＋, Co^＋, Zn^2＋ and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid（EDTA）, but inhibited by Mg^2＋, Mn^2＋, Fe^2＋, Ag^＋ and Ca^2＋. Na^＋ had little effect on its activity. The values of h BChE of the Michaelis constant（Km） and maximum reaction velocity（Vm） were 89.4 mmol L^–1 and 1 721 mmol min^–1 mg^–1, respectively. The bim olecular rate constants（K_i） of the hBChE to four pesticides were similar with that of electric eel AChE（EeAChE） and higher than that of horse BChE（HoBChE）. All vlues of the half maximal inhibitory concentration of a substance（IC50） for hBChE were lower than those for HoBChE, but most IC50 for hBChE were lower than those for EeAChE except dichlorvos. The applicability of the hBChE was further verified by successful detection of organophosphate insecticide residues in six kinds of vegetable samples. Thus, hBChE heterologously over-expressed by P. pastoris would provide a sufficient material for development of a rapid detection method of organophosphate on spot and produce the organophosphate detection kit.展开更多
Pyrus pashia Buch-Ham, a wild specie was used to investigate the physiological effects of iron deficiency in culture solution. The result showed that Chla, Chlb, total chlorophyll content and photosynthesis rate(Pn) d...Pyrus pashia Buch-Ham, a wild specie was used to investigate the physiological effects of iron deficiency in culture solution. The result showed that Chla, Chlb, total chlorophyll content and photosynthesis rate(Pn) decreased sharply, and the decrease of Pn was prior to that of Chl content under the iron deficiency. The iron deficiency symptoms were visible when the iron concentration in culture medium was less than 25 μmol L-1. Peroxidase(POD) and catalase(CAT) activity in iron-deficient leaves declined significantly, and POD was more sensitive than CAT to Fe deficiency. However, the positive correlation between CAT activity and Chl content was more significant than that between POD activity and Chl content. The content of nutrient elements in Fe-deficient leaves, which changed irregularly, were higher than that in normal leaves. There were a most significant positive correlation between active Fe and Chl content, and between active Fe and Pn respectively. Therefore, active Fe could be useful physiological predicting index for diagnosis.展开更多
Die Thebais des Statius ist ein umfangreiches lateinisches Epos aus dem1.Jahrhundert v.Chr.mit rund zehntausend Hexametem in zwolfBüchem über den Kampf um Theben.Bei diesem Umfang nimmt es nichtwunder,wenn i...Die Thebais des Statius ist ein umfangreiches lateinisches Epos aus dem1.Jahrhundert v.Chr.mit rund zehntausend Hexametem in zwolfBüchem über den Kampf um Theben.Bei diesem Umfang nimmt es nichtwunder,wenn in die fortlaufende Erzahlung auch Einlagen eingefügt sind,die anderes mythisches Gut zum Inhalt haben.Die Frage stellt sich leicht,ob diese Digressionen das Werk im ganzen bereichern oder es belasten.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to understand the biological characteristics of Trabala vishnou Lefebure. [Method]Using the combination methods of field survey, caged observation in forest and indoor rearing observation, the...[Objective]The paper was to understand the biological characteristics of Trabala vishnou Lefebure. [Method]Using the combination methods of field survey, caged observation in forest and indoor rearing observation, the morphological characteristics, biological characteristics and natural enemies of T. vishnou in Qinzhou Kangxiling Mangrove Natural Reserve in Guangxi Province were investigated.[Result]T. vishnou occurred for 4- 5 generations each year in Qinzhou Mangrove Nature Reserve of Guangxi, the developmental duration of each generation averagely was 57.64 d. The pest survived the winter as eggs, mature larvae or pupae, and the overwintering eggs, mature larvae and pupae began to occur in December.[Conclusion]The study provided a scientific theoretical foundation for the prediction and control of T. vishnou.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to screen pesticide that could effectively control Latoia pastorlis （Butler）, and provide reference for its utilization in fields. [Method]The indoor control efficacy of 25% benzoylphenal ur...[Objective]The paper was to screen pesticide that could effectively control Latoia pastorlis （Butler）, and provide reference for its utilization in fields. [Method]The indoor control efficacy of 25% benzoylphenal urea, 30% trichlorfon, 16 000 IU/mg Bacillus thuringiensis and Beauveria bassiana on 2-3 instars larvae of L. pastorlis were determined, and the indoor toxicity of 25% benzoylphenal urea and crystal trichlorfon on shrimp was also tested. [Result]Four pesticides all had insecticidal effects on 2-3 instars larvae of L. pastorlis, of which 30% trichlorfon 800, 1 000 and 1 500 times and 25% benzoylphenal urea 800 times had the best control effect. Crystal trichlorfon with the concentrations of 0.500, 0.100, 0.010 mg/L and 25% benzoylphenal urea 8 000, 10 000, 15 000 times had little or no impact on shrimp, respectively.[Conclusion] 30% Trichlorfon was rapidly available with small impact on shrimp, which were suitable for emergency use or daily control of L. pastorlis. 25% Benzoylphenal urea and 16 000 IU/mg B. thuringiensis had relatively slow insecticidal effect, which was suitable for daily control of L. pastorlis.展开更多
基金supported by the fund from the Ministry of Scientific Research and Technology, Tunisia (Research Unit of Biochemical and Environmental Toxicology, UR04AGR05)
