Humic Acid Effects on Reducing Corn Leaf Burn Caused by Foliar Spray of Urea-Ammonium Nitrate at Different Humic Acid/Urea-Ammonium Nitrate Ratios

Technologies for reducing corn leaf burn caused by foliar spray of urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) during the early growing season are limited. A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of humic acid on corn leaf burn caused by foliar spray of undiluted UAN solution on corn canopy at Jackson, TN in 2018. Thirteen treatments of the mixtures of UAN and humic acid were evaluated at V6 of corn with different UAN application rates and different UAN/humic acid ratios. Leaf burn during 1 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 14 days after UAN foliar spray significantly differed between with or without humic acid addition. The addition of humic acid to UAN significantly reduced leaf burn at each UAN application rate (15, 25, and 35 gal/acre). The reduction of leaf burn was enhanced as the humic acid/UAN ratio went up from 10% to 30%. Leaf burn due to foliar application of UAN became severer with higher UAN rates. The linear regression of leaf burn 14 days after application with humic acid/UAN ratio was highly significant and negative. However, the linear regression of leaf burn 14 days after application with the UAN application rate was highly significant and positive. In conclusion, adding humic acid to foliar-applied UAN is beneficial for reducing corn leaf burn during the early growing season.

加强型Q460C方钢管间隙N型节点承载力研究

为考察加强构造对N型节点失效机理和承载力的影响规律,对加强节点和基本节点进行了主管轴压静力加载试验,试验结果表明:基本节点的破坏模式为主管上翼缘受拉鼓曲开裂,加强节点破坏模式为加劲板屈曲和覆板焊缝受拉开裂;加强节点的承载力较基本节点提高了9.4%~36.5%;增加覆板厚度,可明显提高节点承载力。采用ABAQUS软件对覆板和加劲板加强的Q460C方钢管间隙N型节点进行了有限元参数研究,考察了主管宽厚比γ、主支管厚度比η、主支管宽度比β、受拉支管与主管夹角θ、支管间距与主管宽度比ξ对节点破坏模式、应力分布、主管荷载-位移曲线和覆板焊缝断裂指数I f的影响规律。根据试验和数值模拟结果,提出了覆板和加劲板加强的Q460C方钢管间隙N型节点承载力计算式和构造设计建议。

Serum cystatin C,monocyte/high-density lipoprotein-C ratio,and uric acid for the diagnosis of coronary heart disease and heart failure

BACKGROUND Coronary heart disease(CHD)and heart failure(HF)are the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide.Early and accurate diagnoses of CHD and HF are essential for optimal management and prognosis.However,conventional diagnostic methods such as electrocardiography,echocardiography,and cardiac biomarkers have certain limitations,such as low sensitivity,specificity,availability,and cost-effectiveness.Therefore,there is a need for simple,noninvasive,and reliable biomarkers to diagnose CHD and HF.AIM To investigate serum cystatin C(Cys-C),monocyte/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio(MHR),and uric acid(UA)diagnostic values for CHD and HF.METHODS We enrolled 80 patients with suspected CHD or HF who were admitted to our hospital between July 2022 and July 2023.The patients were divided into CHD(n=20),HF(n=20),CHD+HF(n=20),and control groups(n=20).The serum levels of Cys-C,MHR,and UA were measured using immunonephelometry and an enzymatic method,respectively,and the diagnostic values for CHD and HF were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.RESULTS Serum levels of Cys-C,MHR,and UA were significantly higher in the CHD,HF,and CHD+HF groups than those in the control group.The serum levels of Cys-C,MHR,and UA were significantly higher in the CHD+HF group than those in the CHD or HF group.The ROC curve analysis showed that serum Cys-C,MHR,and UA had good diagnostic performance for CHD and HF,with areas under the curve ranging from 0.78 to 0.93.The optimal cutoff values of serum Cys-C,MHR,and UA for diagnosing CHD,HF,and CHD+HF were 1.2 mg/L,0.9×10^(9),and 389μmol/L;1.4 mg/L,1.0×10^(9),and 449μmol/L;and 1.6 mg/L,1.1×10^(9),and 508μmol/L,respectively.CONCLUSION Serum Cys-C,MHR,and UA are useful biomarkers for diagnosing CHD and HF,and CHD+HF.These can provide information for decision-making and risk stratification in patients with CHD and HF.

