Chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection is a public health issue that often progresses to life-threatening complications, including liver cirrhosis, fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Impaired immune responses t...Chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection is a public health issue that often progresses to life-threatening complications, including liver cirrhosis, fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Impaired immune responses to HCV are key features of chronic HCV infection. Therefore, intervention strategies usually involve enhancing the immune responses against HCV. Cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes(CTLs) play a critical role in the control of HCV infection. However, their cytolytic function can be impaired by the expression of co-inhibitory molecules. Programmed death-1(PD-1) receptor and its ligand PD-L1 function in a T cell co-inhibitory pathway, which either blocks the function of CTLs or the differentiation of CD8+ T cells. During chronic HCV infection, the immune inhibitory receptor PD-1 is upregulated on dysfunctional HCV-specific CD8+ T cells. As such, blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in these CD8+ T cells might restore their functional capabilities. Indeed, clinical trials using therapies to block this pathway have shown promise in the fostering of anti-HCV immunity. Understanding how chronic HCV infection induces upregulation of PD-1 on HCV specific T cells and how the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction develops HCV specific T cell dysfunction will accelerate the development of an efficacious prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination against chronic HCV infections, which will significantly improve HCV treatments and patient survival. In this review, we discuss the relationship between PD-1 expression and clinical responses and the potential use of PD-1 blockade for anti-HCV therapy.展开更多
In the capital city of Baghdad, The surface water suffering from effect of conservative pollutants. Baghdad city has two rivers, the main river Tigris River and Diyala River in boundary of Baghdad city (Jassir Diyala)...In the capital city of Baghdad, The surface water suffering from effect of conservative pollutants. Baghdad city has two rivers, the main river Tigris River and Diyala River in boundary of Baghdad city (Jassir Diyala) eastern of Baghdad. The present study deals with the evaluation of water quality of Tigris River within Baghdad. In the case of Tigris River the concentrations of TH, TDS, PO4 and SO4 were found to lie outside the acceptable range of WHO standards by using WQI analysis and C++ program.展开更多
Matlab has a high performance at engineering calculation.C# is good at interface development.Combining their advantages together,hybrid programming with Matlab and C # will help to improve the reliability analysis sof...Matlab has a high performance at engineering calculation.C# is good at interface development.Combining their advantages together,hybrid programming with Matlab and C # will help to improve the reliability analysis software efficiency and accuracy significantly.Procedures of hybrid programming with Matlab and C# in reliability analysis software are introduced in this paper.Finally a mathematical problem is tested to verify the feasibility of this programming method.展开更多
Fast-growing and High-yielding Forests Base Construction Program is the only industrialization program of six key forestry programs. The main construction content is to plant 13.33 million hm fast-growing and high-yie...Fast-growing and High-yielding Forests Base Construction Program is the only industrialization program of six key forestry programs. The main construction content is to plant 13.33 million hm fast-growing and high-yielding plantation in 18 provinces in China. According to the program planning and growth of different tree species, the biomass of this program is evaluated and the C sequestration is assessed in this paper. In the program period, the biomass of the program will reach 3.703 6×109 t, and the C storage will get 1.851 8×109 t. The program will have a great effect on raising the C pool function of forest vegetation.展开更多
Water-Decision Support System (DSS) tools enhance decision-makings towards improved water supply in a given region. The rigours of manual design of the conventional water treatment plants are easily eliminated with th...Water-Decision Support System (DSS) tools enhance decision-makings towards improved water supply in a given region. The rigours of manual design of the conventional water treatment plants are easily eliminated with the use of softwares as in the case of DSS. Therefore, this paper focuses on the development of a Water-DSS for design of treatment plant in Karkala Town, Udupi District of India. A four-decade population projection was made using the baseline data of 1971 till date. The manual computation for water demand, unit operations and adjoining facilities was carried out and later coded in C-programming language for development of a DSS for easier design and process selection. Data validation was done and results from the two approaches were compared. With the C-programming technique, a decision support tool for design and process selection of drinking water treatment plant using conventional method has been developed and named Water-DSS1. The designed tool is simple, accurate, flexible, efficient and universal, easily adaptable to any similar conventional treatment plant. Water-DSS1 is thus recommended for general use in ultimately alleviating water supply challenges.展开更多