文摘The acute effects of commercial formulation of chlorpyrifos-ethyl （Dursban ） and the secondary treated industrial/urban effluent （STIUE） exposure on acetylcholinesterase （ACHE） and butyrylcholinesterase （BuChE） activities in hepatopancreas and gills of Mediterranean crab Carcinus maenas were investigated. After 2 d of exposure to chlorpyriphos-ethyl, the AChE activity was inhibited in both organs at concentrations of 3.12 and 7.82 μg/L, whereas the BuCHE was inhibited only at higher concentration 7.82 μg/L of commercial preparation Dursban~. The exposure of crabs to Dursban （3.12 μg/L） showed a significant decrement of ACHE activity at 24 and 48 h, whereas the BuChE was inhibited only after 24 h and no inhibition for both enzymes was observed after 72 h. Moreover, a significant repression of AChE activity was observed in both organs of C. maenas exposed to 5% of STIUE. Our experiments indicated that the measurement of AChE activity in gills and hepatopancreas of C. maenas would be useful biomarker of organophosphorous （OP） and of neurotoxic effects of STIUE in Tunisia.
文摘Objective. To research the relations between low- density lipoprotein receptor- related protein gene (LRP) polymorphism, butyrylcholinesterase gene (BchE) polymorphism and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in Chinese. Methods. The gene polymorphisms of LRP and BchE were genotyped in 38 AD cases and 40 controls with polymerase chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR- RFLP) methods. AD groups were classified according to the LRP C/C genotype and compared with matched controls. Results. AD group had higher frequencies of C/C homozygote (81.6％ vs 60.0％ , P< 0.05) and of C allele (89.5％ vs 76.3％ , P< 0.05),with no significant difference between any of these LRP genotypes classified AD groups and their respective control groups. Conclusions. A positive correlation was found between LRP gene polymorphism and AD, but not between BchE gene polymorphism and AD in Chinese AD cases.
文摘Approximately, two-thirds patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are reported to have homozygous wild-type butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) gene expression. It is associated with a higher rate of hydrolysis of acetylcholine, which ultimately leads to increase in the levels of BuChE in advanced stages of the disease. Rivastigmine, a dual inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and BuChE, might be of additional benefit in patients with AD with wild-type BuChE allele.
基金financially supported by the Rural Work Committee of Beijing City for the First Batch of Agricultural Science and Technology Project of Beijing University of Agriculture, China (2013010102)the Beijing Innovation Team Building Project of Leafy Vegetables of Modern Agricultural Industry System, China (2063213003)the Importation and Development of High-Caliber Talents Project of Beijing Municipal Institutions, China (CIT&TCD 20150315)
文摘Organophosphate insecticide residues on vegetable, fruit, tea and even grains are primary cause of food poisoning. Organophosphate compounds can cause irreversible inhibition of the activity of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase（BChE, EC 3.1.1.8）, which are both candidates for rapid detection of organophosphate pesticides. To develop an easy-tohandle method for detecting organophosphate pesticides using BChE, BChE from human was optimized according to the codon usage bias of Pichia pastoris and successfully expressed in P. pastoris GS115. The codon-optimized cDNA shared 37.3% of the codon identity with the native one. However, the amino acid sequence was identical to that of the native human butyrylcholinesterase gene（h BCh E） as published. The ratio of guanine and cytosine in four kinds of bases（（G＋C） ratio） was simultaneously increased from 40 to 47%. The recombinant hBChE expression reached a total protein concentration of 292 mg m L^–1 with an activity of 14.7 U m L^–1, which was purified 3.2×10^3-fold via nickel affinity chromatography with a yield of 68% and a specific activity of 8.1 U mg^–1. Recombinant hBChE was optimally active at pH 7.4 and 50°C and exhibited high activity at a wide pH range（〉60% activity at pH 4.0 to 8.0）. Moreover, it had a good adaptability to high temperature（〉60% activity at both 50 and 60°C up to 60 min） and good stability at 70°C. The enzyme can be activated by Li^＋, Co^＋, Zn^2＋ and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid（EDTA）, but inhibited by Mg^2＋, Mn^2＋, Fe^2＋, Ag^＋ and Ca^2＋. Na^＋ had little effect on its activity. The values of h BChE of the Michaelis constant（Km） and maximum reaction velocity（Vm） were 89.4 mmol L^–1 and 1 721 mmol min^–1 mg^–1, respectively. The bim olecular rate constants（K_i） of the hBChE to four pesticides were similar with that of electric eel AChE（EeAChE） and higher than that of horse BChE（HoBChE）. All vlues of the half maximal inhibitory concentration of a substance（IC50） for hBChE were lower than those for HoBChE, but most IC50 for hBChE were lower than those for EeAChE except dichlorvos. The applicability of the hBChE was further verified by successful detection of organophosphate insecticide residues in six kinds of vegetable samples. Thus, hBChE heterologously over-expressed by P. pastoris would provide a sufficient material for development of a rapid detection method of organophosphate on spot and produce the organophosphate detection kit.
