As a kind of formal specification language, Z has gained a position in the field of software development, but there is still no standard way of transforming Z specification into executable code that is promising in in...As a kind of formal specification language, Z has gained a position in the field of software development, but there is still no standard way of transforming Z specification into executable code that is promising in increasing the quality, reusability and maintainability of software.With the automatic programming model of software engineering, through the analysis for Z specification language, a feasible semi-automatic way of refinement and transformation is proposed, and the correctness of the procedure is also discussed.展开更多
The phase transition characteristics of the prepared Ni46Mn35Ga19 single crystal have been systematically investigated by measuring resistance,strain,heat flow,and ac magnetic susceptibility.The experimental results i...The phase transition characteristics of the prepared Ni46Mn35Ga19 single crystal have been systematically investigated by measuring resistance,strain,heat flow,and ac magnetic susceptibility.The experimental results indicate that both magnetic transition and martensitic transformation occurred simultaneously and the corresponding transition temperature was about 356 K.Meanwhile,the prepared single crystal also exhibited spontaneous and magnetic-field-enhanced two-way thermal shape memory effect with the strains up to-0.89% and-1.90% with and without a magnetic field of 1.6 T,respectively.The possible mechanism of the large spontaneous and magnetic enhanced deformation were analyzed based on the phase transition characteristics of Ni46Mn35Ga19 single crystal and the preferential orientation of martensitic variants.展开更多
Regional geochemical division is a mapping technique to divide an area into slices where the associations between geochemical elements are relatively simple and uniform. The result of division is expressed on a 2 D ma...Regional geochemical division is a mapping technique to divide an area into slices where the associations between geochemical elements are relatively simple and uniform. The result of division is expressed on a 2 D map. The scheme of regional geochemical division includes non supervised pattern recognition, elementary statistics and factor analysis. A practical example in a gold prospecting area in Jilin, China, and the corresponding explanation are presented. Regional geochemical division is a basic approach to the delineation of the geochemical blocks as well.展开更多
Enteromorpha polysaccharide （Ep） extracted from alga a novel green coagulant aid for nanoparticles （NPs） and heavy metal ions removal and the structure of EP was intensively studied in this study. The integration ...Enteromorpha polysaccharide （Ep） extracted from alga a novel green coagulant aid for nanoparticles （NPs） and heavy metal ions removal and the structure of EP was intensively studied in this study. The integration of Ep with polyaluminum chloride （PAC-Ep） coagulants exhibited higher coagulation performance than that of the polyaluminum chloride （PAC） because of the negatively charged NPs suspension and humic aid （HA） solution. Significant high removal efficiencies of dissolved organic matter （94.1%）, turbidity （99.3%） and Zn ions （69.3%） were achieved by the PAC-Ep coagulants. The dual-coagulation properties of PAC-Ep for different pollutants was based on multiple mechanisms, including （i） AI^3＋ charge neutralization; （ii） hydroxy aluminum hydroxyl bridging formed polynuclearhydroxy complexes bridge and sweep colloidal particles; （iii） adsorption and bridging of Ep chain for the NPs and heavy metal ions. Results indicated that the destabilization of colloid was induced by the coexisting HA and higher removal was achieved as ions adsorption was enhance in the presence of HA complexation. On the basis of that, the extraction of polysaccharide is a promising candidate for its high coagulation performance in water treatment.展开更多
文摘As a kind of formal specification language, Z has gained a position in the field of software development, but there is still no standard way of transforming Z specification into executable code that is promising in increasing the quality, reusability and maintainability of software.With the automatic programming model of software engineering, through the analysis for Z specification language, a feasible semi-automatic way of refinement and transformation is proposed, and the correctness of the procedure is also discussed.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(50671034)Science and Technology of Henan in Grant(102102210037)Science Technology of Education Committee of Henan in Grant(2006430008)
文摘The phase transition characteristics of the prepared Ni46Mn35Ga19 single crystal have been systematically investigated by measuring resistance,strain,heat flow,and ac magnetic susceptibility.The experimental results indicate that both magnetic transition and martensitic transformation occurred simultaneously and the corresponding transition temperature was about 356 K.Meanwhile,the prepared single crystal also exhibited spontaneous and magnetic-field-enhanced two-way thermal shape memory effect with the strains up to-0.89% and-1.90% with and without a magnetic field of 1.6 T,respectively.The possible mechanism of the large spontaneous and magnetic enhanced deformation were analyzed based on the phase transition characteristics of Ni46Mn35Ga19 single crystal and the preferential orientation of martensitic variants.
文摘Regional geochemical division is a mapping technique to divide an area into slices where the associations between geochemical elements are relatively simple and uniform. The result of division is expressed on a 2 D map. The scheme of regional geochemical division includes non supervised pattern recognition, elementary statistics and factor analysis. A practical example in a gold prospecting area in Jilin, China, and the corresponding explanation are presented. Regional geochemical division is a basic approach to the delineation of the geochemical blocks as well.
文摘Enteromorpha polysaccharide （Ep） extracted from alga a novel green coagulant aid for nanoparticles （NPs） and heavy metal ions removal and the structure of EP was intensively studied in this study. The integration of Ep with polyaluminum chloride （PAC-Ep） coagulants exhibited higher coagulation performance than that of the polyaluminum chloride （PAC） because of the negatively charged NPs suspension and humic aid （HA） solution. Significant high removal efficiencies of dissolved organic matter （94.1%）, turbidity （99.3%） and Zn ions （69.3%） were achieved by the PAC-Ep coagulants. The dual-coagulation properties of PAC-Ep for different pollutants was based on multiple mechanisms, including （i） AI^3＋ charge neutralization; （ii） hydroxy aluminum hydroxyl bridging formed polynuclearhydroxy complexes bridge and sweep colloidal particles; （iii） adsorption and bridging of Ep chain for the NPs and heavy metal ions. Results indicated that the destabilization of colloid was induced by the coexisting HA and higher removal was achieved as ions adsorption was enhance in the presence of HA complexation. On the basis of that, the extraction of polysaccharide is a promising candidate for its high coagulation performance in water treatment.