AIM To investigate the expression and prognostic role of programmed death ligand-1(PD-L1) in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC).METHODS A total of 200 patients with ESCC who underwent radical es...AIM To investigate the expression and prognostic role of programmed death ligand-1(PD-L1) in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC).METHODS A total of 200 patients with ESCC who underwent radical esophagectomy with standard lymphadenectomy as the initial definitive treatment in Seoul National University Hospital from December 2000 to April 2013 were eligible for this analysis. Tissue microarrays were constructed by collecting tissue cores from surgical specimens, and immunostained with antibodies directed against PD-L1, p16, and c-Met. Medical records were reviewed retrospectively to assess clinical outcomes. Patients were divided into two groups by PD-L1 status, and significant differences in clinicopathologic characteristics between the two groups were assessed. RESULTS Tumor tissues from 67 ESCC patients(33.5%) were PDL1-positive. Positive p16 expression was observed in 21 specimens(10.5%). The H-score for c-Met expression was ≥ 50 in 42 specimens(21.0%). Although PDL1-positivity was not significantly correlated with any clinical characteristics including age, sex, smoking/alcoholic history, stage, or differentiation, H-scores for c-Met expression were significantly associated with PDL1-positivity(OR = 2.34, 95%CI: 1.16-4.72, P = 0.017). PD-L1 expression was not significantly associated with a change in overall survival(P = 0.656). In contrast, the locoregional relapse rate tended to increase(P = 0.134), and the distant metastasis rate was significantly increased(HR = 1.72, 95%CI: 1.01-2.79, P = 0.028) in patients with PD-L1-positive ESCC compared to those with PD-L1-negative ESCC.CONCLUSION PD-L1 expression is positively correlated with c-Met expression in ESCC. PD-L1 may play a critical role in distant failure and progression of ESCC.展开更多
The application of bilingual teaching in vocational colleges is necessary choice of acting on international standards, promoting education reform, improving the competitive advantage of profession. As computer program...The application of bilingual teaching in vocational colleges is necessary choice of acting on international standards, promoting education reform, improving the competitive advantage of profession. As computer programming languages are developed in America with native English, it is of great significance for vocational college to promote bilingual education in computer programming courses. This paper analyzes the current teaching situation in vocational programming courses, describes the practice of bilingual teaching vocational programming from three aspects such as teaching resources, teaching methods and assessment methods to improve students' programming ability, and to promote development of bilingual education on vocational programming courses.展开更多
基金Supported by Science and Technology Development Fund(STDFgrants No.1469 and No.5245)Tanta University Fund,Egypt to Mohamed L Salem,the Principal investigator of these projects
文摘Chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection is a public health issue that often progresses to life-threatening complications, including liver cirrhosis, fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Impaired immune responses to HCV are key features of chronic HCV infection. Therefore, intervention strategies usually involve enhancing the immune responses against HCV. Cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes(CTLs) play a critical role in the control of HCV infection. However, their cytolytic function can be impaired by the expression of co-inhibitory molecules. Programmed death-1(PD-1) receptor and its ligand PD-L1 function in a T cell co-inhibitory pathway, which either blocks the function of CTLs or the differentiation of CD8+ T cells. During chronic HCV infection, the immune inhibitory receptor PD-1 is upregulated on dysfunctional HCV-specific CD8+ T cells. As such, blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in these CD8+ T cells might restore their functional capabilities. Indeed, clinical trials using therapies to block this pathway have shown promise in the fostering of anti-HCV immunity. Understanding how chronic HCV infection induces upregulation of PD-1 on HCV specific T cells and how the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction develops HCV specific T cell dysfunction will accelerate the development of an efficacious prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination against chronic HCV infections, which will significantly improve HCV treatments and patient survival. In this review, we discuss the relationship between PD-1 expression and clinical responses and the potential use of PD-1 blockade for anti-HCV therapy.
文摘In the capital city of Baghdad, The surface water suffering from effect of conservative pollutants. Baghdad city has two rivers, the main river Tigris River and Diyala River in boundary of Baghdad city (Jassir Diyala) eastern of Baghdad. The present study deals with the evaluation of water quality of Tigris River within Baghdad. In the case of Tigris River the concentrations of TH, TDS, PO4 and SO4 were found to lie outside the acceptable range of WHO standards by using WQI analysis and C++ program.