Effects of Vegetation Restoration Age on Soil C:N:P Stoichiometry in Yellow River Delta Coastal Wetland of China

Vegetation restoration can alter carbon(C),nitrogen(N),and phosphorus(P)cycles in coastal wetlands affecting C:N:P stoichiometry.However,the effects of restoration age on soil C:N:P stoichiometry are unclear.In this study,we examined the re-sponses of soil C,N,and P contents and their stoichiometric ratios to vegetation restoration age,focusing on below-ground processes and their relationships to aboveground vegetation community characteristics.We conducted an analysis of temporal gradients based on the'space for time'method to synthesize the effects of restoration age on soil C:N:P stoichiometry in the Yellow River Delta wetland of China.The findings suggest that the combined effects of restoration age and soil depth create complex patterns of shifting soil C:N:P stoichiometry.Specifically,restoration age significantly increased all topsoil C:N:P stoichiometries,except for soil total phosphorus(TP)and the C:N ratio,and slightly affected subsoil C:N:P stoichiometry.The effects of restoration age on the soil C:N ratio was well constrained owing to the coupled relationship between soil organic carbon(SOC)and total nitrogen(TN)contents,while soil TP con-tent was closely related to changes in plant species diversity.Importantly,we found that the topsoil C:N:P stoichiometry was signific-antly affected by plant species diversity,whereas the subsoil C:N:P stoichiometry was more easily regulated by pH and electric con-ductivity(EC).Overall,this study shows that vegetation restoration age elevated SOC and N contents and alleviated N limitation,which is useful for further assessing soil C:N:P stoichiometry in coastal restoration wetlands.

Cost-Effective Monitoring of the Fuel Air Equivalence-Ratio with a Lambda Sensor and a Microcontroller in a Downdraft Biomass Gasifier

The operation of biomass treatment devices such as gasifiers is based on the control of key parameters that play an important role in product formation. These include: temperature, excess oxygen, relative humidity and biomass composition. This work focuses on excess oxygen and temperature. Unfortunately, flue gas oxygen analyzers are expensive and not accessible to small industries. However, the equivalence ratio is linked to excess oxygen and has the advantage of not depending on biomass composition. This study therefore focuses on the design and development of a device for controlling this equivalence ratio by measuring oxygen concentration using a self-propelled Lambda probe, and a system for monitoring this equivalence ratio using an Arduino Uno 3 microcontroller. The temperature is recorded with an accuracy of ±1.5°C. For a heating time of 10 minutes, the response time to temperature change is around 3 seconds, which is sufficient for the device to function properly. This simple device is an efficient and cost-effective means of checking the equivalence ratio.

Role of lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio as a predictive marker for diabetic coronary artery disease: A cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND The lymphocyte to monocyte ratio(LMR)is considered a marker of systemic inflammation in cardiovascular disease and acts as predictor of mortality in coronary artery disease.AIM To investigate the predictive role of LMR in diabetic coronary artery disease patients.METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted at tertiary care super-specialty hospital at New Delhi,India.A total of 200 angiography-proven coronary artery disease(CAD)patients were enrolled and grouped into two categories:Group I[CAD patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)levels≥6.5%],and Group II(CAD patients without T2DM and HbA1c levels<6.5%).Serum lipoproteins,HbA1c,and complete blood count of enrolled patients were analyzed using fully automatic analyzers.RESULTS The logistic regression analysis showed an odds ratio of 1.48(95%CI:1.28-1.72,P<0.05)for diabetic coronary artery disease patients(Group I)in unadjusted model.After adjusting for age,gender,diet,smoking,and hypertension history,the odds ratio increased to 1.49(95%CI:1.29-1.74,P<0.01)in close association with LMR.Further adjustment for high cholesterol and triglycerides yielded the same odds ratio of 1.49(95%CI:1.27-1.75,P<0.01).Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed 74%sensitivity,64%specificity,and 0.74 area under the curve(95%CI:0.67-0.80,P<0.001),suggesting moderate predictive accuracy for diabetic CAD patients.CONCLUSION LMR showed positive association with diabetic coronary artery disease,with moderate predictive accuracy.These findings have implications for improving CAD management in diabetics,necessitating further research and targeted interventions.