文摘Pyrus pashia Buch-Ham, a wild specie was used to investigate the physiological effects of iron deficiency in culture solution. The result showed that Chla, Chlb, total chlorophyll content and photosynthesis rate(Pn) decreased sharply, and the decrease of Pn was prior to that of Chl content under the iron deficiency. The iron deficiency symptoms were visible when the iron concentration in culture medium was less than 25 μmol L-1. Peroxidase(POD) and catalase(CAT) activity in iron-deficient leaves declined significantly, and POD was more sensitive than CAT to Fe deficiency. However, the positive correlation between CAT activity and Chl content was more significant than that between POD activity and Chl content. The content of nutrient elements in Fe-deficient leaves, which changed irregularly, were higher than that in normal leaves. There were a most significant positive correlation between active Fe and Chl content, and between active Fe and Pn respectively. Therefore, active Fe could be useful physiological predicting index for diagnosis.
文摘Die Thebais des Statius ist ein umfangreiches lateinisches Epos aus dem1.Jahrhundert v.Chr.mit rund zehntausend Hexametem in zwolfBüchem über den Kampf um Theben.Bei diesem Umfang nimmt es nichtwunder,wenn in die fortlaufende Erzahlung auch Einlagen eingefügt sind,die anderes mythisches Gut zum Inhalt haben.Die Frage stellt sich leicht,ob diese Digressionen das Werk im ganzen bereichern oder es belasten.
基金Supported by Projects of Guangxi Forestry Research Institute[KLKZ(2009)12]
文摘[Objective]The paper was to understand the biological characteristics of Trabala vishnou Lefebure. [Method]Using the combination methods of field survey, caged observation in forest and indoor rearing observation, the morphological characteristics, biological characteristics and natural enemies of T. vishnou in Qinzhou Kangxiling Mangrove Natural Reserve in Guangxi Province were investigated.[Result]T. vishnou occurred for 4- 5 generations each year in Qinzhou Mangrove Nature Reserve of Guangxi, the developmental duration of each generation averagely was 57.64 d. The pest survived the winter as eggs, mature larvae or pupae, and the overwintering eggs, mature larvae and pupae began to occur in December.[Conclusion]The study provided a scientific theoretical foundation for the prediction and control of T. vishnou.
基金Supported by Research Projects of Guangxi Academy of Forestry[GLKZ(2009)No.12]
文摘[Objective]The paper was to screen pesticide that could effectively control Latoia pastorlis （Butler）, and provide reference for its utilization in fields. [Method]The indoor control efficacy of 25% benzoylphenal urea, 30% trichlorfon, 16 000 IU/mg Bacillus thuringiensis and Beauveria bassiana on 2-3 instars larvae of L. pastorlis were determined, and the indoor toxicity of 25% benzoylphenal urea and crystal trichlorfon on shrimp was also tested. [Result]Four pesticides all had insecticidal effects on 2-3 instars larvae of L. pastorlis, of which 30% trichlorfon 800, 1 000 and 1 500 times and 25% benzoylphenal urea 800 times had the best control effect. Crystal trichlorfon with the concentrations of 0.500, 0.100, 0.010 mg/L and 25% benzoylphenal urea 8 000, 10 000, 15 000 times had little or no impact on shrimp, respectively.[Conclusion] 30% Trichlorfon was rapidly available with small impact on shrimp, which were suitable for emergency use or daily control of L. pastorlis. 25% Benzoylphenal urea and 16 000 IU/mg B. thuringiensis had relatively slow insecticidal effect, which was suitable for daily control of L. pastorlis.
