Most of the assessment equations for Ct which is a wellknown fracture parameter characterizing high temperature crack growth rates, have limited applicability to constant load conditions after sudden loading. However...Most of the assessment equations for Ct which is a wellknown fracture parameter characterizing high temperature crack growth rates, have limited applicability to constant load conditions after sudden loading. However, crack growth due to creep can also occur under load varying conditions when load rising time is so long that accumulated creep deformation near the crack tip is not negligible.In this paper, the estimation equation of the Ctparameter which can be applied to the case of slow load rising, i.e., (Ct)r, is explained. And the correlation between (Ct)r at the end of the load increasing period and Ct at the beginning of the succeeding load hold period is discussed. Finite element analyses of several cases with various loading conditions were performed and results were presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed Ct estimation scheme. The general applicability of the equation is also discussed.展开更多
The rapid development of the IoT(Internet of Things)is bringing about a functional change of communication networks from“information transmission”to“information service”.First,the conception and characteristics of...The rapid development of the IoT(Internet of Things)is bringing about a functional change of communication networks from“information transmission”to“information service”.First,the conception and characteristics of the IoT are in-troduced,i.e.,an Internet of humans,machines,and things meant to achieve smart information services.Then,the technology requirements for realizing ubiquitous and smart information services are described.The corresponding key technologies are also discussed,including the integration of communications,computing and control technology(3C),heterogeneous network fusion theory and technology,intelligent sensor technology and short-distance networking theory,large-scale network transmission theory and technology,the network virtualization and intelligent computing technology geared toward information service,and the collaborative network system and service model geared to the application of the IoT.Finally,the development trends of in-formation technologies and information networks in the next five to ten years are analyzed,and give some suggestions for main research areas to be explored and key issues to be resolved.展开更多
Functional biological research has benefited tremendously by analyses of the phenotypes of mutant organisms which can be generated through targeted mutation of genes.In Drosophila,compared with random mutagenesis meth...Functional biological research has benefited tremendously by analyses of the phenotypes of mutant organisms which can be generated through targeted mutation of genes.In Drosophila,compared with random mutagenesis methods gene targeting has gained its popularity because it can introduce any desired mutation into a gene of interest.However,applications of gene targeting have been limited because the targeting efficiency varies with different genes,and the time and labor of targeting procedure are intensive.Nevertheless,improvement of gene targeting and development of its variant technologies have received much attention of scientists.Here we review recent progress that has been made in expanding the applications of gene targeting,which include the ϕC31 integration system and zinc-finger nucleases induced gene targeting,and new strategies that generate more efficient and reliable gene targeting.展开更多
Animals can sense many environment stimuli simultaneously and integrate these signals within the nervous system. However, the neural system and molecular
文摘Most of the assessment equations for Ct which is a wellknown fracture parameter characterizing high temperature crack growth rates, have limited applicability to constant load conditions after sudden loading. However, crack growth due to creep can also occur under load varying conditions when load rising time is so long that accumulated creep deformation near the crack tip is not negligible.In this paper, the estimation equation of the Ctparameter which can be applied to the case of slow load rising, i.e., (Ct)r, is explained. And the correlation between (Ct)r at the end of the load increasing period and Ct at the beginning of the succeeding load hold period is discussed. Finite element analyses of several cases with various loading conditions were performed and results were presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed Ct estimation scheme. The general applicability of the equation is also discussed.
基金supported by The National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(NO.2013CB329005).
文摘The rapid development of the IoT(Internet of Things)is bringing about a functional change of communication networks from“information transmission”to“information service”.First,the conception and characteristics of the IoT are in-troduced,i.e.,an Internet of humans,machines,and things meant to achieve smart information services.Then,the technology requirements for realizing ubiquitous and smart information services are described.The corresponding key technologies are also discussed,including the integration of communications,computing and control technology(3C),heterogeneous network fusion theory and technology,intelligent sensor technology and short-distance networking theory,large-scale network transmission theory and technology,the network virtualization and intelligent computing technology geared toward information service,and the collaborative network system and service model geared to the application of the IoT.Finally,the development trends of in-formation technologies and information networks in the next five to ten years are analyzed,and give some suggestions for main research areas to be explored and key issues to be resolved.
文摘Functional biological research has benefited tremendously by analyses of the phenotypes of mutant organisms which can be generated through targeted mutation of genes.In Drosophila,compared with random mutagenesis methods gene targeting has gained its popularity because it can introduce any desired mutation into a gene of interest.However,applications of gene targeting have been limited because the targeting efficiency varies with different genes,and the time and labor of targeting procedure are intensive.Nevertheless,improvement of gene targeting and development of its variant technologies have received much attention of scientists.Here we review recent progress that has been made in expanding the applications of gene targeting,which include the ϕC31 integration system and zinc-finger nucleases induced gene targeting,and new strategies that generate more efficient and reliable gene targeting.
文摘Animals can sense many environment stimuli simultaneously and integrate these signals within the nervous system. However, the neural system and molecular
