对于分辨率优于0.25 nm的200 k V级透射电子显微镜,要求配备稳定度优于2×10-6/min的高压电源,这是高稳定度输出的重要保证。C-W电路是高压发生的核心部分,其传递函数是高压电源闭环系统中不可或缺的环节之一。由于CW电路采用级联...对于分辨率优于0.25 nm的200 k V级透射电子显微镜,要求配备稳定度优于2×10-6/min的高压电源,这是高稳定度输出的重要保证。C-W电路是高压发生的核心部分,其传递函数是高压电源闭环系统中不可或缺的环节之一。由于CW电路采用级联的整流二极管-电容网络拓扑,受二极管器件本身非线性效应的影响,常规传递函数的求解方法已不符合其非线性的特点。通过研究平衡式C-W电路的原理,结合其物理特征将系统非线性处理为离散时间下的线性系统,建立了离散时间状态空间模型,进行z变换后推导了三阶平衡式C-W脉冲传递函数通式。应用Matlab仿真一款平衡式C-W电路的幅频特性曲线和相频特性曲线,进一步分析了其频率特性,为平衡式C-W电路系统特性的研究提供了一种理论方法。展开更多
Conventional analysis of enzyme-catalyzed reactions uses a set of initial rates of product formation or substrate decay at a variety of substrate concentrations. Alternatively to the conventional methods, attempts hav...Conventional analysis of enzyme-catalyzed reactions uses a set of initial rates of product formation or substrate decay at a variety of substrate concentrations. Alternatively to the conventional methods, attempts have been made to use an integrated Michaelis-Menten equation to assess the values of the Michaelis-Menten KM and turnover kcat constants directly from a single time course of an enzymatic reaction. However, because of weak convergence, previous fits of the integrated Michaelis-Menten equation to a single trace of the reaction have no proven records of success. Here we propose a reliable method with fast convergence based on an explicit solution of the Michaelis-Menten equation in terms of the Lambert-W function with transformed variables. Tests of the method with stopped-flow measurements of the catalytic reaction of cytochrome c oxidase, as well as with simulated data, demonstrate applicability of the approach to de termine KM and kcat constants free of any systematic errors. This study indicates that the approach could be an alternative solution for the characterization of enzymatic reactions, saving time, sample and efforts. The single trace method can greatly assist the real time monitoring of enzymatic activity, in particular when a fast control is mandatory. It may be the only alternative when conventional analysis does not apply, e.g. because of limited amount of sample.展开更多
文摘对于分辨率优于0.25 nm的200 k V级透射电子显微镜,要求配备稳定度优于2×10-6/min的高压电源,这是高稳定度输出的重要保证。C-W电路是高压发生的核心部分,其传递函数是高压电源闭环系统中不可或缺的环节之一。由于CW电路采用级联的整流二极管-电容网络拓扑,受二极管器件本身非线性效应的影响,常规传递函数的求解方法已不符合其非线性的特点。通过研究平衡式C-W电路的原理,结合其物理特征将系统非线性处理为离散时间下的线性系统,建立了离散时间状态空间模型,进行z变换后推导了三阶平衡式C-W脉冲传递函数通式。应用Matlab仿真一款平衡式C-W电路的幅频特性曲线和相频特性曲线,进一步分析了其频率特性,为平衡式C-W电路系统特性的研究提供了一种理论方法。
文摘Conventional analysis of enzyme-catalyzed reactions uses a set of initial rates of product formation or substrate decay at a variety of substrate concentrations. Alternatively to the conventional methods, attempts have been made to use an integrated Michaelis-Menten equation to assess the values of the Michaelis-Menten KM and turnover kcat constants directly from a single time course of an enzymatic reaction. However, because of weak convergence, previous fits of the integrated Michaelis-Menten equation to a single trace of the reaction have no proven records of success. Here we propose a reliable method with fast convergence based on an explicit solution of the Michaelis-Menten equation in terms of the Lambert-W function with transformed variables. Tests of the method with stopped-flow measurements of the catalytic reaction of cytochrome c oxidase, as well as with simulated data, demonstrate applicability of the approach to de termine KM and kcat constants free of any systematic errors. This study indicates that the approach could be an alternative solution for the characterization of enzymatic reactions, saving time, sample and efforts. The single trace method can greatly assist the real time monitoring of enzymatic activity, in particular when a fast control is mandatory. It may be the only alternative when conventional analysis does not apply, e.g. because of limited amount of sample.