Influence of Different C/N Ratios on Aerobic Denitrification Characteristics of the Strain

[ Objective] The research aimed to study influence of different C/N ratios on aerobic denitdfication characteristics of the strain. [ Method] 5 aerobic denitdfying bacteria were isolated from activated sludge at low temperature and low C/N ratio, and their denitdfication capabilities were verified. Influence of different C/N ratios on denitdfication capability of the strain was determined. [ Result] In the five isolated aerobic denitdf- ying bacteria, except HFX08 was G-, HFX00, HFX01, HFX12 and HFX13 were G ＋. HFX08 belonged to Pseudomonas, and other strains be- longed to Acinetobacter. As C/N ratio increased, denitdfication velocity increased, and the highest removal rate of nitrogen for the five strains could reach over 92%. [ Conclusion] The research could provide reference for design and operation of the sewage treatment process with low C/N ratio in winter in the north.

Biomass and nutrient productivities ofTetraselmis chuii under mixotrophic culture conditions with various C：N ratios

Mass microalgal culture plays an irreplaceable role in aquaculture,but microalgal productivity is restricted by traditional autotrophic culture conditions.In the present study,a Tetraselmis chuii strain belonging to the phylum Chlorophyta was isolated from south Yellow Sea.The growth rate and biomass productivity of this strain was higher under mixotrophic conditions with different carbon:nitrogen(C:N)ratios than those under autotrophic conditions.When the C:N ratio was 16,the optical density and biomass productivity were 3.7-and 5-fold higher than their corresponding values under autotrophic culture conditions,respectively.Moreover,T.chuii synthesized more polysaccharides and total lipids under mixotrophic conditions.In addition,T.chuii cultured under mixotrophic conditions synthesized more types of fatty acids than autotrophic culture conditions.At a C:N ratio of 16,the percentage of C16:0 and C18:1 reached 30.08%and 24.65%of the total fatty acid(TFA) content,respectively.These findings may provide a basis for largescale mixotrophic culture of T.chuii,as a potential bait-microalga.

Effect of Potassium and C/N Ratios on Conversion of NH_4^+ in Soils

Two soils, one consisting of 1:1 clay minerals at pH 4.5 and the other containing 2:1 clay minerals at pH 7.0, were used to estimate the conversion of added NH+4 under different C/N ratios (glucose as the C source) and the addition of potassium. Under lower C/N ratios (0:1 and 5:1), a large part of the added NH4+ in the acid soil was held in the forms of either exchangeable or water soluble NH4+ for a relatively long time and under higher C/N ratio (50:1), a large amount of the added NH4+ was directly immobilized by microorganisms. In the second soil containing appreciable 2:1 type clay minerals a large part of the added NH+4 at first quickly entered the interlayer of the minerals under both lower and higher C/N ratios. In second condition, however, owing to microbial assimilation stimulated by glucose the newly fixed NH4+c ould be completely released in further incubation because of a large concentration gradient between external NH4+ and fixed NH4+ in the mineral interlayer caused by heterotrophic microorganisms, which imply the fixed NH4+ to be available to plants. The results also showed that if a large amount of K+ with carbon source together was added to soil, the higher K+ concentration of soil solution could impede the release of fixed NH4+ , even if there was a lot of carbon source.

Variation of Bioaccumulation Ability of 2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl Ether by Marine Diatom Skeletonema costatum Under Different N:P Ratios

The growth, biochemical content and bioaccumulation quantity of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether(BDE-47) in Skeletonema costatum were studied under different N:P ratios(1, 4, 16, 64 and 128). All cellular biochemical contents of S. costatum presented decreasing trend over cultivation time. At early stage of cultivation, the cellular protein, carbohydrate and lipid in S. costatum presented higher values in treatments of N:P=4 and 16. However, they were lower in these treatments at the late stage, but higher in treatments N:P=1 and 128. Similarly, BDE-47 levels per cell of S. costatum were higher in treatments of N:P=4 and 16 at early stage of cultivation, which were 3.8 and 3.7 ng(106 cells)-1, respectively. At the middle stage of cultivation, the BDE-47 level per S. costatum cell lowered; and it further reduced in the treatments of N:P=4 and 16 at the late stage with the values 0.6 and 0.5 ng(106 cells)-1, respectively. However, it rose in N:P=128, reaching up to 2.3 ng(106 cells)-1. Compared with BDE-47 per cell, BDE-47 per algal volume under different N:P ratios did not present obvious difference. The quantity BDE-47 accumulated per cell of S. costatum was positively correlated with protein, carbohydrate and lipid per cell; meanwhile, the BDE-47 per volume had a positive correlation with biochemical content per volume. The variation of bioaccumulation ability of BDE-47 in S. costatum can be explained by biochemical changes due to N:P ratios.