文摘Matlab has a high performance at engineering calculation.C# is good at interface development.Combining their advantages together,hybrid programming with Matlab and C # will help to improve the reliability analysis software efficiency and accuracy significantly.Procedures of hybrid programming with Matlab and C# in reliability analysis software are introduced in this paper.Finally a mathematical problem is tested to verify the feasibility of this programming method.
文摘Fast-growing and High-yielding Forests Base Construction Program is the only industrialization program of six key forestry programs. The main construction content is to plant 13.33 million hm fast-growing and high-yielding plantation in 18 provinces in China. According to the program planning and growth of different tree species, the biomass of this program is evaluated and the C sequestration is assessed in this paper. In the program period, the biomass of the program will reach 3.703 6×109 t, and the C storage will get 1.851 8×109 t. The program will have a great effect on raising the C pool function of forest vegetation.
文摘Water-Decision Support System (DSS) tools enhance decision-makings towards improved water supply in a given region. The rigours of manual design of the conventional water treatment plants are easily eliminated with the use of softwares as in the case of DSS. Therefore, this paper focuses on the development of a Water-DSS for design of treatment plant in Karkala Town, Udupi District of India. A four-decade population projection was made using the baseline data of 1971 till date. The manual computation for water demand, unit operations and adjoining facilities was carried out and later coded in C-programming language for development of a DSS for easier design and process selection. Data validation was done and results from the two approaches were compared. With the C-programming technique, a decision support tool for design and process selection of drinking water treatment plant using conventional method has been developed and named Water-DSS1. The designed tool is simple, accurate, flexible, efficient and universal, easily adaptable to any similar conventional treatment plant. Water-DSS1 is thus recommended for general use in ultimately alleviating water supply challenges.
基金Supported by Seoul National University Hospital Research Fund,No.03-2015-0380Ministry of Health and Welfare,South Korea,No.HI06C0874
文摘AIM To investigate the expression and prognostic role of programmed death ligand-1(PD-L1) in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC).METHODS A total of 200 patients with ESCC who underwent radical esophagectomy with standard lymphadenectomy as the initial definitive treatment in Seoul National University Hospital from December 2000 to April 2013 were eligible for this analysis. Tissue microarrays were constructed by collecting tissue cores from surgical specimens, and immunostained with antibodies directed against PD-L1, p16, and c-Met. Medical records were reviewed retrospectively to assess clinical outcomes. Patients were divided into two groups by PD-L1 status, and significant differences in clinicopathologic characteristics between the two groups were assessed. RESULTS Tumor tissues from 67 ESCC patients(33.5%) were PDL1-positive. Positive p16 expression was observed in 21 specimens(10.5%). The H-score for c-Met expression was ≥ 50 in 42 specimens(21.0%). Although PDL1-positivity was not significantly correlated with any clinical characteristics including age, sex, smoking/alcoholic history, stage, or differentiation, H-scores for c-Met expression were significantly associated with PDL1-positivity(OR = 2.34, 95%CI: 1.16-4.72, P = 0.017). PD-L1 expression was not significantly associated with a change in overall survival(P = 0.656). In contrast, the locoregional relapse rate tended to increase(P = 0.134), and the distant metastasis rate was significantly increased(HR = 1.72, 95%CI: 1.01-2.79, P = 0.028) in patients with PD-L1-positive ESCC compared to those with PD-L1-negative ESCC.CONCLUSION PD-L1 expression is positively correlated with c-Met expression in ESCC. PD-L1 may play a critical role in distant failure and progression of ESCC.
文摘The application of bilingual teaching in vocational colleges is necessary choice of acting on international standards, promoting education reform, improving the competitive advantage of profession. As computer programming languages are developed in America with native English, it is of great significance for vocational college to promote bilingual education in computer programming courses. This paper analyzes the current teaching situation in vocational programming courses, describes the practice of bilingual teaching vocational programming from three aspects such as teaching resources, teaching methods and assessment methods to improve students' programming ability, and to promote development of bilingual education on vocational programming courses.