Growth of marine bacteria and ammonium regeneration from substrates in different C:N ratios

Natural assemblages of marine bacteria were chosen in a batch culture experiments. The impact of varying nitrogen substrate concentrations and the substrate C：N ratios （C：Ns） on the bacterial C：N ratio （C：NB）, the bacterial growth efficiency （BGE） and ammonium regeneration was mainly examined. The C：Ns ratios varied from 5：1 （carbon limitation） to 40：1 （nitrogen limitation） with varying combinations of glucose and NO3. The C：NB ratio had positive relationship with the C：Ns ratio （r=0.93, n=8）, whose value was 3.77 when the C：Ns ratio was 5：1 but increased to 6.47 when the C：Ns ratio was 40：1. These results indicate that the C：NB ratio is a potential diagnostic tool for determining the bacterial growth in natural waters controlled by either, carbon or nitrogen. BGE decreased with the declining nitrate concentration and negatively related to C：N8 （r=-0.51, n=8）. The average value of BGE was 0.20. This value was a little lower than other reports, which could be induced by the nitrogen source used in our experiments. Finally, regeneration time of ammonium delayed with the increasing C：Ns ratio, which indicates that there were different metabolism mechanisms when bacterial growth was limited by carbon source and nitrogen source.

The Inhibitory Degree Between Skeletonema costatum and Dinoflagllate Prorocentrum donghaiense at Different Concentrations of Phosphate and Nitrate/Phosphate Ratios

Interactions between Skeletonema costatum (S. costatum) and Prorocentrum donghaiense (P. donghaiiense) were inves-tigated using bi-algal cultures at different concentrations of phosphate (PO4-P) and nitrate/phosphate (N/P) ratios. Experiments were conducted under P-limited conditions and the Lotka-Volterra mathematical model was used to simulate the growth of S. costatum and P. donghaiense in the bi-algal cultures. Both of these two species were inhibited significantly in bi-algal culture. The results of the simulation showed that the inhibitory degree of S. costaum by P. donghaiense was high when the concentration of PO4-P was low (0.1μmolL-1/2 d), but that of P. donghaiense by S. costaum was high with increased PO4-P supply (0.6μmolL-1/2 d). At low concen-tration of PO4-P (0.1μmolL-1/2 d), or high concentration of PO4-P (0.6μmolL-1/2 d) with high N/P ratio (160), the interactions be-tween S. costatum and P. donghaiense were dependent on the initial cell densities of both species. At high concentration of PO4-P (0.6μmolL-1/2 d) with low N/P ratio (25 or 80), S. costatum exhibited a survival strategy superior to that of P. donghaiense. The de-gree of inhibition of P. donghaiense by S. costaum increased with elevated N/P ratio when the medium was supplemented with con-centration 0.1μmolL-1/2 d of PO4-P. The degree of inhibition to P. donghaiense by S. costaum increased with elevated N/P ratio at low concentration of PO4-P (0.1 μmolL-1/2 d). This trend was conversed at high concentration of PO4-P (0.6μmolL-1/2 d). However, the degree of inhibition of S. costaum by P. donghaiense increased with the increased N/P ratio at different PO4-P concentrations (0.1μmolL-1/2 d and 0.6μmolL-1/2 d). These results suggested that both phosphate concentration and N/P ratio affected the competition between S. costaum and P. donghaiense: P. donghaiense is more competitive in environments with low phosphate or high N/P ratio and the influence of N/P ratio on the competition was more significant with lower phosphate concentration.

Chemical and Biological Evaluation of Maturity of Pig Manure Compost at Different C/N Ratios

Aerobic static pile composting (mechanical turning every 3 days) of pig manure was prepared at & m3 windrow heaps. Sawdust was used as the bulking agent to provide additional carbon and to increase the porosity of the substrate. Two treatments at initial C/N ratios of 30 and 15, respectively, were designed in the study. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), soluble NH+4-N, C/N ratios in solid and aqueous phases, E4/E6 ratios, and seed germination index (GI) were determined to evaluate the maturity of the co-composts. Seed germination index, a biological parameter, was suggested as one of the most reliable maturity indicators for organic compost. The results showed that the treatment at the initial C/N ratio of 30 reached maturity after 49 days of composting; however, the treatment at the initial C/N ratio of 15 should require composting time of longer than 63 days to obtain maturation. Chemical multi-indicator evaluation was necessary, and the GI measurement was the recommended approach for maturity evaluation in the study.

Effect of Mg/Al Ratios on Hydration Mechanism of Tabular Alumina Carbon Composites Reinforced by Al4C3 in situ Reaction

Hydration mechanism of tabular alumina carbon composites reinforced by Al4C3 in situ reaction with Mg and Al was researched in water steam using super automatic thermostatic water bath from 25 ℃ to 85 ℃. It is shown that hydration mechanism of the composites is chemical reaction control at 44.3 ℃-84 ℃ in H2O（g）. The hydration was controlled by diffusion from 24.7 ℃ to 33 ℃. The ratio of added Mg/Al influences the HMOR of the composites.The mechanism of HMOR of the composites with different ratios of Mg/Al can be discovered by means of SEM analysis. The active Mg/Al powder and flake graphite inside give the composites outstanding hot strength resulting from the interlocking structure of Al4C3 crystals at high temperature. Besides, the matrix changes into the Al4C3 with high refractoriness. The method of preventing the hydration of tabular alumina carbon composites reinforced by Al4C3 in situ reaction was immersed in the wax at suitable temperature or storing them below 33 ℃ in a dry place or storing them with paraffin-coating.

Beneficial n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels and n6:n3 ratios after 4-week EPA + DHA supplementation associated with reduced CRP: A pilot study in healthy young adults

Chronic systemic inflammation is associated with many conditions of aging such as atherosclerosis. Lowering high n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratios are commonly found in Western diets aids in preventing inflammatory-related diseases. However, it is not clear whether dietary interventions designed to alter n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios can reduce systemic inflammation in younger adults. Studies that evaluate PUFA intake often use subjective data from food frequency questionnaires or food records rather than more precise physiological measures of PUFAs (e.g. plasma levels). Therefore, the purpose of this pilot study that analyzed data from the experimental parent study of younger adults (n = 18), was to determine whether plasma PUFA levels were associated with levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammatory marker, and if supplementation with n-3 PUFAs was correlated with rising n-3 PUFA concentrations in plasma and decreasing n-6:n-3 ratios. In the parent study, participants received daily either placebo or n-3 PUFA softgels (1.6 g eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and 1.2 g docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]). EPA and DHA are the biologically active components in fish oil. Measures included blood for PUFA quantification at baseline and four weeks later, when blister wounds were created and wound fluid and saliva were collected. The saliva samples were used to measure CRP in the present study. We report that CRP was significantly and negatively correlated with total n-3 PUFAs (tau-β = ?0.373, p = 0.031) and positively correlated with n-6:n-3 ratios (tau-β = 0.320, p = 0.063). Those consuming EPA + DHA supplements had significantly higher concentrations of total n-3 PUFAs and significantly lower n-6:n-3 ratios (p The present study has shown that beneficial levels of n-3 PUFAs and n-6:n3 ratios were achieved with 4-weeks of EPA + DHA supplementation and were associated with reduced CRP in young adults. EPA + DHA supplementation for some young adults may help prevent inflammatory conditions later in life.

Effects of N Application Rates and NO_3-N to NH_4-N Ratios on Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco Planted in Black Soil

A field experiment about effects of nitrogen application rates and different NO3-N to NH4-N ratios on agronomic, chemical and biological characteristics as well as yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco grown in a black soil was conducted from 2004 to 2005 in Heilongjiang Province. The results showed that the nitrogen application rates at 45 kg·hm^-2 with the ratio of 75% NO3-N to 25% NH4-N resulted in the highest potassium and reducing sugar contents in the flue-cured tobacco leaving with the highest quality grade and value. It is recommended that this ni- trogen application rate and NO3-N to NH4-N ratio should be widely applied on flue-cured tobacco grown in the black soil in Heilongjiang Province.

莫来石-Ti(C,N)复合材料的制备及其力学性能研究

以TiO_(2)粉、石墨粉、Al/Si/Al_(2)O_(3)复合粉体为原料,在氮气气氛下经1400℃~1600℃保温2 h,采用碳热还原氮化法制备得到莫来石-Ti(C,N)复合材料,研究了烧成温度对复合材料物相组成、微观结构与力学性能的影响。结果表明:经1400℃热处理后,试样的物相组成为Ti(C,N)、SiO_(2)和硅线石。随热处理温度升高至1450℃~1600℃,硅线石消失的同时,试样出现了短柱状莫来石,并与无定形SiO_(2)紧密连接,形成有效的化学结合。当烧成温度为1500℃时,大量开口气孔随颗粒重排、界面移动而消失,材料颗粒间结合较为紧密,气孔数量明显减少,该烧成温度下试样具有最佳综合性能,其体积密度、弹性模量、抗折强度和维氏硬度分别为(3.48±0.02) g·cm-3、(138.5±0.1) GPa、(158.0±0.03) MPa和(21.01±0.01) GPa。

Ab initio Study of the Potential Energy Surface and Product Branching Ratios for Reaction of O（^1D） with C2H5CI

The potential energy surface of O（^1D）＋C2H5Cl reaction was studied using QCISD（T）/6- 311＋＋G（d,p）//MP2/6-31G（d,p） method. The calculations reveal an insertion-elimination mechanism. The insertion reaction of O（^1D） and C2H5Cl produces two energy-rich intermediates, IM1 and IM2, which subsequently decompose into various products. The calculations of the branching ratios of various products formed through the two intermediates were carried out using RRKM （Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus） theory at the collision energies of 0, 20.9, 41.8, 62.7, 83.6, 104.5, and 125.4 kJ/mol. HCl is the main decomposition product for IM1; CH2OH is the main decomposition product for IM2. Since IM1 is more stable than IM2, HCl is probably the main product of the O（^1D）＋C2H5Cl reaction.

Effects of Regulation of C/N Ratio Wheat Straw Application on Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Uptake in Tobacco

[Objective]The aim was to study the effects of regulation of C/N ratio wheat straw application on tobacco nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium uptake. [Method]Effects of regulation C/N ratio wheat straw application on the flue-cured tobacco yield,output value,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content and cumulative uptake of the upper,middle and bottom leaf were studied by using the field plot experiments at Banqiao town,Qujing city,Yunnan Province during the 2008-2009 summer growing seasons. [Result]The results showed that the application of wheat straw alone or after C/N regulation,could significantly increase tobacco production,potassium content,the potassium and nitrogen accumulation amount of leaf,and was more conducive to the potassium uptake of tobacco leaf with wheat straw application after C/N regulation. Compared with non-straw application,the yield of tobacco increased by 6.59%,3.58%,5.98%,8.80% with application of wheat straw alone,wheat straw and vetch,wheat straw and oilseed cake,wheat straw and urea nitrogen,the potassium content in tobacco leaf increased by 3.85%,7.76%,8.82%,11.21%,respectively,the total potassium cumulative amount of leaf increased by 10.71%,11.62%,15.32% ,21.01% and the total nitrogen cumulative amount increased by 9.76%,1.22%,8.14%,14.00%. However,the differences of tobacco leaf nitrogen content among the different treatments were not significant,the phosphorus uptake of tobacco leaf decreased. [Conclusion]application of high C/N ratio wheat straw in flue-cured tobacco production,which should be concerned not only to adjust C/N ratio by adding nitrogen,but also considering additional phosphorus application.

Status of Micro and Macro Nutrients in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Suggesting the Importance of Cation Ratios

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic polymetabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from resistance to insulin action or inadequacy of insulin secretion. Role of the micro & macro nutrients in the pathogenesis of T2DM has not been studied thoroughly. The aim of this study was to evaluate the status of calcium, magnesium, zinc and chromium in relation to HbA1c in a group of subjects with T2DM patients. Methodology: The study comprised of seventy three patients with T2DM, attending the OP of a tertiary care medical college hospital. Thirty four individuals were with HbA1c < 7% (group 1) and thirty nine with HbA1c ≥ 7% (group 2). Cation concentrations were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and HbA1c by ion exchange chromatography. Results: The individual cation concentrations were not significantly different between the groups. Association of these serum ion concentrations with the glycemic control in group 2 (HbA1c 7%) was noted. Significant association of cation ratios with glycemic control was noted. Conclusion: The concentration of magnesium, zinc and chromium were low in subjects with poor glycemic control (HbA1c > 7%). Cation ratios were significantly associated with the glycemic control in T2DM.